NAMES FOR MARKING.

Douise

Laura

JERUSALEM.

But to Mount Zion we are come,

The city of the living God.-MONTGOMERY.
Now shall thy house be desolate,

Thy glory now shall close;
Nor leave one trace of ruined state,
To tell where Salem rose.-DALE.

A RESIDENCE in Jerusalem has something very peculiar in its associations-it is so different from other cities, so motionless, so gloomy and dispiriting, so silent and forsaken, that it appears more like a city of the dead than one having such a vast population.

Every spot has its tale-each rock its tradition. This pool, or that tomb, are both rendered memorable by some historical event, and the very trees share in the veneration with which everything connected with the Holy City is held.

If you want amusement, it is not to be found -unless a little more bustle than usual in the bazaars, which are generally crowded, will satisfy you. Perhaps a ramble to Bethlehem, or a lounge in the cafés, may please you; but, despite all your endeavors, there is no possibility of being amused in the city. When any travellers arrive they are weary, and seem to partake of the spirit of the place, so that you are obliged to retreat to your hotel, and dream away the hours of evening amid clouds of tobacco-smoke and dismal domestics. If you rise from your divan and take a turn upon the roof of the house, you have not grand mountains to gaze upon, such as Gaspar Poussin loved to paint, nor glorious sunsets, with the golden vistas of Claude, that are to be seen elsewhere-as on the coast of Syria, or even Palestine. There are no Ostade-looking interiors, or Teniers-like hovels, to gaze upon in VOL. LXIV.-44

this city. Pleasing recollections of the paintings of Rembrandt, Murillo, Guido, Leonardo da Vinci, Michael Angelo, and Raphael, come crowding into the mind, associated with the poetical effusions of Heber, Tasso, Dale, Millman, Montgomery, Roscoe, and Knox; and as your eyes wander from dome to minaret, and from vale to mount, and from ruined wall to stunted tree, the queen of night casts her placid light on yon rugged hills and castled steep, and

"All height, depth, wildness, grandeur, gloom below, Touched by the smile, lone moon! in one wild splendor grow."

The morning mists are fast scattered by the fierce sun that pours his scorching rays upon this unhappy city; the air you breathe is as suffocating as that of an iron foundry; no eddying wind refreshes your parching skin as it sweeps along the streets; the inhabitants walk with listless step to pursue their daily labors, and salute each other only by gesture, for their very nature seems crushed, and their affections dried up.

If we enter the streets they are narrow, wretched, frequently unpaved, and almost deserted.

"Alas, Jerusalem each spacious street

Was once so filled, the numerous throng
Was forced to jostle as they pass'd along,
And thousands did with thousands meet."

The houses are dirty, irregularly-built square masses, some with domes, and some with flat roofs; and the shops are gloomy-looking squalid places, where ugly and ferocious-looking men smoke away the tedious hours. Silence reigns almost supreme, unless it be during the time the city is inundated by pilgrims.

The population of Jerusalem is very fluctuat537

ing, owing to the presence of pilgrims at certain periods of the year, and travellers, who only remain a short time, hundreds arriving and departing in a day. The estimate given by various authors exhibits a wide difference. Thus, we find it is calculated by Wilde to be 30,000; by Turner, 26,000; by Salzbacher 25,000; Richardson and Joliffe, 20,000; Scholz and Mr. Robinson, 18,000; Jowett, 15,000; Warburton, 12,000; Dr. Robinson, 11,500; and Buckingham, 10,000. My own impression is, that it is about 12,000, as a resident population.

If it is asked how such accounts vary, I would merely remark that it is because there are not any official documents accessible to travellers; that the required information must be obtained from residents, who may or may not be inclined to exaggerate; that the casual population is liable to large additions at certain seasons; that epidemics have reduced the numbers at other periods; that the informants themselves are frequently prejudiced; and finally, that some have included the garrison and foreigners. Mr. Wilde's information was obtained from the Latins and Jewish rabbis; Dr. Richardson's from a Turk; Mr. Joliffe's from a Christian; and Mr. Buckingham's from a Jew.

It is better to consider the population as two classes: 1, The residents; and 2, The partial residents, or foreigners.

The resident population consists of-1, Jews; 2, Mohammedans; and 3, Christians. The last class is again subdivided into Greeks, Latins, and Armenians.

The Jews have been variously estimated from 3,000 to 10,000. Dr. Richardson gives their supposed numbers as 10,000; Wilde, 8,000; Mr. Nicolayson, 6,000 or 7,000; Mr. Young, late British consul at Jerusalem, 5,000 or 6,000; Lord Nugent, 4,000; Joliffe, 3,000 to 4,000; Warburton, 3,500; and Dr. Robinson, 3,000. It is well known, by those who have taken any trouble about the matter, that the Jews do not like to give their true numbers, which may arise from a Turkish law forbidding more than 2,000 Jews to reside within the walls; and, therefore, as Mr. Nicolayson and Mr. Young have both had excellent opportunities of investigating the subject, we may fix the number at about 6,000.

The Mohammedans consist of Turks from Asia Minor; descendants of Turks by blood, but Arabians by birth; a mixed race of Turkish and Arabian blood; and pure Syrian Arabs. They are computed by Joliffe at 13,000; Lord Nugent at 12,000; Wilde at 10,000; Dr. Richardson at 5,000; Dr. Robinson at 4,500; and

Warburton at 4,000. My own opinion is that they average, in round numbers, about 5,000. The Christians exhibit a very medley group of creeds, for we find Greeks amounting, according to Joliffe, to 2,000, while Dr. Robinson only makes their number 460; Latins, estimated by Joliffe at 800, and Dr. Robinson at 260; and Armenians reckoned by Joliffe at 400, and Dr. Robinson at 130. To these we may add Copts, Abyssinians, Maronites, native Christian Arabs, Druses, Metawelis, and Syrian Christians.

The partial residents, or foreigners, consist of people from nearly every country, and may be calculated, in round numbers, at from 4,000 to 9,000. The fluctuation of the partial residents is very considerable, on account of the great numbers of pilgrims that are annually shipped to Jaffa, and travel thence to the Holy City. It is affirmed that upwards of 30,000 pilgrims visit Jerusalem every Easter.

The glory of Jerusalem has, indeed, departed; for when Titus besieged the city, the number of the Jews was 1,300,000, and the Arabians state that the population of the city when attacked and taken A. D. 1099, exceeded 200,000. "Alas, Jerusalem! alas! where's now

Thy pristine glory, thy unmatch'd renown,
To which the heathen monarchies did bow?"

She is "as a city which is compact together," even now, but yet not a vestige is to be seen of the Jerusalem of David or of Solomon; the course of the walls has been changed, and little remains but the valleys, the hills, and the pools, to identify its original site with the present one. But still, as we wander amid its ruined edifices, or gaze from the Mount of Olives upon its embattled walls and towering minarets, we feel that this is the spot where David's harp sounded; where our Saviour bore the cross upon which He atoned for our sins; where Israel went up to worship; where Solomon erected his brazen platform, and the glory of the Lord shone in his temple. Oh! let not the sceptic place his foot upon thy hallowed soil! and let not the remembrance of the associations connected with thee be blotted from my memory! for "I was glad when they said unto me, Let us go into the house of the Lord; our feet shall stand within thy gates, O Jerusalem !"'

The next place we visited was the Latin convent of St. Salvador, in the northwest corner of the city, on the edge of what is said to be Mount Gihon. There is not anything peculiar in this convent, except that it is the place where the pilgrims obtain a certificate of having visited the Holy City, and, perhaps, its irregular form