faith, and became a zealous protestant in the time of Henry VIII. Going into St. Margaret's church, Westminster, on Easter Sunday morning, he had the folly to assault the priest one John Cheltam, who was administering the sacrament of the altar, for this he was apprehended, heavily ironed and committed to the gate-house. Being brought before Bonner, he was sentenced to be degraded, excommunicated, and condemned to death. On St. Mark's Eve he was brought into St. Margaret's churchyard, and his right hand struck off, the left being fastened behind him. He suffered most horribly, the fire not being sufficiently strong to burn him, and he was struck down while yet alive among the embers, and lay writhing in excruciating torture till death relieved him from his suffering.

The Rev. JOHN CARDMAKER and JOHN WARNE,

Burned in Smithfield, May 30, 1555.

Cardmaker had seceded from the Romish faith in the reign of Henry, had married, and was afterwards appointed reader in St. Paul's; on one occasion he narrowly escaped with his life, being attacked by a number of papists in the church with knives, on account of his doctrines. He was however soon after apprehended, tried and condemned to die. John Warne was an upholsterer, of St. John's Walbrook, convicted of heresy and sentenced to suffer at the same time. One of the articles exhibited against Warne, was to the following effect, "that about twelve months before, a rough water spaniel belonging

to him, had been shorn on the head, and a crown like a priest made on the same, at sight of which he laughed and seemed pleased, although he did not do it himself, nor knew who did." These two martyrs went to the stake in perfect harmony with each other, and passed through fire and torment to everlasting peace and rest.

JOHN ARDLEY and JOHN SIMPSON,

Two husbandmen of Wigsborough in Essex, were condemned on the same day, in the same place, and for the same good cause as the two preceding martyrs, and the sentence was carried into execution; Simpson being burned at Rochford, and Ardley at Raleigh, in Essex, on the 10th June, 1555.

THOMAS HAWKES, THOMAS WATTS, THOMAS
OSMOND, WILLIAM BAMFORD and

NICHOLAS CHAMBERLAIN.

Mr. T. Hawkes was a gentleman of education and possessed a handsome person, in the reign of Edward he was in the service of the Earl of Oxford, but had retired, living privately on his property. He became involved in the proscription from a singular circumstance; a criminal named John Tooley, who was to be hanged at Charing-Cross for the robbery of a Spaniard at St. James's, just before he was turned off, the halter then round his neck, he came to the side of the cart, and reading a

prayer out of a book concluded his last dying speech with the following declaration "From the tyranny of the Bishop of Rome and all his detestable enormities, from false doctrine and heresy, and from contempt of thy word and commandment, good Lord deliver us." He then added, "all you that are true Christians, say with me, Amen." And immediately about three hundred responded. Then giving the book to one of the officers he requested him to deliver it to Mr. Hawkes, to whom he said it belonged. This caused Mr. Hawkes to be summoned before Bonner, who discovered that he had a child born whose christening he delayed, that it might not be done by a Catholic priest; and confessing that he admired the writings of Ridley, Latimer and Cranmer, Bonner became indignant and condemned him to be burnt as a heretic; he was accordingly removed with the Protestants aforementioned in custody of Lord Rich, the Lord Lieutenant of the county of Essex, to suffer martyrdom, Mr. Hawkes at Coggershall, the others in various places in the same county. Having secretly promised his friends to give a token of his glory in the sufferings he was about to endure, he accordingly after burning some time, raised his arms, at that moment one mass of flames, and struck his hands together three times, then instantly dropping into the fire gave up the ghost. Osmond was burnt at Manningtree, Bamford at Harwich, and Chamberlain at Colchester.

Cardinal Pole never interfered with these persecutions, nevertheless with greater superstition though less cruelty he de

graded the remains of those who died in the Protestant faith. The body of John Tooley, the criminal who was hanged at Charing-Cross for robbery, was disinterred, and evidence gone into as to the opinions he held while living, the heresy of which being proved to the satisfaction of those who ordered the disgusting process, the body was ordered to be publicly burned.

The Rev. JOHN BRADFORD and JOHN LEAF,

Burned at Smithfield, July 1, 1555.

Mr. Bradford was one of the most eminent men who suffered in this reign. He was born at Manchester in the early part of the reign of Henry. He was first appointed Secretary to Sir John Harrington, Paymaster of the English forces in France, which office he held several years. After leaving the army he studied divinity at Cambridge, taking his degree of M. A. at Katherine Hall in August, 1548, and afterwards became Fellow of Pembroke Hall of which Bishop Ridley was at that time master. In 1550, he was ordained deacon, appointed one of the King's Chaplains, and is said to have been one of the most popular preachers of his day, he was also made one of the prebends of St. Paul's and resided in the Bishop's house. Bradford continued his public services some time after the death of Edward, but a man of his character could not be endured by the Papists, and the mode adopted to destroy him was one of the most disgraceful of any of these vile transactions.

On the 13th of August in the first year of Mary's reign, one Bourne a popish priest, preaching at St. Paul's Cross, in presence of the Lord Mayor and the Bishop of London, gave such offence to the populace, that he was in danger of being torn to pieces; a drawn dagger being thrown at him in the pulpit, he at once appealed to Bradford, who happened to be present, for assistance; Bradford immediately addressed the crowd, by his eloquence calmed the tumult, and protected him at great personal risk to a place of safety. Three days only after this humane interference, he was summoned by the council and Bishops to the Tower, charged with heresy and sedition, and committed to prison within the fortress, where he remained for 18 months. While in prison he served the Protestant cause more than ever by his writings, in which he exhibited a primitive and apostolic zeal for the propagation of the truth, and a sincere abhorrence of the delusions of the Church of Rome, which so exasperated his enemies that they determined to cut him off. He was accordingly brought before the Commissioners, January 22, 1555, and after being examined several times was finally condemned to die on the 29th of the same month: he was however, kept in the Poultry Compter for five months, when on the last day of June he was removed to Newgate, and the next day at nine o'clock in the morning conveyed by a strong guard to Smithfield, accompanied by a Yorkshire youth named John Leaf, who had been apprentice in London, but was condemned for the same offence. Bradford went boldly up to the stake with his fellow martyr, but they were not allowed more than one minute for Prayer, when being bidden to rise, he addressed a few words of consolation to the young man, and delivered him