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MOULINEAUX, Seine-Inférieure. Église This single-aisled edifice dates from the XIII century. (Benoist I, 32.)

SURY-EN-VAUX, Cher. St. Etienne. Notwithstanding recent restorations, the ancient single-aisled nave, probably of the XV century, and the southern lateral tower of the XIII century are still recognizable. (De Kersers VII, 83.)

NEUVILLE-FERRIÈRES, Seine-Inférieure. Eglise. The choir and a portion of the nave are of the XIII century. (De la Balle.)

CLÉRISTOT, Calvados. Église. The vaulted choir is said to be of the first half of the XIII century. (Benoist III, 39.)

CLÉVILLE, Calvados. Église. Certain portions date from the XIII and XIV centuries, it is said.

FLEURY, Manche. Église is said to be "large and elegant." (Benoist V, 38.) LURY, Cher. Église. The only surviving portions are the rectangular ribvaulted choir and the tower, which are to-day desecrated. The choir is assigned to the XIV century. (De Kersers V, 232.)

CHÂLIS, Seine-et-Oise. Abbaye. Of the Cistercian church there remain only a few fragments of the choir and north transept. The latter was polygonal in plan. (Gonse.)

MAILLY-CHÂTEAU, Yonne. Eglise. Above the portal on the façade is an open gallery of the XIII century. The columns rest on pedestals, in front of which stand statues. (Petit.)

MAISY, Calvados. Église. The vault is modern, but the edifice contains some interesting fragments of XIV century architecture. (Benoist.)

ST. GILLES, Manche. Église of the early Gothic period, is said to have been rebuilt in the XV century.

VIEUX-PONT, Orne. St. Hilaire. The choir, which dates mainly from the XIV century, was repaired in 1525. (De la Balle.)

ST.-PIERRE-DU-LOROUER. Sarthe. Église contains mural paintings of

the XIII century.

VORGES, Aisne. Église is a fortified edifice dating, it is said, from the XII to

the XIV centuries.

AGNEAUX, Manche. Chapelle is of the XIII century.

CAGNY, Calvados. St. Germain contains some fine details of the XIV century. (Benoist.)

ST. ÉVROULT, Orne. Prieuré. Fragments of this famous edifice, which originally consisted of a nave, two side aisles, transepts, a central tower, and a rectangular choir, still survive, and show the style of the best period of the XIII century. In 1791 the central tower collapsed, ruining the transepts, which were replaced by the present flat wall. There were formerly lancet windows in the clearstory, but there never were any flying buttresses. (De la Balle; Benoist IV, 20.)

SEVRY, Cher. Église. There remain only the walls of the choir. This had a square east end, was rib-vaulted, and dated from the XIII century. (De Kersers VI, 336.)

CERLANGUES, Seine-Inférieure. Église is remarkable for its spire. (Benoist.) CLAIRETS, Orne. Abbaye. This edifice, now in ruins, was erected at the commencement of the XIII century by the counts of Perche, according to Benoist. LAVERDINES, Cher. Église. Some of the piers of this ruined edifice of the XIII century still stand.

MOTTEVILLE-LES-DEUX-CLOCHERS, Seine-Inférieure. Église. The choir is the only portion of the edifice that still retains something of its character of the XIII century.

NEUVRE-LYRE, Eure. Église. The tower is of the XIII century. (Benoist.) PRÉAUX, Calvados. St. Séver. This church of the XIII and XIV centuries contains some good details. (De Caumont.)

BOURGUEBUS, Calvados. Église is said to be early Gothic in style.
BRANVILLE, Calvados. Église is of the XIII century.

BREUIL, Calvados. Église. The main body of the church is of the XIII century, but the porch before the main portal is flamboyant. (Benoist III, 70.) BROURAY, Calvados. Église is of the XIII and XIV centuries. (Benoist.) CROULTES, Orne. Prieuré. The conventual buildings of the XIV century are still intact, but are of small importance. (De la Balle.)

