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FOGG ART MUSEUM
HARVARD UNIVERSITY

E5-64

Copyright, in the United States of America, 1910,
by

The Encyclopædia Britannica Company,

A. C. P.

A. C. S.

A. F. P.

A. Go.

A. G. G.

A. HI.

A. H. N.

INITIALS USED IN VOLUME III. TO IDENTIFY INDIVIDUAL

CONTRIBUTORS,1 WITH THE HEADINGS OF THE

ARTICLES IN THIS VOLUME SO SIGNED.

ANNA C. PAUES, PH.D.

Lecturer in Germanic Philology at Newnham College, Cambridge. Formerly Bible, English.
Fellow of Newnham College. Author of A Fourteenth Century Biblical Version; &c.
ALGERNON CHARLES SWINBURNE.

See biographical article: SWINBUrne, Algernon C.
ALBERT FREDERICK POLLARD, M.A., F.R.HIST.Soc.

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Beaumont and Fletcher.

Balnaves;
Barnes, Robert;
Bilney.

{Beza.

Formerly Professor of Mathematics in the Ordnance College, Woolwich. Author Ballistics.
of Differential and Integral Calculus with Applications; Hydrostatics; Notes on
Dynamics; &c.

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Librarian, College of Agriculture, Cornell University. Editor of the Rio News Bahia: State;
(Rio de Janeiro), 1879-1901.

A. H.-S.

SIR A. HOUTUM-SCHINDLER, C.I.E.

A. H. S.

REV. ARCHIBALD HENRY SAYCE, D.LITT., LL.D.
See the biographical article: SAYCE, A. H.

A. J. L

ANDREW JACKSON LAMOUREUX.

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A. St H. G.

A. W.

See the biographical article: LANG, ANDREW.

ALFRED NEWTON, F.R.S.

See the biographical article: NEWTON, ALFRED.

ALFRED PETER HILLIER, M.D., M.P.

President, South African Medical Congress, 1893. Author of South African Studies; &c. Served in Kaffir War, 1878-1879. Partner with Dr L. S. Jameson in medical practice in South Africa till 1896. Member of Reform Committee, Johannesburg, and Political Prisoner at Pretoria, 1895-1896. M.P. for Hitchin division of Herts, 1910. ARCHIBALD SHARP.

Consulting Engineer and Chartered Patent Agent.

ALFRED ST HILL GIBBONS.

Bahia: City.

Ballads.

Birds of Paradise.

Basutoland: History (in part);
Bechuanaland (in part).

{Bicycle.

Major, East Yorkshire Regiment. Explorer in South Central Africa. Author of Barotse, Barotseland.
Africa from South to North through Marotseland.

ARTHUR WILLEY, F.R.S., D.Sc.

Director of Colombo Museum, Ceylon.

A. W. H.

ARTHUR WILLIAM HOLLAND.

Formerly Scholar of St John's College, Oxford. Bacon Scholar of Gray's Inn, 1900.

{Balanoglossus.

Austria-Hungary: History (in part);

Bavaria: History (in part).

1A complete list, showing all individual contributors, appears in the final volume,

A. W. Po.

BK.

C.

c. A. C.

C. B.

C. F. A.

C. F. B.

C. H. T.

C. H. W. J.

C. J. L.

C. MI.

C. Pl.

C. R. B.

C. W. W.

D. B. Ma.

D. C. B.

D. F. T.

D. G. H.

D. H.

ALFRED WILLIAM POLLARD, M.A.

Assistant Keeper of Printed Books, British Museum. Fellow of King's College,
London. Hon. Secretary Bibliographical Society. Editor of Books about Books: Bibliography and Bibliology.
and Bibliographica. Joint-editor of the Library. Chief Editor of the Globe

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Master of St Catharine's College, Cambridge. Lecturer in Assyriology, Queens'
College, Cambridge, and King's College, London. Author of Assyrian Deeds and Babylonian Law.
Documents of the 7th Century B.C.; The Oldest Code of Laws; Babylonian and Assyrian
Laws; Contracts and Letters; &c.

SIR CHARLES JAMES LYALL, K.C.S.I., C.I.E., LL.D. (Edin.).

Secretary, Judicial and Public Department, India Office. Fellow of King's

College, London. Secretary to Government of India in Home Department, 1889-Bihārī Läl.
1894. Chief Commissioner, Central Provinces, India, 1895-1898. Author of
Translations of Ancient Arabic Poetry; &c.

