drink to all them that unfeignedly love the gospel of Jesus Christ, and wish for the abolishment of papistry." Some of the women bystanders drank with her, and were afterwards enjoined penance for thus "pledging her." When she was chained to the stake she was "well coloured" in her face, and the beholders looked with pity upon her. "When the fire was set upon her she neither struggled nor stirred, but only lifted up her hands toward heaven, being dead very speedily; for the under-sheriff, at the request of her friends, had provided such stuff by which she was suddenly despatched out of this miserable world."

The sheriff of Lichfield, in 1557, was Robert Ensdale, and as the election was at Michaelmas, it may be that the sheriff who refused to act was his predecessor, Nicholas Byrd (Harwood's History of Lichfield). This is rather confirmed by the fact that the martyrdom is entered under the month of August, 1557, in the "Register" of Thomas Bryce, who, however, is mistaken in the name of the sufferer (Farr's Elizabethan Poetry, p. 171). He says:

When Joyce Bowes at Lichefield died,
Continuing constant in the fier;

When tired faith was truely tried,

Haveing her iuste and long desier;

When she with others were put to death,

We wishte for our Elizabeth.

Clement Cotton in his "Mirrour of Martyrs," however, says "it is like to be Sheriffe Hopkins to whom Master Bradford writes, being afterwards a prisoner in the Fleet." One of the illustrations of the Historien der Martelaren of J. Gysius (Dordrecht, 1657) represents the execution of Joyce Lewes, of Manchester. Fuller has a characteristic reference to Bishop Bayne, who had been professor of Hebrew at Paris, and wrote a commentary on the Proverbs. 'Sure I am," says Fuller," that he forgot a passage of Solomon's therein : 'But he that hath mercy on the poor, happy is he' (Proverbs

xiv. 21)—this Baynes making a bloody persecutor of God's poor servants within his jurisdiction. The genteel birth and breeding of Mrs. Joyce Lewes was not too high for him to reach at, and the poor condition of Joan Wast, a blind woman in Derby, was not too low for him to stoop to, condemning them both to death, with many other faithful witnesses of the truth" (Fuller's Church History, ii. 397). The Rev. B. Richings identified the house in which Mrs. Lewes lived in Lichfield (Narrative of the Persecution of two Martyrs, Robert Glover and Mrs. Lewis, of Mancetter; also Sibree and Caston's Independency in Warwickshire, 1855). The Rev. W. Beresford, who calls her Mrs. Lewis, states that she was the daughter of Sir Thomas Curzon, of Croxall, and the niece of Bishop Latimer (Diocesan History of Lichfield, p. 218). These alone would make it sufficiently dispose of any idea that Joyce Lewes was of Lancashire birth, and it is equally certain that she was not connected with the county by marriage. Thomas Lewes was of Mancetter, not of Manchester. It is not the only time that the two places have been confounded. On referring to the earliest editions of the Book of Martyrs-those of 1562, 1583, and 1641-it will be seen that the martyr is distinctly said to have been of Mancetter. The change to Manchester must have been early made, for the name of that place is given both by Gysius and Cotton. If Manchester cannot claim Joyce Lewes as one of its worthies, it can at all events disclaim any inheritance in Thomas Lewes, who consigned his wife to the prison and the stake.

MONUMENTAL EFFIGY AT BAGULEY

HALL.

BY JAMES CROSTON, F.S.A.

OME twenty years ago, or thereabouts, while on a visit

SOME

at Carrington, in Cheshire, my attention was called by Mr. Leigh, the officer of health for Manchester, to a mutilated effigy affixed to a wall in the garden of a house at Millbank, Partington. An examination showed that it was the figure of a warrior, and that it had probably been removed from an altar tomb, or some similar sepulchral memorial. On inquiry, I was told that nothing was known of its history, except that it was believed by its then possessor to have been removed from some neighbouring church many years previously, and that having been thrown aside as worthless, while some repairs or alterations were being made, it was obtained for a trifling sum by one of his ancestors, and placed in the position in which I saw it.

The figure, which is attached to a solid stone slab, is sculptured in full relief, and represents a knight, life size, and habited in full military costume, in the attitude of repose, with the hands conjoined upon the breast as if in supplication

That men might know that while he dide he praid. The features are very rudely delineated, but in other respects the composition is boldly executed; and, excepting