ÉCARDENVILLE-LA-CAMPAGNE, Eure. Église. The rectangular nave of the XIII century was much altered in the XVI century and in modern times. The tower has been destroyed. (De la Balle.)

MARTIGNY, Calvados. Église seems to date from the second half of the XII

century.

LE-PLESSIS-STE.-OPPORTUNE, Eure. Église. The square tower is of the first half of the XIII century. (De la Balle.)

ROCQUES, Calvados. Église. The most ancient portions are of the XIII century, the porch is of the XVI century.

ST.-LAURENT-SUR-MER, Calvados. Église of the XIII century is a very simple structure. (Benoist.)

ST.-VICTOR-ABBAYE, Seine-Inférieure. Abbaye. Some fragments of the important church of the XIII century have been embedded in the present edifice, and the ancient chapter-house of the XII century is also extant. The latter is square in plan. (Benoist.)

AUBRI, Orne. Eglise is in ruins.

BRETTEVILLE, Calvados. Notre Dame seems to date from the XIII and

XV centuries. (Benoist II, 31.)

BELLÊME, Orne. Prieuré St. Martin. The slate spire and a few other fragments of XIII century architecture survive. (Benoist.)

HAUTE-CHAPELLE, Orne. Eglise contains fragments of XIII century architecture embedded in the modern edifice. (Benoist.)

MORTAGNE, Orne. Église de l'Hôpital contains fine Gothic windows filled with the original glass. (Benoist.)

NEUILLY-LE-MALHERBE, Calvados. Église of little interest, dates per

haps from the XIII century. (De Caumont.)

NOIRLAC, Cher. Abbaye. The church is said to be well preserved.

ST.-RÉMY-DU-PLAIN, Sarthe. Église is of the XIV and XVI centuries.
SORENG, Somme. Église dates from several different epochs. (Darsy.)
VERRON, Sarthe. Église is a much ruined and very forlorn edifice. The

nave is supplied with three chapels. (De la Bouillerie.)

VIELLES, Eure. Église. Of this desecrated edifice the three aisles and a ruined tower survive.

BARLIEU, Cher. Église has been almost entirely modernized. (De Kersers VII, 244.)

LA POUPELIÈRE, Orne. Chapelle du Château dates perhaps from the early years of the XIV century. (De la Balle.)

SEPT-VENTS, Calvados. Prieuré contains interesting details. (Benoist.)
VALMERAY, Calvados. Église. Only the tower survives. (Benoist III, 33.)
AUDRIEU, Calvados. Chapelle is of the XIII or XIV century. (Benoist.)
CRÈVECOEUR, Orne. Chapelle.

LUGNY-CHAMPAGNE, Cher. Église. The polygonal apse and the singleaisle nave have been recently vaulted and otherwise much modernized. (De Kersers VI, 307.)

QUESNAY, Calvados. Église is an example of the style of the early Gothic period. (Benoist.)

TOURY, Eure-et-Loire. Église is of the XIII century.

LA CHALLERIE, Orne. Chapelle. The two windows are pointed. (Be

noist.)

COUDRES, Eure. Prieuré. This chapel is still in tolerable preservation. COULOMBS, Calvados. Église contains some fragments of XIII century architecture. (Benoist.)

IVRY-LA-BATAILLE, Eure. Abbaye. Of the ancient church there survives only a single portal whose jambs and voussoirs are adorned with statues of saints and of angels. (De la Balle.)

LAUNAY, Calvados. Église is of the XIII century. (Benoist.)

PERRIÈRES, Calvados. Église is in part of the XIII century. (Benoist.)
PIERREFITTE, Calvados. Église is of the XIII century.

LES PONTS, Manche. Église is of various different epochs.

STE.-HONORINE-DU-FAY, Calvados. Église. The nave is of the XIII century, the choir is modern. (De Caumont.)

TORTEVAL, Calvados. Prieuré. Picturesque ruins of the chapel still survive. (Benoist.)

VARAVILLE, Calvados. Église. Some portions are of the XIII century.
BAGNOLLES-LES-BAINS, Orne. Chapelle de Lignoux is of unknown date.
COUTERNE, Orne. Église is of no interest. (De la Balle.)

