space A, and thence, through the spring-controlled steel disk | fixed on the ends of the shafts on which they run. The free air valves s', into the discharge chamber C, which ultimately leads enters the casing through a wire screen at A and passes into the to the blast pipe. It will be seen that the valves v on the other space E. side of the annular chamber are closed. At the same time a As the space E increases in volume owing to the movement partial vacuum is being formed in the space B, to be filled by of the revolvers, air is drawn in; it is then imprisoned between the inflow of air through the valves o which are now open, the D and the casing, as shown at G, and is carried round until it is corresponding discharge valves of being closed. These valves free to enter F, from which it is in turn expelled by the lessening on the inside and outside of the annular spaces referred to are of this space as the lower ends of the revolvers come together. arranged so as to form a circle round the ends of the barrel of the In this way a series of volumes of air is drawn in through A, to be cylinder. The free air, instead of being drawn into the valves a afterwards expelled from H in an almost perfectly continuous direct from the air of the engine house, is taken from an enclosed stream, this result being brought about by the relative variation annular chamber E, which may be in communication with the in volume of the spaces E, F and G. In their most improved clean, cool air outside. It will be seen that the piston is made form the revolvers are made hollow, of cast iron, and accurately deep so as to allow for a long bearing surface in the cylinder. machined to a form such that they always keep close to one Two metal packing rings are provided to render the piston air- another and to the end casing without actually touching, there tight. The horse-power of this engine, which is designed on the being never more space for the escape of air than synd of an Cockerell system, is 750.

inch. Machines after this design are made from the smallest size, Air valves of other types than those which have been mentioned delivering 25 cub. ft., to the largest, with a capacity of 25,000 have been tried, such as sliding grid valves, rotatory slide valves cub. ft. per minute working up to a pressure of 3 lb per sq. in. and piston valves, but it has been found that either flap or disk It is not found economical to attempt to work at higher pressures, lift valves are more satisfactory for air on account of the grit as the leakage between the revolvers and the casing becomes too which is liable to get between slide valves and their seatings. great; where a higher pressure is desired two or more blowers In some of the blowing engines made by Messrs Fraser & can be worked in series, the air being raised in pressure by steps. Chalmers (see Engineer, June 15, 1906), sheets of flexible bronze A blower using 1 H.P. will deliver 350 cub. ft. of air per minute act as flap valves both for admission and delivery, the part and one using 24 H.P. will deliver 800 cub. ft., at a pressure which actually closes the opening being thickened for strength. suitable for smiths' fires. At the higher pressure required for

The pressure of the air supplied by blowing engines depends cupola work--somewhere about ; ib per sq. in.-64 H.P. will upon the purposes for which it is to be used. In charcoal deliver 1300, and 123 H.P. 25,000 cub. ft. per minute. In the furnaces the pressure is very low, being less than 1 lb per sq. in.; Baker blower three revolvers are used—a large one which acts for blast furnaces using coal an average value of 4 lb is common; as the rotating piston and two smaller ones forming air locks or for American blast furnaces using coke or anthracite coal the valves. pressure is as high as 10 tb; while for the air required in the Rotary Fans.-Now that power for driving them is so generally Bessemer process of steel-making pressures up to 25 or 30 tb available, rotary blowing fans have for many purposes taken per sq. in. are not uncommon. According to British practice the place of bellows. They are used for blowing smiths' fires, for one large blowing engine is used to supply several blast furnaces, supplying the blast for iron melting cupolas and furnaces and the while in America a number of smaller ones is used, one for each forced draught for boiler fires, and for any other purpose requiring

a strong blast of air. Their construction will be clear from the Rolary blowers occupy a position midway between blowing two views (figs. 7 and 8) of the form made by Messrs Günther of engines and fan blowers, being used for purposes requiring the Oldham, Lancashire. The fan consists of a circular casing A delivery of large volumes of air at pressures lower than those of having the general appearance of a snail shell. Within this blowing engines, but higher than those of fan blowers. The casing revolves a series of vanes B-in this case five-curved as blowing engine draws in, compresses and delivers its air by the shown, and attached together so as to form a wheel whose centre direct action of air-tight pistons; the same effect is aimed at in a is a boss or hub. This boss is fixed to a shaft or spindle which

rotary blower with revolves in bearings supported on brackets outside the casing. the difference that As the shaft is rotated, the vanes B are compelled to revolve in the piston revolves the direction indicated by the arrow on fig. 7, and their rotation instead of moving up causes the air within the casing to rotate also. Thus a centriand down a cylinder.fugal action is set up by which there is a diminution of pressure

