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To form the rosettes, take a piece of silk, on which thread a bead, make a slip-knot, and bring the bead in the centre, leaving the loop and short end; then pass the needle under the centre of one of the stars where the silk is crossed, 8 times, pass the needle through the loop, holding the short end down, and pull the knot tight; then commence working round by passing the needle round one thread of silk and under the second; then pass it round the second and under the third; repeat this nine times, and fasten off by passing the needle up one of the ribs, but do not cut the silk off close until the purse is taken off the card. The half rosettes which are at the top and bottom of the purse are worked in the same way, only instead of being round are worked backwards and forwards and without a bead. When finished, slip the purse carefully off the card, and take hold of a bead and slip the silk down so as to make the rosettes stand up in little points. When they are all done in this manner, cut off all the ends of silk close, work a row of double crochet at the top, and sew on the rings, draw with quick strings of cord with tassels, and draw up the bottom and sew on a tassel.

The purse will also look very pretty made in black silk with gold beads, and lined with goldcolored silk. The cord and tassels should match.

Ox a foundation do six stitches; close it into a round by doing two stitches in the first; then the same in every one of the others. There will now be six short and six long stitches in

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NETTED HAND SCREENS.

Materials.-Skeins of blue silk, ten skeins gold thread, a half skein of claret and cerise silk, one and a half yards of blue silk fringe, three yards of fancy cord to match (or, what looks still better, half the quantity of each of two different kinds). Frames, satin, and passementerie handles. Use a steel mesh, and a fine netting-needle.

the round. Do two stitches in every short stitch and one in every long one in the next round. There will still be only six short, but twelve long. In this way you will continue to increase, by invariably working two in every

small stitch, until there are 30 in each of the six sides, when three or four rounds, without any increase, will probably suffice to fit the

frame.

When both the foundations are done, stretch them on a piece of toile ciré, and darn them according to the design in the engraving. The gold thread is used for all those parts which are represented as perfectly white: a line is darued on each side of the close line, so that the radiating bars of the hexagon are double. The open diamonds and small spots are in cerise, and the rest of the pattern in claret.

To make up the screen, cover the frame on both sides with satin, of the same color as the netting, which stretch over one side, and sew it round the edge. Add the fringe and cords, and fasten on the handles with gilt screws. Of course the colors of the screens may be varied to correspond with any style of furniture.

SCENT SACHET.

(See engraving, page 434.)

THESE elegant little articles of taste and perfume furnish one of the most tasteful means that can well be imagined of scenting a lady's drawers of linen, or of dress. They take little space, cannot well be injured in their appearance, are extremely durable, and not at all difficult to manufacture.

The foundation of the sachet is made of two squares of white-sampler canvas: on these the design given in our illustration is to be worked in two sorts of beads-the one transparent white, the other of gold, which ought to be of

the best quality, as the inferior sorts invariably tarnish in a short time. The white are, of course, for the ground, the gold for the pattern. The beads are put on in rows with a single stitch, counting each in our illustration, and requiring all the regularity of marking. When the two squares are thus worked, they must be sewn together with a bead on each stitch, which not only makes a pretty edge, but also conceals the canvas thread. Before closing the last side, a little cotton wool must be introduced, on which a few drops of essence have been sprinkled. The choice among the various perfumes must rest with the lady worker. Either verbena, or jasmine, are very refined scents, and just now they are also fashionable. Musk is almost imperishable, but as some persons have an objection to its odor, we merely mention without recommending it. Ottar of roses has also the disadvantage of becoming extremely disagreeable in its decline, when its first delicious fragrance has passed away.

The sachet being thus far completed, it only remains to attach the fringe, which consists of a loop of beads carried all round. This fringe may be varied according to taste. It may consist of alternate white and gold beads, of white with a few gold beads introduced into the centre of the loop, or of white with a mixture of turquoise blue, or ruby, or emerald green. Of course we give some preference to the gold, but the others are only of very slight extremes, and yet look extremely well.

These sachets make very pretty presents, and are not great undertakings for young ladies who have a pleasure in making kind offerings to affectionate friends.

EMBROIDERY FOR A SHIRT BOSOM.

BRAIDING FOr a little bOY'S SUMMER blouse.

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Materials. An oval brown wicker basket; a strip of sky-blue cashmere; a strip of scarlet cashmere; a few pieces of black cloth; one dozen small shells; four rows of gold beads; some straw trimming; a skein of white purse silk.

