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THE

ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA.

A

DICTIONARY

OF

ARTS, SCIENCES, AND GENERAL LITERATURE.

NINTH EDITION.

(AMERICAN REPRINT.)

WITH

COMPLETE AND RECENT

APPENDIXES.

VOLUME XVI.

PHILADELPHIA:

MAXWELL SOMMERVILLE.

1894.


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ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA.-VOL. XVI.

PRINCIPAL CONTENTS.

MENANDER. F. A. PALEY, LL.D., Author of "Short Treatise on
the Greek Particles."

MENCIUS, JAMES LEGGE, LL.D., Professor of Chinese, University
of Oxford.

MENDELSSOHN. W. S. ROCKSTRO, Author of "Life of Handel."
MENSURATION. WM. THOMSON, Professor of Mathematics,
Stellenbosch College, South Africa.

MERCURY. W. DITTMAR, F.R.S., Professor of Chemistry, Ander-
son's College, Glasgow.

THERAPEUTIC USES. D. J. LEECH, M.D., Professor of Materia
Medica, Owens College, Manchester.

MERGANSER. ALFRED NEWTON, F.R.S., Professor of Zoology,
University of Cambridge.

MERIMÉE. GEO. SAINTSBURY, M.A., Author of "Short History
of French Literature."

MERV. Major F. C. H. CLARKE, C.M.G., R.A.
MÉRYON. FREDERICK WEDMORE, Author of "Masters of Genre
Painting."

MESOPOTAMIA. Prof. ALBRECHT SOCIN, University of Tübingen.
MESSIAH. W. ROBERTSON SMITH, LL.D., Lord Almoner's Profes-
sor of Arabic, University of Cambridge.

METALLURGY. Prof. DITTMAR.

METALS. Prof. DITTMAR.

METAL-WORK. J. H. MIDDLETON, M.A., London.

METAPHYSIC. EDWARD CAIRD, LL.D., Professor of Moral Phi-
losophy, University of Glasgow.

METASTASIO. J. A. SYMONDS, Author of "Renaissance in Italy."
METEMPSYCHOSIS. F. A. PALEY, LL.D.

METEOR. HUBERT A. NEWTON, LL.D., Professor of Mathematics,
Yale College, Conn.

METEOROLOGY. A. BUCHAN, F.R.S.E., Secretary of the Meteor-
ological Society of Scotland, and BALFOUR STEWART, LL.D.,
F.R.S., Professor of Natural Philosophy, Owens College, Man-
chester.

METHODISM. Rev. J. H. RIGG, D.D., Author of "Churchman-
ship of John Wesley."

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MINING. C. LE NEVE FOSTER, D.Sc., H.M. Inspector of Metalli-
ferous Mines.
MINISTRY. ALEX. C. EWALD, Record Office, London.
MINK. Prof. W. H. FLOWER, LL.D., F.R.S.
MINNESOTA. J. G. PYLE, Editor of Pioneer Press, St. Paul, Minn.
MINSTREL. Prof. MINTO.

MINT. W. CHANDLER ROBERTS, F.R.S., and R. A. HILL, both of
the Royal Mint, London.
MIRABEAU. H. MORSE STEPHENS.
MIRROR. JAMES PATON and A. S. MURRAY.
MISHNAH. S. M. SCHILLER-SZINESSY.

MISSAL. Rev. J. SUTHERLAND BLACK, M.A.
MISSIONS. Rev. G. F. MACLEAR, D.D., Warden of St. Augustine
College, Canterbury.

MISSISSIPPI (RIVER). Col. H. L. ABBOT, U. S. Engineers, Author
of " Physics and Hydraulics of the Mississippi River.'
MISSISSIPPI (STATE). Prof. R. B. FULTON, University of Missis-
sippi, Oxford, Miss.

MISSOURI. Prof. M. S. SNOW, Washington University, St. Louis,

Mo.

MITE. A. D. MICHAEL, F.R.M.S.

MITSCHERLICH. Prof. A. CRUM BROWN, M.D., F.R.S., University
of Edinburgh.

MOAB. Prof. JULIUS WELLHAUSEN, University of Halle.
MOALLAKAT. Prof. THEODOR NÖLDEKE, University of Stras-
burg.
MOHAMMEDANISM-

MOHAMMED. Prof. WELLHAUSEN.

EASTERN CALIPHATE. Prof. STANISLAUS GUYARD.
KORAN. Prof. NÖLDEKE.

MOLE. Surgeon-Major DOBSON, F.R.S.
MOLECULE. Rev. H. W. WATSON, M.A., Rector of Berkeswell,
Warwickshire, S. H. BURBURY, M.A., Lincoln's Inn, and Prof.
A. CRUM BROWN,

MOLIÈRE. ANDREW LANG, Author of " Helen of Troy."
MOLLUSCA. E. RAY LANKESTER, F.R.S., Professor of Zoology,
University College, London.

