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A. W. R.

A. W. W.

B. R.

ALEXANDER WOOD RENTON, M.A., LL.B.

Puisne Judge of the Supreme Court of Ceylon. Editor of Encyclopaedia of the Laws
of England.

ADOLPHUS WILLIAM WARD, LITT.D., LL.D.

See the biographical article: WARD, A. W.

SIR BOVERTON REDWOOD, D.Sc., F.R.S. (Edin.), F.I.C., Assoc.INST.C.E.,
M.INST.M.E.

Adviser on Petroleum to the Admiralty, Home Office, India Office, Corporation of

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London, and Port of London Authority. President of the Society of Chemical Ozokerite; Paraffin.
Industry. Member of the Council of the Chemical Society. Member of Council of
Institute of Chemistry. Author of "Cantor Lectures on Petroleum; Petroleum
and its Products; Chemical Technology; &c.

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C. F. A.

CHARLES FRANCIS ATKINSON.

C. H. Ha

C. L. K.

C. R.

C. R. B.

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Formerly Scholar of Queen's College, Oxford. Captain, 1st City of London (Royal Orleans: Campaign of 1870.
Fusiliers). Author of The Wilderness and Cold Harbour.

CARLTON HUNTLEY HAYES, A.M., PH.D.

Assistant Professor of History in Columbia University, New York City. Member of
the American Historical Association.

CHARLES LETHBRIDGE KINGSFORD, M.A., F.R.HIST.S., F.S.A.

Assistant Secretary to the Board of Education. Author of Life of Henry V. Editor
of Chronicles of London; and Stow's Survey of London.
CLEMENT REID, F.R.S., F.L.S., F.G.S.

District Geologist on H.M. Geological Survey of England and Wales. Author of
Origin of the British Flora; &c. Joint-author of Pre-Glacial Flora of Britain;
Fossil Flora of Tegelen.

CHARLES RAYMOND BEAZLEY, M.A., D.LITT., F.R.G.S., F.R.HIST.S.

Professor of Modern History in the University of Birmingham. Formerly Fellow of
Merton College, Oxford, and University Lecturer in the History of Geography.
Lothian Prizeman, Oxford, 1889. Lowell Lecturer, Boston, 1908. Author of Henry
the Navigator; The Dawn of Modern Geography; &c.

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D. H.

D. H. S.

D. J. H.

DONALD FRANCIS TOVEY.

Author of Essays in Musical Analysis: comprising The Classical Concerto, The
Goldberg Variations, and analyses of many other classical works.

DAVID GEORGE HOGARTH, M.A.

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Opera; Oratorio; Overture;
Palestrina (in part).

Keeper of the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford. Fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford.
Fellow of the British Academy. Excavated at Paphos, 1888; Naucratis, 1899 Orontes; Pamphylia.
and 1903; Ephesus, 1904-1905; Assiut, 1906-1907; Director, British School at
Athens, 1897-1900. Director, Cretan Exploration Fund, 1899.

DAVID HANNAY.

Formerly British Vice-Consul at Barcelona. Author of Short History of the Royal ·
Navy; Life of Emilio Castelar; &c.

DUKINFIELD HENRY SCOTT, M.A., PH.D., LL.D., F.R.S.

Orford, Earl of (Edward

Russell);
Orleanists.

President of the Linnean Society. Author of Structural Botany; Studies in Fossil Palaeobotany: Palaeozoic.
Botany; &c.

DAVID JAMES HAMILTON, M.D., F.R.S. (Edin.) (1849-1909).

Professor of Pathology, Aberdeen University, 1882-1907. Author of Text-Book of Pathology (in part).
Pathology; &c.

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Abbot of Downside Abbey, Bath. Author of "The Lausiac History of Palladius," Olivetans; Pachomius, St. in Cambridge Texts and Studies.

EDMUND CROSBY QUIGGIN, M.A.