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CHARLES RAYMOND BEAZLEY, M.A., D.LITT., F.R.G.S., F.R.HIST.S.
Professor of Modern History in the University of Birmingham. Formerly Fellow Beatus;
of Merton College, Oxford, and University Lecturer in the History of Geography.
Lothian prizeman (Oxford), 1889. Lowell Lecturer, Boston, 1908. Author of
Henry the Navigator; The Dawn of Modern Geography; &c.

SIR CHARLES WILLIAM WILSON, K.C.B., K.C.M.G., F.R.S. (1836-1907).

Major-General, Royal Engineers. Secretary to the North American Boundary
Commission, 1858-1862. British Commissioner on the Servian Boundary Com-
mission. Director-General of the Ordnance Survey, 1886-1894. Director-General
of Military Education, 1895-1898. Author of From Korti to Khartoum; Life of
Lord Clive; &c.

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Minister of South Grove Congregational Church, Highgate. Director of the London Berry, Charles Albert.
Missionary Society.

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Formerly Foreign Correspondent of the New York Herald and the New York Times. Base-Ball.
Author of Wilderness Pets.

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:{

E. C. B.

EF. S.

E. G.

Baldwin I. to IV. of
Jerusalem.

Vice-President of the Folk-Lore Society. Author of Story of Primitive Man; Baer.
Primer of Evolution; Tom Tit Tot; Animísm; Pioneers of Evolution

RIGHT REV. EDWARD CUTHBERT BUTLER, O.S.B., D.LITT. (Dubl.).
Abbot of Downside Abbey, Bath.

EDWARD FAIRBROTHER STRANGE.

Basilian Monks;
Benedict of Nursia;
Benedictines;

St Bernardin of Siena.

Assistant-Keeper, Victoria and Albert Museum, South Kensington. Member of
Council, Japan Society. Author of numerous works on art subjects; Joint-editor Beardsley, Aubrey Vincent.

of Bell's Cathedral Series.

EDMUND GOSSE, LL.D.

See the biographical article: Gosse, Edmund.

E. G. B.

EDWARD GRANVILLE BROWNE, M.A., M.R.C.S., M.R.A.S.

E. H. M.

Z. M.

2. Ma.

L.M. T.

E. N. S.

E. Pr.

Baggesen; Ballade;
Barnfield;

Beaumont, Sir John;
Belgium: Literature;

Biography.

Sir Thomas Adams's Professor of Arabic and Fellow of Pembroke College, Cam-
bridge. Fellow of the British Academy. Author of A Traveller's Narrative, Bábiism.
written to Illustrate the Episode of the Báb; The New History of Mirza Ali Muhammed
the Báb; Literary History of Persia; &c.

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Lecturer and Assistant Librarian, and formerly Fellow of Pembroke College, Bastarnae.
Cambridge. University Lecturer in Palaeography.

EDUARD MEYER, D.LITT. (Oxon.), LL.D., PH.D.

Professor of Ancient History in the University of Berlin. Author of Geschichte des
Alterthums; Geschichte des alten Ägyptens; Die Israeliten und ihre Nachbarstamme; &c.
EDWARD MANSON.

{

Bactria; Bagoas;
Bahram; Balash;
Behistun.

Barrister-at-Law. Joint-editor of Journal of Comparative Legislation, Author of Bankruptcy: Comparative Law.
Short View of the Law of Bankruptcy; &c.

SIR EDWARD MAUNDE THOMPSON, G.C.B., D.C.L., LL.D., LITT.D.

Director and Príncipal Librarian, British Museum, 1888-1909. Fellow of the British
Academy. Corresponding Member of the Institute of France and of the Royal

Prussian Academy of Sciences. Author of Handbook of Greek and Latin Palaeo- Autographs.
graphy. Editor of the Chronicon Angliae, &c. Joint-editor of Publications of the
Palaeographical Society.

E. N. STOCKLEY.

Captain, Royal Engineers. Instructor in Construction at the School of Military Barracks.
Engineering, Chatham. For some time in charge of the Barracks Design Branch of
the War Office.

EDGAR PRESTAGE.