Two of the best at the centre of the fan and an increase against the outer casing. known machines of In consequence air is sucked in, as shown by the arrows on fig. 8, this kind are Roots through the openings C, C, at the centre of the casing around the and Baker's, both spindle. At the same time the air which has been forced towards American devices. the outside of the casing and given a rotary motion is expelled The mode of action from the opening at D (fig. 8). All blowing fans work on the of Roots' blower, same principle, though differences in detail are adopted by as made by Messrs different makers to meet the variety of conditions under which Thwaites Bros. of they are to be used. Where the fan is to be employed for proBradford, will be ducing a delivery or blast of air the opening D is connected to an clcar from the sec-air pipe which serves to transmit the current of air, and C is left tion shown on fig. 6. open to the atmosphere; when, however, the main object is The moving parts suction, as in the case where the fan is used for ventilation, the work in a closed aperture C is connected through a suction pipe with the space to casing B, which con be exhausted, D being usually left open. Günther fans range

sists of half-cylin- in size from those which have a diameter of fan disk of 8 in. and FIG. 6.—Thwaites' Improved Roots' Blower. drical curved plates make 5500 revolutions per minute, to those which have a dia

placed a little more meter of 50 in. and run at from 950 to 1200 revolutions per than their own radius apart, the ends being enclosed by two minute. For exhausting the fans are run less quickly than for plates. Within the casing, and barely touching the curved blowing, the speed for a fan of 10 in. diameter being 4800 part of the casing and each other, revolve two parts C, D, revolutions for blowing and 3300-4000 for exhausting, while called “revolvers," the speed of rotation of which is the the 50-in. fan only runs at 550-700 when exhausting. These two same, but the direction opposite. They are compelled to keep exhausting fans remove 400-500 and 12,000-15,000 cub. ft. of their proper relative positions by a pair of equal spur wheels air per minute respectively.

furnace.

E

H

The useful effect of rotary fans, that is to say the proportion | which are relatively narrow as measured radially, but wide of the total power used to drive the fan which is actually utilized in producing the current of air, is very low for the smaller sizes, but may rise to 30-70% in sizes above 5 ft. in diameter. It has its maximum value for any given fan at a certain definite speed. Fans are most suitable in cases where it is required to move or

B

A

B

FIG. 7.-Günther's Blowing Fan.

deliver comparatively large volumes of air at pressures which are little above that of the atmosphere. Where the pressure of the current produced exceeds a quarter of a pound on the square inch the waste of work becomes so great as to preclude their use. The fan is not the most economical form of blower, but it is simple and inexpensive, both in first cost and in maintenance. The largest fans are used for ventilating purposes, chiefly in mines, their diameters rising to 40 or even 50 ft. The useful effect of some of these larger fans, as obtained from experiments, is as

A

FIG. 8. Günther's Blowing Fan.

high as 75%. In the case of the Capell fan, which differs from other forms in that it has two series of blades, inner and outer, separated by a curved blank piece between the inner wings, dipping into the fan inlet, and the outer wings, very high efficiencies have been obtained, being as great as 90% in some cases. Capell fans are used for ventilating mines, buildings, and ships, and for providing induced currents for use in boiler furnaces. In the larger fans the casing, instead of having a curved section, is more often built of sheet steel and is given a rectangular section at right angles to the periphery. The Sirocco blowing fan, of Messrs Davidson of Belfast, has a larger number of blades,

axially. It can be made much smaller in diameter than fans of the older designs for the same output of air—a great advantage for use in ships or in buildings where space is limited-and its useful effect is also said to be superior. (See also HYDRAULICS, § 213.)

