THE ENCYCLOPÆDIA BRITANNICA A DICTIONARY OF ARTS, SCIENCES, LITERATURE AND GENERAL INFORMATION ELEVENTH EDITION VOLUME XX ODE to PAYMENT OF MEMBERS NEW YORK THE ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA COMPANY 1911 Ref .E36 Copyright, in the United States of America, 1911, by The Encyclopædia Britannica Company. INITIALS USED IN VOLUME XX. TO IDENTIFY INDIVIDUAL CONTRIBUTORS, WITH THE HEADINGS OF THE ARTICLES IN THIS VOLUME SO SIGNED. A. C. Se. A. F. P. A. G. D. A. G. H. ALBERT CHARLES SEWARD, M.A., F.R.S. Professor of Botany in the University of Cambridge. Hon. Fellow of Emmanuel Palaeobotany: Mesozoic. ALBERT FREDERICK POLLARD, M.A., F.R.HIST.S. Professor of English History in the University of London. Fellow of All Souls' College, Oxford. Assistant Editor of the Dictionary of National Biography, 1893- Parker, Matthew. ARTHUR GEORGE DOUGHTY, M.A., LITT.D., C.M.G. Dominion Archivist of Canada. Member of the Geographical Board of Canada. ALBERT GEORGE HADCOCK. Late R.A. Manager, Gun Department, Elswick Works, Newcastle-on-Tyne.. ADOLF HARNACK. See the biographical article: HARNACK, ADOLF. A. Ha. A. J. L ANDREW JACKSON LAMOUREUX. Papineau. Ordnance: History and Construction. {Origen. Librarian, College of Agriculture, Cornell University. Formerly Editor of the Rio Pará. See the biographical article: LUCHAIRE, DENIS J. ACHILLE. ALEXANDER MACALISTER, M.A., M.D., LL.D., D.Sc., F.R.S., F.S.A. A. Ma. A. M. Cl. {Papacy: 1087-13054 Professor of Anatomy in the University of Cambridge, and Fellow of St John's Palmistry. Formerly Resident Tutor of Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford. Joint-author of Sources Patron and Client (in part). of Roman History, 133-70 B.C. Keeper of Geology, Natural History Museum, South Kensington. Secretary of Owen, Sir Richard; New College, Oxford. Newdigate Prize, 1888. Author of Gordon in Africa; Alfred, ARTHUR WILLIAM HOLLAND. Palaeospondylus. Pater, Walter; Otto of Freising; Palatine; Formerly Scholar of St John's College, Oxford. Bacon Scholar of Gray's Inn, 1900. |