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Exciting.

Rouling

with con

tempt.

Roufing

fhame.

vour. But when will you, my countrymen, when will you rouse from your indolence, and bethink yourselves of what is to be done? When you are Apprehen. forced to it by some fatal disaster? When irresistible necessity drives you? What think ye of the disgraces which are already come upon you? Is ihame. not the past sufficient to stimulate your activity? Or do ye wait for somewhat, yet to come, more Reproving forcible and urgent? How long will you amuse yourselves with enquiring of one another after news, as you ramble idly about the streets? What news so strange ever came to Athens, as, that a Macedonian should subdue this state, and lord it over Greece? Again, you ask one another, Contempt. "What, is Philp dead ?" " No, "it is answered, "but he is very ill! How foolish this curiosity! What is it to you, whether Philip is sick or well? Suppose he were dead. Your inactivity would soon raise up against yourselves another Philip in his stead. For it is not his strength, that has made him what he is; but your indolence, which has, of late, been such, that you seem neither in a condition to take any advantage of the enemy, nor to keep it, if it were Recollect gained by others for you. But what I have hitherto observed to your reproach, will be of no service towards retrieving the past miscarriages, unless I proceed to offer a plan for raising the necessary supplies of money, shipping, and men.

Chiding.

ing.

Regret

[The orator then goes on to treat of ways and means. But that part of his speech being less entertaining, and his demands of men, money, and shipping, being pitiful, compared with the immense funds, and stupendous armaments, we are accustomed to, I leave it out. After wards he shews Philip's insolence by producing his letters to the Eubeans; and then makes remarks on them.]

The present disgraceful state of your affairs, my countrymen, as it appears from the insolent strain of the letters I have just read, may not,

Apprehen.

Reproach.

perhaps, be a very pleasing subject, for your reflections. And if, by avoiding the mention of Reluctance. disagreeable circumstances, their existence could be prevented or annihilated, there would be nothing to do, but to frame our speeches so as to give the most pleasure to the hearers. But, if the unseasonable smoothness of a speech tends to lull a people into a fatal security, how shameful is such selfdeceit! How contemptible the weakness of putting off the evil day, and through fear of being shocked at the sight of what is disordered in our affairs, to Apprehen. suffer the disorder to increase to such a degree, as will soon be irretrievable! Wisdom, on the con- · Courage. trary, directs, that the conductors of a war always anticipate the operations of the enemy, instead of waiting to see what steps he shall take. Superiority of genius shews itself by taking the start of others; as in marching to battle, it is the general, who leads, and the common soldiers that follow-Whereas you, Athenians, though Reproach you be masters of all that is necessary for war, as shipping, cavalry, infantry, and funds, have not the spirit to make the proper use of your advantages; but suffer the enemy to dictate to you every motion you are to make. If you hear that Philip is in the Chersonesus, you order troops to be sent thither. If at Pyle, forces are to be detached to secure that post. Wherever he makes an attack, there you stand upon your defence. You attend him in all his motions, as soldiers do their general. But you never think of striking out of yourselves any bold and effectual scheine for bringing him to reason, by being beforehand with him. A pitiful manner of carrying on war Contempt. at any time; but, in the critical circumstances Apprehen. you are now in, utterly ruinous. However you might trifle, so long as things were in a tolerable state of safety, you will not, I hope, think of going on in the same way, now that the very being of the state is come to be precarious. I

with Indig

nation.

Roufing fhame.

Sarcafm.

Chiding.

Hope.

would willingly flatter myself with the hope, that things being come to a crisis, the hasty strides made by Philip toward the conquest of this commonwealth, will prove the means of deSarcafin. feating his design. Had he proceeded deliberately and prudently, you seem so disposed to peace, that I do not imagine, you would have troubled yourselves about his taking a few towns and provinces, but would have given him leave, without molestation, to affront your standards and flags at his pleasure. But now, that you see him making rapid advances toward your capital, perhaps you may at last be alarmed, if you be not lost to all sense of prudence, honour, or safety.

Roufing thame.

Irony.