Fellow, Lecturer in Modern Languages, and Monro Lecturer in Celtic, Gonville and
Caius College, Cambridge.

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Patrick, St.

Ode; Ohlenschläger;
Ottava Rima; Overbury;
Paludan-Müller; Pastoral.

{Olympia (in part);

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ELLIS HOVELL MINNS, M.A.

University Lecturer in Palaeography, Cambridge. Lecturer and Assistant Librarian
at Pembroke College, Cambridge. Formerly Fellow of Pembroke College.
EDUARD MEYER, PH.D., D.LITT. (Oxon.), LL.D.

Professor of Ancient History in the University of Berlin. Author of Geschichte des
Alterthums: Geschichte des alten Aegyptens; Die Israeliten und ihre Nachbarstämme.
EDWARD MORELL HOLMES.

Curator of the Museum of the Pharmaceutical Society, London.

SIR EDWARD MAUNDE THOMPSON, G.C.B., I.S.O., D.C.L, LITT.D., LL.D.
Director and Principal Librarian, British Museum, 1898-1909. Sandars Reader in
Bibliography, Cambridge, 1895-1896. Hon. Fellow of University College, Oxford.
Correspondent of the Institute of France and of the Royal Prussian Academy of
Sciences. Author of Handbook of Greek and Latin Palaeography. Editor of
Chronicon Angliae. Joint-editor of publications of the Palaeographical Society,
the New Palaeographical Society, and of the Facsimile of the Laurentian Sophocles.
REV. EDWARD Mewburn WALKER, M.A.

Fellow, Senior Tutor and Librarian of Queen's College, Oxford.
EDMUND OWEN, M.B., F.R.C.S., LL.D., D.Sc.

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Consulting Surgeon to St Mary's Hospital, London, and to the Children's Hospital,
Great Ormond Street, London. Chevalier of the Legion of Honour. Late Examiner Ovariotomy.
in Surgery at the Universities of Cambridge, London and Durham. Author of
A Manual of Anatomy for Serior Students.
EDGAR PRESTAGE.

Special Lecturer in Portuguese Literature in the University of Manchester.
Examiner in Portuguese in the Universities of London, Manchester, &c. Com-.
mendador, Portuguese Order of S. Thiago. Corresponding Member of Lisbon
Royal Academy of Sciences, Lisbon Geographical Society; &c. Editor of Letters
of a Portuguese Nun; Azurara's Chronicle of Guinea; &c.
FREDERICK CORNWALLIS CONYBEARE, M.A., D.TH. (Giessen).

Fellow of the British Academy. Formerly Fellow of University College, Oxford.
Editor of The Ancient Armenian Texts of Aristotle. Author of Myth, Magic and
Morals; &c.

FREDERICK GYMER PARSONS, F.R.C.S., F.Z.S., F.R.ANTHROP.INST.

Vice-President, Anatomical Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Lecturer on
Anatomy at St Thomas's Hospital and the London School of Medicine for Women,
London. Formerly Hunterian Professor at the Royal College of Surgeons.
FERNAND KHNOPFF.

See the biographical article: KHNOPFF, F. E. J. M.

Oliveira Martins;

Osorio.

Paul of Samosata;
Paulicians.

Olfactory System;
Pancreas.

{Painting: Modern Belgian

F. K.

F. R. C.

FRANK R. CANA.

Author of South Africa from the Great Trek to the Union.

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F. W. R.*

Physician to Charing Cross Hospital. Pathologist to the London County Asylums. Paralysis.
Fullerian Professor of Physiology at the Royal Institution.

FREDERICK WILLIAM RUDLER, I.S.O., F.G.S.

{

Curator and Librarian of the Museum of Practical Geology, London, 1879-1902.
President of the Geologists' Association, 1887-1889.

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G. Ch.

G. C. W.

Professor of Church History, University of Freiburg-im-Breisgau, 1878-1901. Papacy: 1870-1900.
Author of Geschichte der christlichen Kunst; &c.