Special Lecturer in Portuguese Literature in the University of Manchester. Com-Azurara;
mendador, Portuguese Order of S. Thiago. Corresponding Member of Lisbon Royal Barros.
Academy of Sciences and Lisbon Geographical Society.

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Fellow of the British Academy. Formerly Fellow of University College, Oxford. Baptism.
Author of The Ancient Armenian Texts of Aristotle; Myth, Magic and Morals; &c.

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F. P.

See the biographical article: LUGARD, SIR F. J. D.
FRANK PODMORE, M.A. (d. 1910).

Beaconsfield, Earl of

Bernicla.

Bes.

Bauchi.

Pembroke College, Oxford. Author of Studies in Psychical Research; Modern Automatic Writing.
Spiritualism; &c.

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F. R. M.

FRANCIS RICHARD MAUNSELL, C.M.G.

Basutoland (in part);
Bahr-el-Ghazal (in part) ¿
Bechuanaland (in part).

Licut.-Col., Royal Artillery. Military Vice-Consul, Sivas, Trebizond, Van (Kurd-Baiburt;
istan), 1897-1898. Military Attaché, British Embassy, Constantinople, 1901-1905. Bashkala.
Author of Central Kurdistan; &c.

FREDERICK WILLIAM RUDLER, I.S.O., F.G.S.

Aventurine;

Curator and Librarian of the Museum of Practical Geology, London, 1879-1902. Beryl.
President of the Geologists' Association, 1887-1889.

F. W. R.*

G. A. B.

GEORGE A. BOULENGER, F.R.S., D.Sc., PH.D.

In charge of the Collections of Reptiles and Fishes, Department of Zoology, British
Museum. Vice-President of the Zoological Society of London.

Axolotl;
Batrachia.

G. A. Gr.

G. B. B.

G. B. G.

G. E.

GEORGE ABRAHAM GRIERSON, C.I.E., PH.D. D.LITT. (Dublin).
Member of the Indian Civil Service, 1873-1903. In charge of Linguistic Survey of Bengall;
India, 1898-1902. Gold Medallist, Asiatic Society, 1909. Vice-President of the
Royal Asiatic Society. Formerly Fellow of Calcutta University. Author of The
Languages of India; &c.

GERARD BALDWIN BROWN, M.A.

Bihari.

Professor of Fine Arts, University of Edinburgh. Formerly Fellow of Brasenose Basilica (in part).
College, Oxford. Author of From Schola to Cathedral; The Fine Arts; &c.

GEORGE BUCHANAN GRAY, M.A., D.D., D.LITT. (Oxon.)

Professor of Hebrew and Old Testament Exegesis, Mansfield College, Oxford.
Examiner in Hebrew, University of Wales. Author of The Divine Discipline of
Israel; &c.

REV. GEORGE EDMUNDSON, M.A., F.R.HIST.S.

(Bible: Old Testament,

Textual Criticism, and
Higher Criticism.

Formerly Fellow and Tutor of Brasenose College, Oxford. Ford's Lecturer, 1909. Belgium: History.
Hon. Member Dutch Historical Society, and Foreign Member, Netherlands Associa-
tion of Literature.

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Professor of English Literature. Queen's University, Belfast. Author of The Days Barbour, John.
of James IV.; The Transition Period; Specimens of Middle Scots; &c.

GEORGE HERBERT CARPENTER, B.Sc.

Professor of Zoology in the Royal College of Science, Dublin. President of the Bee.
Association of Economic Biologists. Member of the Royal Irish Academy. Author
of Insects: their Structure and Life; &c.

GEORGE EDWARD BATEMAN SAINTSBURY, LL.D., D.Litt.
See the biographical article: SAINTSBURY, G. É. B.

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Balzac, H. de,

(Avempace; Averroes;
Avicenna; Baidāwī;

Warden of Camden College, Sydney, N.S.W. Formerly Tutor in Hebrew and Old Baladhuri; Behā ud-Din;
Testament History at Mansfield College, Oxford.

Beha ud-Din Zuhair;
Birūni.

Joint-editor of the New English Dictionary (Oxford). Fellow of the British Academy. Beowulf.
Author of The Story of the Goths; The Making of English; &c.

Formerly Scholar of Corpus Christi College, Oxford. Editor of the 11th edition of Balfour, A. J.
the Encyclopaedia Britannica. Co-editor of the 10th edition.

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