O shame to the Athenian name! We undertook this war against Philip, in order to obtain 4 redress of grievances, and to force him to indemnify us for the injuries he had done us, And we have conducted it so successfully, that we shall, by and by, think ourselves happy, if we escape Apprehen. being defeated and ruined. For, who can think, that a prince, of his restless and ambitious temper, will not improve the opportunities and advantages which our indolence and timidity present him? Will he give over his designs against us, without Remonftra. -being obliged to it? And who will oblige him? Alarm. Who will restrain his fury? Shall we wait for Exciting. assistance from some unknown country? In the Intreating name of all that is sacred, and all that is dear to

us, let us make an attempt with what forces we can raise, if we should not be able to raise as many Indignation as we would wish. Let us do somewhat to curb Exciting. this insolent tyrant of his pursuits. Let us not trifle away the time in hearing the ineffectual Apprehen. wranglings of orators, while the enemy is strengthening himself, and we are declining, and our allies growing more and more cold to our interest, and more apprehensive of the consequences of continuing on our side.

LXVI.

VILLAINOUS SURMISING, AND
JEALOUSY.

IAGO artfully endeavours to excite OTHELLO to
jealousy against his innocent wife DESDEMO-
NA, to be revenged on Othello for a supposed
[SHAKESP. OTHEL.]

injury.

Iago.

DID Michael Cassio, when you wooed Question.

my lady,

Know of your love?

Craft,

Othello. He did from first to last. Why dost Indiff'rence

thou ask?

Iago. But for a satisfaction of my thought; Infinuating. No farther harm.

Oth. Why of thy thought, Iago?

Doubting.

Iago. I did not think he had been acquainted Infinuating.

with it.

Oth. O yes; and went between us very often. Declaration Iago. Indeed!

Oth. Ay indeed. Discern'st thou aught from

that?

Is he not honest ?

Iago. Honest, my Lord?

Oth. Honest, ay, honest!

Oth.

What dost thou think of?

Surmifing,

Anxiety.

Surmifing.

Anxiety.

Iago. My Lord-for aught-for aught I know. Surmifing.

Iago. Think of, my Lord!

Oth. Think of, my Lord! Why dost thou echo

me,

Anxiety.

Surinifing.

Anxiety.

As if there were some monster in thy thought Sufpicion. Too hideous to be shewn. Thou dost mean some

thing,

I heard thee say but now, thou liked'st not that,
When Cassio left my wife: What didst not like ?
And when I told thee, he was of my counsel,
In my whole course of wooing, thou cry'dst
"Indeed!"

Anxious

enquiry.

And didst contract and purse thy brows together, As if thou then had'st shut up in thy brain Earnefinefs. Some horrible conceit. If thou dost love me, Shew me thy thought.

Fawning.

Sufpicion.

Tago. My Lord, you know I love you. -
Oth. I think thou dost,

And as I know thou'rt full of honesty,

And weigh'st thy words, before thou giv'st them breath,

Apprehen. Therefore these stops of thine fright me the more : For such things in a false disloyal knave,

Are tricks of custom; but in a man, that's just, They're distillations working from the heart, Earneftnefs. Which passion cannot rule. Therefore I tell thee, Thou dost conspire against thy friend, Iago,

Reluctance.

Question.
Pretended

reluctance.

If thou but think'st him wrong'd, and mak'st his ear
A stranger to thy thought.

Iago. I do beseech you,

From one, that so imperfectly conceits,

Your wisdom would not build yourself a trouble
Out of my scattering and unsure observance.
It were not for your quiet, nor your good,
Nor for my manhood, honesty, and wisdom,
To let you know my thoughts.

Oth. What dost thou mean?

Iago. Good name in man, or woman, dear my Lord,

Is the immediate jewel of their souls.

Contempt. Who steals my purse, steals trash; 'tis some

Concern.

Charging.
Refufing.

thing-nothing

Twas mine tis his-it has been slaves to thou

sands:

But he who filches from me my good name,

Robs me of that, which makes not him the richer,
And makes me poor indeed.

Oth. I'll know thy thoughts.

Iago. You cannot, if my heart were in your hand; (1)

(1) Iago. You cannot, &c.) That is, "I hardly know my felf, what to think; and yet I cannot help sufpecting Caffio. "

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