GEORGE ABRAHAM GRIERSON, C.I.E., PH.D., D.LITT.

Member of the Indian Civil Service, 1873-1903. In charge of Linguistic Survey

of India, 1898-1902. Gold Medallist, Royal Asiatic Society, 1909. Vice-President Pahari.

of the Royal Asiatic Society. Formerly Fellow of Calcutta University. Author of
The Languages of India; &c.

REV. GEORGE ALBERT COOKE, D.D.

Oriel Professor of the Interpretation of Holy Scripture, and Fellow of Oriel College, Palmyra.
Oxford. Canon of Rochester. Hon. Canon of St Mary's Cathedral, Edinburgh.

GERARD BALDWIN BROWN, M.A.

Professor of Fine Art, University of Edinburgh. Formerly Fellow of Brasenose Painting.
College, Oxford. Author of The Fine Arts; The Arts in Early England; &c.

GEORGE BROWN GOODE (1851-1896).

{

Assistant Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, Washington, 1887-1896. Author Oyster (in part).
of American Fishes.

GEORGE CHRYSTAL, M.A., LL.D.

Professor of Mathematics and Dean of the Faculty of Arts, Edinburgh University. Pascal (in part).
Hon. Fellow and formerly Fellow and Lecturer of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge.
GEORGE CHARLES WILLIAMSON, LITT.D.

Chevalier of the Legion of Honour. Author of Portrait Miniatures; Life of Richard
Cosway, R.A.; George Engleheart; Portrait Drawings; &c. Editor of the New
Edition of Bryan's Dictionary of Painters and Engravers.

Oliver, Isaac;
Oliver, Peter.

G. E.

G. E. C.

G. H. C.

G. Sa.

G. S. W.

H. A. B.

H. Br.

H. Ch.

H. Cl.

H. E.

H. E. R.

H. F. B.

H. F. G.

H. F. O.

H. F. P.

H. Ja.

REV. GEORGE EDMUNDSON, M.A., F.R.HIST.S.

Formerly Fellow and Tutor of Brasenose College, Oxford. Ford's Lecturer, 1909.
Hon. Member, Dutch Historical Society, and Foreign Member, Netherlands Associa-
tion of Literature.

GEORGE EARL CHURCH.

See the biographical article: CHURCH, G. E.
GEORGE HERBERT Carpenter, B.Sc.

{

Oldenbarneveldt;

Orange (House of);
Ostend Company.

Orinoco.

Professor of Zoology in the Royal College of Science, Dublin. Author of Insects: Orthoptera.
their Structure and Life.

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Formerly Scholar of Corpus Christi College, Oxford. Editor of the 11th edition of Parliament (in part).
the Encyclopaedia Britannica. Co-editor of the 10th edition.

SIR HUGH CHARLES CLIFFORD, K.C.M.G.

Colonial Secretary, Ceylon. Fellow of the Royal Colonial Institute. Formerly
Resident, Pahang. Colonial Secretary, Trinidad and Tobago, 1903-1907. Author of Pantun.
Studies in Brown Humanity; Further India, &c. Joint-author of A Dictionary of
the Malay Language.

KARL HERMANN ETHÉ, M.A., PH.D.

Professor of Oriental Languages, University College, Aberystwyth (University of
Wales). Author of Catalogue of Persian Manuscripts in the India Office Library,
London (Clarendon Press); &c.

SIR HENRY ENFIELD ROSCOE, LL.D.

See the biographical article: Roscoe, Sir Henry Enfield.

HORATIO ROBERT FORBES BROWN, LL.D.

Omar Khayyam (in part)

Pasteur.

Editor of the Calendar of Venetian State Papers, for the Public Record Office,
London. Author of Life on the Lagoons; Venetian Studies; John Addington Padua.
Symonds, a Biography; &c.

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Strickland Curator and Lecturer on Zoology in the University of Cambridge. Odontornithes.
Author of "Amphibia and Reptiles," in the Cambridge Natural History.