MOLOCH. Prof. W. ROBERTSON SMITH.

MONACHISM. Rev. R. F. LITTLEDALE, LL.D., D.C.L.
MONEY. C. F. BASTABLE, M.A., Professor of Political Economy,
Trinity College, Dublin.

MONGE. Prof. ARTHUR CAYLEY, LL.D., F.R.S.
MONGOLS-

HISTORY. R. K. DOUGLAS, Professor of Chinese, King's College,
London.

LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE.

Innsbruck.

MONK. OSMUND AIRY.

Prof. B. JÜlg, University of

MONMOUTH, DUKE OF. OSMUND AIRY.
MONREALE. J. H. MIDDLETON.

MONROE. Prof. FREEMAN SNOW, Harvard University, Cam-
bridge, Mass.

MONSTER. CHARLES CREIGHTON, M.A., M.D.`
MONTAIGNE. GEO. SAINTSBURY.

MONTANA. HENRY GANNETT, Census Office, Washington.
MONTANISM. Prof. HARNACK.
MONTENEGRO. H. A. WEBSTER.
MONTESQUIEU. G. SAINTSBURY.
MONTREAL. Prof. DANIEL WILSON, LL.D.

MONTROSE, MARQUIS OF. S. R. GARDINER, M.A., Professor
of Modern History, King's College, London.

MILITARY LAW. J. C. O'Dowd, Deputy Judge Advocate Gen- MOON. SIMON NEWCOMB, Professor of Astronomy, U. S. Naval Ob-
eral, War Office, London.

MILITIA. J. C. O'DOWD.

MILK. J. G. MCKENDRICK, M.D., LL.D., Professor of Physiology,
University of Glasgow, and JAMES PATON, Corporation Galle-
ries of Art, Glasgow.

MILL, JAMES. ALEXANDER BAIN, LL.D., Author of "The Emo-
tions and the Will."

MILL, JOHN STUART. WM. MINTO, M.A., Professor of Logic,
University of Aberdeen.

MILLENNIUM. ADOLF HARNACK, D.D., Professor of Church His-
tory, University of Giessen.

MILLER, HUGH. PETER BAYNE, LL.D., Author of "Life and
Letters of Hugh Miller."

MILLET, J. F. Mrs. E. F. S. PATTISON, Author of "Renaissance
of Art in France."

MILMAN. RICHARD GARNETT, LL.D., Author of "Idylls and
Epigrams."

MILTON. Prof. DAVID MASSON, LL.D., Author of "Life of John
Milton."

MILWAUKEE. J. JOHNSTON, Milwaukee.

MIMICRY. GRANT ALLEN, Author of "Colors of Flowers."
MINERALOGY. M. F. HEDDLE, M.D., Professor of Chemistry,
University of St. Andrews.

MINERAL WATERS. JOHN MACPHERSON, M.D., Author of
"Baths and Wells of Europe," and Prof. ALBERT R. LEEDS,
Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, N. J.
MINIATURE. E. MAUNDE THOMPSON, British Museum.

servatory, Washington.

MOORE, SIR JOHN. H. M. STEPHENS.
MOORE, THOMAS. Prof. MINTO.
MOOR-HEN. Prof. A. NEWTON.
MORAVIA. J. F. MUIRHEAD, Leipsic.
MORAVIAN BRETHREN. Rev. T. M. LINDSAY, D.D., Professor
of Divinity and Church History, Free Church College,
Glasgow.
MORE, HENRY. Very Rev. JOHN TULLOCH, D.D., Principal of
St. Mary's College, St. Andrews.

MORE, THOMAS. Rev. MARK PATTISON, B.D., Rector of Lincoln
College, Oxford.

MORGAGNI. CHAS. CREIGHTON, M.D.

MORMONS. Prof. JOHN FRASER, University of Chicago.
MOROCCO. H. A. WEBSTER.

MORPHOLOGY. PATRICK GEDDES, F.R.S.E.

MORSE. Rev. S. IRENEUS PRIME, D.D., Author of "Life of
Morse."

MORTGAGE. EDMUND ROBERTSON, M.A., Professor of Roman
Law, University College, London.
MOSAIC. J. H. MIDDLETON.
MOSCOW. P. A. KROPOTKINE. *
MOSES. Prof. WELLHAUSEN.

MOSES OF CHORENE. Prof. A. VON GUTSCHMID, University of
Tübingen.

MOSQUE. J. H. MIDDLETON,
MOSQUITO. R. MCLACHLAN, F.R.S.

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