THE PATRIOT AND THE DEMAGOGUE.

FALSE patriotism, till it gain its end,
Is as the true in many semblances.
Like that, it takes upon it to reform
Oppressive judgments and injurious laws,
That bear too hard upon the common weal :
Cries out upon abuses, seems to weep
Over the country's wrongs: and by this face
Of seeming zeal and justice, craftily

It wins those hearts for which its bait is thrown.

There are, however, certain tests by which the demagogue may be known.

The foundation of patriotism is virtue in private life. The patriot is reared amidst the charities of home; he learns to love his country, from his mother's song: from his father's prayer: from his wife's respect and tenderness: from his children's love and duty.-Such were the patriots of old: such was William Tell: such was Washington such are thousands in England. The demagogue has neither hearth nor household god he wanders to and fro; he shows his aptness to manage the affairs of the commonwealth by the neglect and ruin of his own family.-Such was Catiline such are the modern demagogues.

The Patriot prefers the good of his country to his private good.-When Pompey was in the

commission for purveyance for a famine at Rome, he was vehemently dissuaded by his friends from risking his life by venturing to sea in an extremity of weather: "It is necessary that I should sail, not that I should live,"-Necesse est ut eam, non ut vivam,—was his answer. The demagogue refers all things to himself as if he were the world's centre, and cares not in all tempests what becomes of the ship of the state, so that he may save himself in the cockboat of his own fortune. The patriot's conduct originates in love of his country: the demagogue's in love of himself, either to gratify his irritability because a reasonable or an unreasonable request has been refused; or to force his way by virulence and invective; or to be pleased with the sound of his own harangues; or as some reason for neglecting his nearest connexions: "Il aime les Tartares pour être dispensé d'aimer ses voisins."

As the good sailor obtains knowledge of the art of navigation, that his vessel may not strike on a rock, and be wrecked; so the patriot studies the science of government, that he may not mislead or be misled by injudicious zeal. He remembers the admonition of John Milton, that "he who is born to promote the public good, should read the Law of God above his years, and make it his whole delight." He remembers the admonition of Socrates, "that the meanest trade is not attempted without an apprenticeship, but

every man thinks himself qualified by intuition for the hardest of all trades, that of government." The demagogue can manage a ship in a tempest, although he never saw the ocean: he can cure diseases, although he is unacquainted with the structure of the human body: he would be a governor, without any knowledge of the being to be governed.

The Patriot is seldom a member of any party. -He does not surrender his judgment to any man, or to any body of men. He does not adopt opinions upon trust. He does not unite himself to the opposers of government; nor does he join those herds and flocks of people who follow any body that whistles to them or drives them to pasture. The happiness of his country is his rule of conduct his mode of ascertaining it, the exercise of his own understanding. The demagogue is the worst of all partizans. He is the leader of the mob: the triton amongst the minnows.

The Patriot does not deny his governors their due praise. He says, with John Milton, "this is not the liberty which we can hope, that no grievance ever should arise in the commonwealth; that let no man in this world expect. But when complaints are freely heard, deeply considered, and speedily reformed, then is the utmost bound of civil liberty attained, that wise men look for.

"This is true liberty, when free born men,
Having to advise the public, may speak free."

The demagogue is marked by acrimonious and unremitting opposition to the court. His love of the people consists in exciting hate against the government. If public distress incline the lower orders to turbulence, he infuses vindictive and discontented fancies into their minds. He exaggerates the evils to produce riot. He inflates passing events into permanent causes of misery. He displays defects without their accompanying advantages. He misleads by chains of simple questions where the apparent answers are obvious, but the real answers require the comprehension of a system.

The Patriot views the people as a father views his children, erring and liable to err from want of knowledge he therefore avails himself of every opportunity to diffuse information amongst his countrymen. He endeavours to inculcate right opinions into the higher ranks, and by their influence to regulate the lower. He lives with the wise, the temperate, the regular, and the virtuous. The demagogue professes to wish that education should be progressive: but he dreads and shuns intellect. The frogs are silent when a light appears. He endeavours to infuse his opinions into the indigent, who are always inflammable; into the timid, who are naturally suspicious; into the ignorant, who are easily misled; and into the profligate, who have no hope but from mischief.

The patriot views the people as a father views

his children, erring and liable to err from the impulses of generous or turbulent passion; he therefore prevents their being hurried to excess by popular harangues.-The demagogue promotes them he misleads the populace, by addresses to their best and to their worst passions: he deceives the timid with fictitious mischief; appeals to the judgment, and flatters the vanity of ignorance : he slanders honesty, and insults dignity. He talks of natural equality; the absurdity of many made for one; the original compact; the foundation of authority; the rights of man; the majesty of the people; the advances of the prerogative; and the danger of arbitrary power. The patriot pleads for the people: the demagogue pleads to them. At the conclusion of the American war, while the citizens of the United States were anticipating the blessings of peace, their army, to which America was so deeply indebted, was unrewarded for its services. The States, which had been rescued by their exertions, were in no condition to pay them. An attempt was made by anonymous and seditious publications to inflame the minds of the officers and soldiers, and induce them to unite in redressing their own grievances, while they had arms in their hands. As soon as General Washington was informed of the nature of these papers, he requested the general and field officers, with one officer from each company, and a proper representation