HENRY FAIRFIELD OSBORN, LL.D., D.Sc., F.R.S. (Edin.).

Da Costa Professor of Zoology, Columbia University, New York. President,

American Museum of Natural History, New York. Curator of Department of Palaeontology.
Vertebrate Palaeontology. Palaeontologist U.S. Geological Survey. Author of
From the Greeks to Darwin; &c.

HENRY FRANCIS PELHAM, LL.D., D.C.L.

See the biographical article: PELHAM, HENRY FRANCIS.

HENRY JACKSON, LITT.D., LL.D., O.M.

Otho, Marcus S.

Regius Professor of Greek in the University of Cambridge. Fellow of Trinity Parmenides of Elea.
College. Fellow of the British Academy. Author of Texts to illustrate the History of
Greek Philosophy from Thales to Aristotle.

HARRIET L. HENNESSY, M.D. (Brux.), L.R.C.P.I., L.R.C.S.I.

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Librarian and Fellow of Clare College, Cambridge. Reader in Scandinavian, Odin.
Cambridge University. Author of Studies on Anglo-Saxon Institutions.
HENRY NEWTON DICKSON, M.A., D.Sc., F.R.S. (Edin.), F.R.G.S.
Professor of Geography at University College, Reading. Formerly Vice-President,
Royal Meteorological Society. Lecturer in Physical Geography, Oxford. Author of
Meteorology; Elements of Weather and Climate; &c.

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J. A. F.

Curator and Librarian of the Museum of Practical Geology, London. Author of Oolite; Ordovician System;
Geology of Building Stones.

J. Bra.

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J. Bt.

JAMES BARTLETT.

Oxfordian; Palaeozoic Era.
Pastoral Staff.

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of the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge, 1889-1892. Art Director of the South Orcagna.
Kensington Museum, 1892-1896. Author of The Engraved Gems of Classical Times;
Illuminated Manuscripts in Classical and Medieval Times.

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JULIUS LEWKOWITSCH, M.A., PH.D.

Examiner to the City and Guilds of London Institute. Vice-President of Chemical
Society. Member of Council of Chemical Society; Institute of Chemistry; and
Society of Public Analysts. Author of Chemical Technology and Analysis of Oils,
Fats, and Waxes; &c.

JOHN LINTON MYRES, M.A., F.S.A., F.R.G.S.

Wykeham Professor of Ancient History in the University of Oxford and Fellow

of Magdalen College. Formerly Gladstone Professor of Greek and Lecturer in Paphos.
Ancient Geography, University of Liverpool. Lecturer of Classical Archaeology
in the University of Oxford.

JAMES MUIRHEAD, LL.D. (1831-1889).

Scotch Advocate; Professor of Civil Law in the University of Edinburgh, 1862–
1889. Author of Historical Introduction to the Private Law of Rome, and of an edition
of the Institutes of Gaius and Rules of Ulpian.

JOHN MACPHERSON, M A., M.D., M.R.C.S. (1817-1890).

Patron and Client (in part).

JOHN MALCOLM MITCHELL.

Sometime Scholar of Queen's College, Oxford. Lecturer in Classics, East London
College (University of London). Joint-editor of Grote's History of Greece.

JAMES GEORGE JOSEPH PENDEREl-Brodhurst.

Editor of the Guardian (London).

JEAN PAUL HIPPOLYTE EMMANUEL ADHÉMAR ESMEIN.

Professor of Law in the University of Paris. Officer of the Legion of Honour.
Member of the Institute of France. Author of Cours élémentaire d'histoire du droit
français; &c.

Ostracism;
Patricians.

{Pawnbroking.

Parlement..

J. V. B.

J. W. W.

JULIAN ROBERT JOHN JOCELYN.

Colonel, R.A. Formerly Member of the Ordnance Committee, Commandant,
Ordnance College, and Commandant, School of Gunnery. Author of Notes on
Tactics and Reconnaissances; &c.