There are many ways of trimming and ornamenting work-baskets, but we know of nothing so new and uncommon as the small Venetian shells, which are threaded and secured to the wicker, and which give a very pretty finish to these useful little articles. Any shaped basket may be trimmed like the one shown in our illustration; and any size may be selected, according to the purpose for which the basket is intended. Our model, being of a long shape, is especially adapted for a knitting-basket; but, if fitted with silk pockets for holding reels of cotton, would answer nicely for a work-basket. The trimming before us consists of strips of scarlet and blue cashmere, pinked at the edges, and embroidered in white purse silk. Pieces of black cloth are placed at intervals round the basket, on which the little shells are sewn, ornamented with a row of gold beads. The bottom row of cashmere, which is scarlet, must be embroidered in small dots on each scallop, and then tacked on the basket, ornamenting the top with a straw beading also tacked on, making the large stitches come on the inside of the basket. The tabs of black cloth must now be sewn on at regular distances round the basket, and a shell put on each tab, bordered by a ring of gold beads caught down. The bottom of the

tab on which the shell is placed reaches to the centre of the scarlet cashmere. The upper row of blue cashmere is embroidered and put on in the same manner as the red, and is likewise finished off with a straw beading. The inside of the basket may be lined as fancy dictates, with quilted or plain silk, either blue or scarlet, and ornamented round the top with a ruche of satin ribbon. A quilted cover with a ruche round it may also be made to cover over the basket, which gives it a neat appearance when it is filled with work, and, besides, keeps the work free from dust.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR KNITTED MITTENS AND CUFFS.

LADIES' MITTENS IN BERLIN WOOL.

Military scarlet, bright apple green, and dark hair brown. In long lengths, if possible. Three pins, 16 or 18. Brown sewing silk. Cast on sixty, sixty-two, to sixty-four stitches, according to size; we will suppose it to be sixty stitches. Cast on sixty stitches in scarlet.

1st row-Knit across in plain knitting, and in going back knit in open work; that is, by putting the wool forward and taking two stitches together.

2d, 3d, and 4th-Brown. Plain knitting. 5th-Green. Knit across in plain, and back in open work, as before.

6th, 7th, and 8th-Brown. Plain knitting.

9th-Scarlet. Across in plain, and back in open work.

10th, 11th, and 12th-Brown. Plain knitting, increasing one stitch on the left hand side, in the front of the work in the last stitch but one in the 11th and 12th rows.

13th-Green. Across in plain knitting, and back in open work, as before.

14th, 15th, and 16th-Brown. Plain knitting, increasing one on the left, as before, in the 15th and 16th rows.

17th-Scarlet. Across in plain, and back in open work, as before.

18th, 19th, and 20th-Brown. Plain knitting, increasing one as before, in the 19th and 20th

rows.

21st-Green. Across in plain, and back in open work.

22d, 23d, and 24th-Brown. Plain knitting, increasing one, as before, in each of the last two

rows.

25th-Scarlet. Across in plain, and back in open work.

26th, 27th, and 28th-Brown. Plain knitting. increasing one, as above, in each of the last two

rows.

29th-Green. Across in plain, and back in open work.

30th, 31st, and 32d-Brown. Plain knitting. increasing one, as before, in each of the last two

rows.

33d-Scarlet. Across in plain, and back in open work.

34th-Brown. Plain knitting, increasing one. 35th-Brown. Plainly knit twenty stitches only on the right hand side (for the thumb) turning back at the twentieth, and leaving the remaining stitches on the pin, which will afterwards form the hand. With a third pin knit the 36th-Brown. Plain knitting.

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37th-Green. Across in plain, and back in open work.

38th, 39th, and 40th-Brown. Plain knitting. 41st-Scarlet. Across in plain, and back in open work.

42d, 43, and 44th-Brown. Plain knitting. 45th-Green. Across in plain knitting, and back in open work.

46th-Scarlet. Across in plain, and back in open work. Cast off the twenty stitches loosely, and return to the thirty-fifth row, beginning at the right hand side.

35th and 36th-Brown. Plain knitting, increasing one, as before, in each row.

37th-Green. Across in plain knitting, and back in open work, as before, without increasing. 38th, 39th, and 40th-Brown. Plain knitting, increasing one, as above, in the 39th, and two in the 40th rows. (There should now be fiftyeight stitches.)*

41st-Scarlet. Across plainly, and back in open work.

42d, 43d, and 44th-Brown. Plain knitting, increasing one, as before, in the 42d and 43d

rows.

45th-Green. Across in plain, and back in open work.

46th-Scarlet. Across in plain, and back in open work.

Cast off loosely, and make the other mitten as previously directed. To be neatly drawn together with brown sewing silk, care being taken that the lines exactly meet. Where preferred, the above can be made in brown, with red (open-worked) lines only, omitting the green. Or in black, with scarlet open lines, following the same pattern in all other respects. * Where a stitch is to be added, and the previous row is of a different color, the best way is by knitting a stitch twice over; that is, first at the back, and then at the front.

EMBROIDERY FOR AN INFANT'S SKIRT.

BORDER FOR A POCKET HANDKERCHIEF.

Receipts, &c.

THE MANAGEMENT OF THE HAIR, EYES, TEETH, AND EXTREMITIES.

MANAGEMENT OF THE TEETH AND GUMS.

THE teeth and gums together form a very important organ for the mechanical division of our food, and, being constantly called into play at the time of taking it, eught to be kept in good order, for the purpose to which it is designed. The teeth are commonly considered to be parts of the bones of the body, but this is not the fact, either in man or in the lower animals, in many of which last they are mere scales attached to the mucous membrane of the mouth. Indeed, this is plainly the case in the teeth of man also, as will be seen if their formation and development are carefully examined in the condition of the embryo, which will be hereafter alluded to; prior to this, however, it is necessary to ascertain of what materials the tooth, as existing in the adult, is composed.