Helical or screw blowers, often called " air propellers," are used where relatively large volumes of air have to be moved against hardly any perceptible difference in pressure, chiefly for purposes of ventilation and drying. Most often the propeller is used to move air from one room or chamber to another adjoining, and is placed in a light circular iron frame which is fixed in a hole in the wall through which the air is to be passed. The propeller itself consists of a series of vanes or wings arranged helically on a revolving shaft which is fixed in the centre of the opening. The centre line of the shaft is perpendicular to the plane of the opening so that when the vanes revolve the air is drawn towards and through the opening and is propelled away from it as it passes through. The action is similar to that of a steamship screw propeller, air taking the place of water. Such blowers are often driven by small electric motors working directly on the end of the shaft. For moving large volumes of air against little pressure and suction they are very suitable, being simpler than fans, cheaper both in first cost and maintenance for the same volume of air delivered, and less likely to fail or get out of order. To obtain the best effect for the power used a certain maximum speed of rotation must not be exceeded; at higher speeds a great deal of the power is wasted. For example, a propeller with a vane diameter of 2 ft. was found to deliver a volume of air approximately proportional to the speed up to about 700 revolutions per minute, when 8000 cub. ft. per minute were passed through the machine; but doubling this speed to 1400 revolutions per minute only increased delivery by 1000 cub. ft. to 9000. At the lower of these speeds the horse-power absorbed was 0.6 and at the higher one 1-6.

Other Appliances for producing Currents of Air.-In its primitive form the "trompe" or water-blowing engine adopted in Savoy, Carniola, and some parts of America, consists of a long vertical wooden pipe terminating at its lower end in an air chest. Water is allowed to enter the top of the pipe through a conical plug and, falling down in streamlets, carries with it air which is drawn in through sloping holes near the top of the pipe. In this way a quantity of air is delivered into the chamber, its pressure depending on the height through which the water falls. This simple arrangement has been developed for use in compressing large volumes of air at high pressures to be used for driving compressed air machinery. It is chiefly used in America, and provides a simple and cheap means of obtaining compressed air where there is an abundant natural supply of water falling through a considerable height. The pressure obtained in the air vessel is somewhat less than half a pound per square inch for every foot of fall.

Natural sources of water are also used for compressing and discharging air by letting the water under its natural pressure enter and leave closed vessels, so alternately discharging and drawing in new supplies of air. Here the action is the same as in a blowing engine, the water taking the place of the piston. This method was first thoroughly developed in connexion with the Mt. Cenis tunnel works, and its use has since been extended. In the jet blower (fig. 9) a jet of steam is used to induce a

B

(T. As.)

flow freely. The effect is to cause a movement of the air in the being drowned. Southey made the incident the subject of his pipe, with the result that a fresh supply is drawn in through the ballad of "The Inchcape Rock." annular opening at C, C, and a continuous stream of air passes BELLUNO (anc. Bellunum), a city and episcopal see of Venetia, along the pipe. This is the form of blower made by Messrs Italy, the capital of the province of Belluno, N. of Treviso. Meldrum Bros. of Manchester, and is largely used for delivering 54 m. by rail and 28 m. direct. Pop. (1901) town, 6898; comair under the fire bars of boiler and other furnaces. In some mune, 19,050. It is situated in the valley of the Piave, at its cases the jets of steam are allowed to enter a boiler furnace above confluence with the Ardo, 1285 ft. above sea-level, among the the fire, thus inducing a current of air which helps the chimney lower Venetian Alps. It was a Roman municipium. In the draught and is often used to do away with the production of middle ages it went through various vicissitudes; it fell under smoke; they are also used for producing currents of air for the dominion of Venice in 1511, and remained Venetian until purposes other than those of boiler fires, and are very convenient 1797. Its buildings present Venetian characteristics; it has where considerable quantities of air are wanted at very low some good palaces, notably the fine early Lombard Renaissance pressures and where the presence of the moisture of the steam Palazzo dei Rettori, now the seat of the prefecture. The cath's does not matter.

dral, erected after 1517 by Tullio Lombardo, was much damaged Sometimes jets of high-pressure air flowing at great velocities by the earthquake of 1873, which destroyed a considerabic are used to induce more slowly-moving currents of larger volumes portion of the town, though the campanile, 217 ft. high, erected of air at low pressures.