Honorary Fellow of Jesus College, Oxford. Formerly Dean, Fellow, Lecturer and Parnell, Charles Stewart.
Tutor of Jesus College. Author of Peel; &c.

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Joint-author of Stanford's Europe. Formerly Editor of the Scottish Geographical
Magazine. Translator of Sven Hedin's Through Asia, Central Asia and Tibet; &c.
JOSEPH THOMAS CUNNINGHAM, M.A., F.Z.S.

Lecturer on Zoology at the South-Western Polytechnic, London. Formerly
Fellow of University College, Oxford. Assistant Professor of Natural History in
The University of Edinburgh. Naturalist to the Marine Biological Association.
THE REV. JAMES VERNON BARTLET, M.A., D.D.

Omichund;
Orme.

Odessa; Onega;

Orel; Orenburg.

Papias;

J. W. WYATT, A.M.INST.C.E.

Author of The Art of Making Paper; &c.

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LÉONCE BÉNÉDITE.

Organistrum; Pandura;
Parsifal Bell-instrument.

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Director of the Austrian Institute of Historical Studies at Rome. Professor of
History and Director of the Historical Seminary in the University of Innsbruck. Papacy: 1305-1590.
Hofrat of the Austrian Empire. Commander of the Order of Francis Joseph; &c.
Author of Geschichte der Päpste; &c. Editor of the Acta pontificum Romanorum.

LEWIS FOREMAN DAY, F.S.A. (1845-1909).

LAWRENCE JOHNSTON BURPEE.

Public Librarian of the City of Ottawa. Author of The Search for the Western Sea; Ottawa (Canada).
&c. Joint-author of Canadian Life in Town and Country; &c.

LEONARD JAMES SPENCER, M.A.

Assistant in Department of Mineralogy, British Museum. Formerly Scholar
of Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge, and Harkness Scholar. Editor of the
Mineralogical Magazine.

LEWIS RICHARD FARNELL, M.A., LITT.D.

Fellow and Senior Tutor of Exeter College, Oxford: University Lecturer in Classical
Archaeology; Wilde Lecturer in Comparative Religion. Author of Cults of Greek
States; Evolution of Religion.

RT. HON. SIR MOUNTSTUART ELPHINSTONE GRANT DUFF, G.C.S.I., F.R.S.
(1829-1906).

Oligoclase;
Olivenite; Olivine;
Orthoclase;
Parisite.

Oracle.

M.P. for the Elgin Burghs, 1857-1881. Under-Secretary of State for India, 1868-
1874. Under-Secretary of State for the Colonies, 1880-1881. Governor of Madras, Oliphant, Laurence.
1881-1886. President of the Royal Geographical Society, 1889-1893. President
of the Royal Historical Society, 1892-1899. Author of Studies in European Politics;
Notes from a Diary; &c.

MARION H. SPIELMANN, F.S.A.

Formerly Editor of the Magazine of Art. Member of Fine Art Committee of Inter-
national Exhibitions of Brussels, Paris, Buenos Aires, Rome and the Franco-
British Exhibition, London. Author of History of "Punch"; British Portrait
Painting to the Opening of the Nineteenth Century; Works of G. F. Watts, R.A.;
British Sculpture and Sculptors of To-day; Henriette Ronner; &c.
MORRIS JASTROW, PH.D.

Painting: Recent British;
Pastel.

Professor of Semitic Languages, University of Pennsylvania. Author of Religion Omen.
of the Babylonians and Assyrians; &c.

SIR MANCHERJEE MERWANJEE BHOWNAGGREE.

Fellow of Bombay University. M.P. for N.-E. Bethnal Green, 1895-1906. Author Patel.

of History of the Constitution of the East India Company; &c.

MARCUS NIEBUHR TOD, M.A.

Fellow and Tutor of Oriel College, Oxford. University Lecturer in Epigraphy. Pausanias: Commander:
Joint-author of Catalogue of the Sparta Museum.

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