Each tooth is divisible into-1st, a crown, apparent above the gum; 24, a constricted portion round the base of the crown, called the neck; and, 3d, of a root or fang, which is contained within the socket. This root is covered with periosteum, which also serves as a lining to the socket, and connects the two together. The base of the crown is hollowed in the interior into a small cavity, which is a continuation of the fine canal running along the centre of each fang. This cavity, with the canal, contains a soft vascular organ, the pulp, which receives its supply of blood vessels and nerves through the small opening at the apex of each root. Each tooth is composed of three distinct structures: 1st, ivory, dentine, or tooth bone; 2d, enamel; and, 3d, a cortical substance called cementum. When examined in a microscope, the ivory appears to consist of very minute tapering and branching fibres, imbedded in a dense, homogeneous, inter-fibrous substance, commencing from the cavity, and radiating towards the circumference. The enamel forms a crust over the whole exposed surface of the crown, and gradually becomes thinner as it approaches the neck. It is composed of minute crystalline fibres, of a hexagonal form, with a direction extending from the ivory upon which they rest towards the free circumference. The quantity of animal matter in the enamel of the adult is extremely small, not exceeding two in one hundred parts. The ninety-eight mineral parts consist chiefly of phosphate of lime, with a small proportion of carbonate of lime, and a still smaller of phosphate of magnesia. Lastly, the cementum has the character of true bone; but in the human tooth it exists as a very thin layer, enveloping the root of the tooth, and commencing near the termination of the cap of enamel, and it is the part which is enlarged and thickened when the faugs become diseased.

The tooth is developed within an inclosure or capsule, which at one period completely covers it. A papilla is first formed, from which the dentine takes its rise; and between this and the inner surface of the capsule a layer of thin membrane is formed, which ultimately becomes converted into enamel, whilst the cementum is nothing more than the capsule itself, converted into bone by the deposition of lime in its meshes. The various stages of this development must, however, be studied as they occur before birth. At about the seventh week of embryonic existence the dental papillae begin to

make their appearance upon the mucous membrane covering the bottom of a deep, narrow groove that runs along the edge of the jaw; and during the tenth week processes, from the sides of this "primitive dental groove," particularly the external one, begin to approach one another so as to divide it by their meeting into a series of open follicles, at the bottom of which papillæ may still be seen. At the thirteenth week all the follicles being completed, the papillæ (at first round, blunt masses of cells) begin to assume forms more characteristic of the teeth which are to be developed from them, and by their rapid growth they protrude from the mouths of the follicles at the same time the edges of the follicles are lengthened into little valve-like processes, or opercula, which are destined to meet and form covers for the follicles. There are two of these opercula in the incisive follicles, three for the canines and four or five for the molars. By the fourteenth week the two lips of the dental groove meet over the mouths of the follicles, so as completely to inclose each papilla in a distinct capsule. At this period, before the calcification of the primitive pulps commences, a provision is made for the production of the second or permanent molars, where capsules originate in buds or offsets from the upper part of the capsules of the temporary or milk teeth. These offsets are in the condition of open follicles, communicating with the cavity of the primitive tooth; but they are gradually closed in and detached altogether from the capsules of the milk teeth. Soon after the closure of the follicles of the milk teeth, the conversion of the cells of the original papilla into dentine commences, according to the method already described. Whilst this is going on, the follicles increase in size, so that a considerable space is left between their inner walls and the surface of the dental papille, which space is filled up with a gelatinous granular matter, the pulp destined to become enamel; but this conversion, and the ossification of the capsule to form the cementum, take place at a later period. All the permanent teeth, which are destined to replace the milk teeth, originating in the above mode, by offshoots from the capsules of the former, there remains to consider the method adopted by nature in the formation of those which are not thus preceded by milk teeth. The first of these is found to be developed like a milk tooth, while the next is an offset from that, just as the permanent teeth are produced from the capsules of milk teeth; and, again, the last tooth is formed in an exactly similar way from this third molar, each of these teeth appearing at a considerable interval of time from its predecessor.

The permanent teeth consist of three distinct varieties in shape: 1st, the incisors, or cutting teeth, being in man four above and four below; 21, the canine, scarcely distinguishable from incisors, and being two above and two below; next to them come the bicuspids, four above a: d four below; and beyond these again are the molars, six above and six below. But in the milk teeth the arrangement varies in some measure, the incisors and canines being in number and arrangement the same, but the place of the bicuspids being occupied by two molars, each of which has four tubercles. The permanent molars are not preceded by milk teeth.

After the closure of the capsule, the gum is also closed over it so as to form a continuous mucous surface, with a dense fibrous membrane beneath, so that the tooth, as it becomes developed, has to rise through this before it becomes apparent. The process by which this is accomplished is called absorption, inasmuch as the

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