(W. C. P.) in 1732-1743, stood firm. The facade was never finished. BELLOY, DORMONT DE, the name assumed by PIERRE Important remains of prehistoric settlements have been found LAURENT BUIRETTE (1727-1775), French dramatist, was born in the vicinity; cf. G. Ghirardini in Yotisie degli Scari, 1883, 27, at Saint-Flour, in Auvergne, on the 17th of November 1727. on the necropolis of Caverzano. He was educated by his uncle, a distinguished advocate in Paris, BELMONT, AUGUST (1816–1890), American banker and for the bar. To escape from a profession he disliked he joined a financier, was born at Alzei, Rhenish Prussia, on the 8th of troupe of comedians playing in the courts of the northern December 1816. He entered the banking house of the Rothsovereigns. In 1758 the performance of his Titus, which had schilds at Frankfort at the age of fourteen, acted as their agent already been produced in St Petersburg, was postponed through for a time at Naples, and in 1837 settled in New York as their his uncle's exertions; and when it did appear, a hostile cabal American tepresentative. He became an American citizen, procured its failure, and it was not until after his guardian's and married a daughter of Commodore Matthew C. Perry. He death that de Belloy returned to Paris with Zelmire (1762), was the consul-general of Austria at New York from 1844 to a fantastic drama which met with great success. This was 1850, when he resigned in protest against Austria's treatment of followed in 1765 by the patriotic play, Le Siège de Calais, The Hungary. In 1853–1855 he was chargé d'affaires for the United moment was opportune. The humiliations undergone by France States at the Hague, and from 1855 to 1858 was the American in the Seven Years' War assured a good reception for a play in minister resident there. In 1860 he was a delegate to the which the devotion of Frenchmen redeemed disaster. The Democratic National Convention at Charleston, South Carolina, popular enthusiasm was unaffected by the judgment of calmer actively supporting Stephen A. Douglas for the presidential critics such as Diderot and Voltaire, who pointed out that the nomination, and afterwards joining those who withdrew to the glorification of France was not best effected by a picture of convention at Baltimore, Maryland, where he was chosen chairdefeat. De Belloy was admitted to the Academy in 1772. His man of the National Democratic Committee. He energetically attempt to introduce national subjects into French drama supported the Union cause during the Civil War, and exerted a deserves honour, but it must be confessed that his resources strong influence in favour of the North upon the merchants and proved unequal to the task. The Siège de Caluis was followed by financiers of England and France. He remained at the head of Gaston et Bayard (1771), Pedro le cruel (1772) and Gabrielle de the Democratic organization until 1872. He died in New York Vergy (1777). None of these attained the success of the earlier on the 24th of November 1890. play, and de Belloy's death, which took place on the 5th of March His son, PERRY BELMONT (1851- ), was born in New York 1775, is said to have been hastened by disappointment. on the 28th of December 1851, graduated at Ilarvard in 1872

BELL or INCHCAPE ROCK, a sandstone reef in the North Sea, and at the Columbia Law School in 1876, and practised law in Il m. S.E. of Arbroath, belonging to Forfarshire, Scotland. It New York for five years. He was a Democratic member of measures 2000 ft. in length, is under water at high tide, but at Congress from 1881 to 1889, serving in 1885-1887 as chairman low tide is exposed for a few feet, the sea for a distance of 100 yds of the committee on foreign affairs. In 1989 he was United around being then only three fathoms deep. Lying, in the fair- States minister to Spain, way of vessels making or leaving the Tay and forth, besides Another son, August BELMONT (1853- ), was born in ports farther north, it was a constant menace to navigation. New York on the 18th of February 1853 and graduated at In the great gale of 1799 seventy sail, including the "York," Harvard in 1875. He succeeded his father as head of the banking 74 guns, were wrecked off the reef, and this disaster compelled the house and was prominent in railway finance, and in financing authorities to take steps to protect shipping. Next year Robert and building the New York subway. In 1904 he was one of the Stevenson modelled a tower and reported that its erection was principal supporters of Alton B. Parker for the Democratic feasible, but it was only in 1806 that parliamentary powers were presidential nomination, and served as chairman of the finance obtained, and operations began in August 1807. Though John committee of the Democratic National Committee. Rennie had meanwhile been associated with Stevenson as A volume entitled Letters, Speeches and Addresses of August consulting engineer, the structure in design and details is wholly Belmont (the elder) was published at New York in 1890. Stevenson's work. The tower is 100 ft. high; its diameter at the BELOIT, a city of Rock county, Wisconsin, U.S.A., situated base is 42 ft., decreasing to 15 ft. at the top. It is solid for 30 ft. on the S. boundary of the state, on Rock river, about şım. N.W. at which height the doorway is placed. The interior is divided of Chicago and about 85 m. S.W. of Milwaukce. Pop. (1890) into six storeys. After five years the building was finished at a 6315; (1900) 10,436, of whom 1468 were foreign-born; (1910) cost of £61,300. Since the lighting no wrecks have occurred on 15,125. It is served by the Chicago & North-Western, and the reef. A bust of Stevenson by Samuel Joseph (d. 1850) was the Chicago, Milwaukee & St Paul railways, and by an placed in the tower.