ÉTERVILLE, Calvados. Église is for the most part modern, but contains some

fragments of XIII century architecture. (De Caumont.)

FRENOUVILLE, Calvados. Église is early Gothic in style, it is said.

GUERBIGNY, Somme. Église is of the XIII century.

MONTS, Calvados. Église is of the XIII century.

MOUTIERS-EN-AUGE, Calvados. Two Churches.

RAYMOND, Cher. Église. Portions of the walls are of the XIII century.

(De Kersers IV, 134.)

ROUVILLE, Calvados. Abbaye is completely ruined.

ST.-JEAN-DU-CORAIL, Manche. Église has triangular transepts. (Be

noist.)

VACOGNES, Calvados. Église is perhaps of the XIII century. (De Cau

mont.)

MAIZET, Calvados. Église. A portion of the nave and the choir are of the XIII century. (De Caumont.)

MONDRAINVILLE, Calvados. Église is said to be of the XIII century.
MT.-ARGIS, Calvados. Chapelle. Some ruins of the XIII century survive.

(Benoist.)

Other monuments in whole or in part of the Gothic period exist at, AUMÂTRE, Somme; BLOUTIÈRE, Manche; BREUVILLE, Manche; CHÂLIS, Oise; CHICHEBOVILLE, Calvados; COMMEAUX, Orne; CONDE-SUR-ITON, Eure; DEMOUVILLE, Calvados; DRAGEY, Manche; FOURNEAUX, Calvados; FRANCHEVILLE, Eure; FRETTEMEULE, Somme; HARCELAINE, Somme; JUVIGNI-SOUS-ANDAINE, Orne; MARTINVILLE, Calvados; MESNIL-GLAISE, Orne; MOIDREZ, Manche; MONTAUEL, Manche; MONTHIÈRES, Somme; MORTEAUX, Calvados; OUILLY-LE-BASSET, Calvados; RÉMALARD, Orne; ST.-ANTOINE-DE-ROCHEFORT, Sarthe; ST. CLAIR, Seine-Inférieure; ST.-JEAN-DE-LA-HAISE, Manche; STE.-MARGUERITEDE-L'AUTEL, Eure; ST.-OUEN-D'ATHEZ, Eure; TEURTÉVILLE-BOCAGE, Manche; TILLY, Eure; TRANSLAY, Somme; TREPEREL, Calvados; VERGIES, Somme; VILLEDIEU-LES-BAILLEUL, Orne; WITAIN-ÉGLISE, Somme.

CHAPTER X

T

THE FLAMBOYANT STYLE

HE origins of the flamboyant style are lost in obscurity. Born in the darkest hour of the Hundred Years' War a period so absorbed in its own material miseries that it has but seldom recorded such fitful architectural activity as existed

and singularly neglected by archaeologists always preocсиpied with the problems of an earlier age, the last phase of medieval art has left but few traces of its beginnings. Furthermore, paradoxical as it may seem, flamboyant architecture came into being at a moment when building activity in France especially in those northern and western portions exposed to constant desolation in the course of the wars - was almost totally suspended. We know that architecture entered upon the last half of the XIV century Gothic, that it emerged flamboyant; but of the process of transformation it is possible to gather but singularly few details.

Such facts as are known, are furnished chiefly by the abbey church of St. Satur, an authentically dated monument of 1361-67 and practically the only important extant example of the style of the last half of the XIV century. St. Satur (Ill. 235) is Gothic, not flamboyant; but it is Gothic of the last phase, already well started on the primrose path which the new style was destined to follow. The window tracery is still geometrical, but is evidently on the verge of assuming flowing forms. In the system the engaged colonnettes so characteristic of the style of the XIII century remain, but so increased in number and diminished in size, that they seem to possess a new character, while the pier spaces between, formerly smooth and cylindrical, are now covered with mouldings which show unmistakable tendencies to become prismatic and continuous. The capitals, instead of

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