inter-urban electric railway to Janesville, Wisconsin and RockAccording to tradition an abbot of Aberbrothock (Arbroath) ford, Illinois. Beloit is attractively situated on high blufis on had ordered a bell—whence the name of the rock-to be fastened both sides of the river. The city is the seat of Beloit College, a to the reef in such a way that it should respond to the movements co-educational, non-sectarian institution, founded under the of the waves, and thus always ring out a warning to mariners auspices of the Congregational and Presbyterian churches in This signal was wantonly destroyed by a pirate, whose ship was 1847, and having, in 1907-1908, 36 instructors and 430 students. afterwards wrecked at this very spot, the rover and his men It has classical, philosophical (1874) and scientific (1892) courses;

backwards of the re-conquest of the city by Darius Hystaspis. f of investiture" of an earl or knight; in machinery, a flexible The actual facts were very different. Cyrus had invaded strap passing round from one drum, pulley or wheel to another, Babylonia from two directions, he himself marching towards the for the purpose of power-transmission(q.o.). The word is applied confluence of the Tigris and Diyaleh, while Gobryas, the satrap to any broad stripe, to the belts of the planet Jupiter, to the of Kurdistan, led another body of troops along the course of the armour-belt at the water-line of a warship, or to a tract of Adhem. The portion of the Babylonian army to which the country, narrow, in proportion to its length, with special disprotection of the eastern frontier had been entrusted was de- tinguishing characteristics, such as the earthquake-belt across feated at Opis on the banks of the Nizallat, and the invaders a continent. poured across the Tigris into Babylonia. On the 14th of Tammuz BELTANE, BELTENE, BELTINE," or BEAL-TENE (Scottish (June), 538 B.C., Nabonidos fled from Sippara, where he had Gaelic, bealltain), the Celtic name for May-day, on which also was taken his son's place in the camp, and the city surrendered at held a festival called by the same name, originally common to once to the enemy. Meanwhile Gobryas had been despatched all the Celtic peoples, of which traces still linger in Ireland, the to Babylon, which opened its gates to the invader on the 16th Highlands of Scotland and Brittany. This festival, the most of the month" without combat or battle," and a few days later important ceremony of which in later centuries was the lighting Nabonidos was dragged from his hiding-place and made a prisoner of the bonfires known as “beltane fires," is believed to represent According to Berossus he was subsequently appointed governor the Druidical worship of the sun-god. The fuel was piled on a of Karmania by his conqueror. Belshazzar, however, still held hill-top, and at the fire the beltane cake was cooked. This was out, and it was probably on this account that Cyrus himself did divided into pieces corresponding to the number of those present, not arrive at Babylon until nearly four months later, on the and one piece was blackened with charcoal. For these pieces 3rd of Marchesvan. On the 11th of that month Gobryas was lots were drawn, and he who had the misfortune to get the black despatched to put an end to the last semblance of resistance in bit became cailleach bealtine (the beltane carline) -a term of the country " and the son (?) of the king died.” In accordance great reproach. He was pelted with egg-shells, and afterwards with the conciliatory policy of Cyrus, a general mourning was for some weeks was spoken of as dead. In the north-east of proclaimed on account of his death, and this lasted for six days, Scotland beltane fires were still kindled in the latter half of the from the 27th of Adar to the 3rd of Nisan. Unfortunately the 18th century. There were many superstitions connecting them character representing the word" son "is indistinct on the tablet with the belief in witchcraft. According to Cormac, archbishop which contains the annals of Nabonidos, so that the reading is of Cashel about the year 908, who furnishes in his glossary the not absolutely certain. The only other reading possible, however, earliest notice of beltane, it was customary to light two fires is " and the king died," and this reading is excluded partly by close together, and between these both men and cattle were the fact that Nabonidos afterwards became a Persian satrap, driven, under the belief that health was thereby promoted and partly by the silence which would otherwise be maintained by disease warded off. (Sec Transactions of the Irish Academy, the "Annals” in regard to the fate of Belsbazzar. Considering xiv. pp. 100, 122, 123.) The Highlanders have a proverb," he is how important Belshazzar was politically, and what a prominent between two beltane fires." The Strathspey Highlanders used place he occupied in the history of the period, such a silence to make a hoop of rowan wood through which on beltane day would be hard to explain. His death subsequently to the they drove the sheep and lambs both at dawn and sunset. surrender of Babylon and the capture of Nabonidos, and with it As to the derivation of the word beltane there is considerable the last native effort to resist the invader, would account for the obscurity. Following Cormac, it has been usual to regard it as position he assumed in later tradition and the substitution of his representing a combination of the name of the god Bel or Baal name for that of the actual king.

or Bil with the Celtic teine, fire. And on this etymology theories See Th. G. Pinches, P.S.B.A., May 1884: H. Winckler, Zeil- have been erected of the connexion of the Semitic Baal with schrift für Assyriologie, ii. 2, 3 (1887): Records of the Past, new series, Celtic mythology, and the identification of the beltane fires with (1893) 1993, 22-31 (1888); A. H. Sayce, The Higher Criticism, Pf.: 42537 the worship of this deity. This etymology is now sepudiated

BELT, THOMAS (1832–1878), English geologist and naturalist, Dr Whitley Stokes's view that beltane in its Gaelic form can have was born at Newcastle-on-Tyne in 1832, and educated in that no connexion with teine, fire. Beltane, as the ist of May, was city. As a youth he became actively interested in natural in ancient Scotland one of the four quarter days, the others being history through the Tyneside Naturalists' Field Club. In 1852 Hallowmas, Candlemas, and Lammas, he went to Australia and for about eight years worked at the For a full description

of the beltane celebration

in the Highlands gold-diggings, where he acquired a practical knowledge of ore

of Scotland during the 18th century, see John Ramsay, Scotland deposits. In 1860 he proceeded to Nova Scotia to take charge (1888); and see further J. Robertson in Sinclair's Statistical Account

and Scotsmen in the 18th Century, from MSS. edited by A. Allardyce of some gold-mines,

and there met with a serious injury, which of Scotland, xi. 620; Thomas Pennant, Tour in Scotland (1769-1770): led to his return to England. In 1861 he issued a separate work W. Gregor, "Notes on Beltane Cakes,". Folklore, vi. 1895), p. 2; entitled Mineral Veins: an Enquiry into their Origin, founded on

and "Notes on the Folklore of the North-East of Scotland," p. 167 a Study of the Auriferous Quartz Veins of Australia. Later on he was Jamieson, Scottish Dictionary (1808). Cormac's Glossary has been

(Folklore Soc. vii. 1881); A. Bertrand, La Religion des Gaulois (1897): engaged for about three years at Dolgelly, another though small | edited by O'Donovan and Stokes (1862). gold-mining region, and here he carefully investigated the rocks BELUGA (Delphinaplerus leucas), also called the “white and fossils of the Lingula Flags, his observations being published whale," a cetacean of the family Delphinidae, characterized by in an important and now classic memoir in the Geological Maga- its rounded head and uniformly light colour. A native of the sine for 1867. In the following year he was appointed to take Arctic seas, it extends in the western Atlantic as far south as charge of some mines in Nicaragua, where he passed four active the river St Lawrence, which it ascends for a considerable and adventurous years—the results being given in his Naturalist distance. In colour it is almost pure white; the maximum in Nicaragua (1874), a work of high merit. In this volume the length is about twelve feet; and the back-fin is replaced by a author expressed his views on the former presence of glaciers in low ridge. Examples have been taken on the British coasts; that country. In subsequent papers he dealt boldly and sug, and individuals have been kept for some time in captivity in gestively with the phenomena of the Glacial period in Britain America and in London. See CETACEA. and in various parts of the world. After many further expedi- BELVEDERE, or BELVIDERE (Ital. for "fair-view "), an tions to Russia, Siberia and Colorado, he died at Denver on the architectural structure built in the upper part of a building or 21st of September 1878.

in any elevated position so as to command a fine view. The BELT (a word common to Teutonic languages, the Old Ger. belvedere assumes various forms, such as an angle turret, a cupola, form being bale, from which the Lat. balteus probably derived), a loggia or open gallery. The name is also applied to the whole a flat strap of leather or other material used as a girdle (9.0.), building, as the Belvedere gallery in the Vatican at Rome. For especially the cinctura gladii or sword-belt, the chief ornament Apollo Belvidere see GREEK ART, Plate II, fig. ss.