has its source near to the Arcadian town of Nonacris. Styx, The. A well-known subterranean river in the Mammoth Cave, Kentucky; named after the river of hell in ancient Greek and Roman mythology. Subeibeh. See BÂNIAS.

Sublime Porte. [The High Gate.] The gate of the imperial palace at Constantinople, at which justice was administered. Hence applied as a designation of the Turkish government, or the court of the sultan.

Suburra, The. A quarter in ancient Rome, upon the Esquiline Hill, largely occupied by the poorer classes.

Hence we walked to the Suburra, where yet remain some ruines and inscriptions. John Evelyn, 1644.

Sudarium. [Ital. Il Sudario; Fr. Le Saint Suaire.] The napkin, or, as some say, the veil, which, according to the ancient legend, was used to wipe away the drops of sweat from the brow of the Saviour while bearing his cross on his way to Calvary, and upon which his features were miraculously impressed. See VERONICA.

During the interval between the closing of the ancient and the opening of the modern age, the faith of Christians had attached itself to symbols and material objects little better than fetishes. .. To such concrete actualities the worshippers referred their sense of the invisible divinity. The earth of Jerusalem, the Holy Sepulchre, the House of Loreto, the Sudarium of St. Veronica, aroused their deepest sentiments of aweful adoration.

J. A. Symonds. Suffolk House. See NORTHUMBERLAND HOUSE.

Sukhrah. See MOSQUE OF OMAR. Suleimaine Mosque. A superb Mohammedan temple in Constantinople, Turkey. It was erected by Solyman the Magnificent, between 1550 and 1555.

"Externally the mosque suffers, like all the buildings of the capital, from the badness of the materials with which it was constructed. Its walls are covered with stucco, its dome with lead; and all the sloping abutments of

the dome have to be protected by a metal covering. This, no doubt, detracts from the effect; but still the whole is so massive-every window, every dome, every projection, is so truthful, and tells so exactly the purpose for which it was placed where we find it, that the general result is most satisfactory." Fergusson.

Suli Castle. A castle standing on an isolated rock 1,000 feet below the summit of the Suliot ridge, in Greece. Sulpice, St.

See ST. SULPICE and PLACE ST. SULPICE. Sumter, The. A noted Confederate privateer, in the War of the Rebellion, under a commission from Jefferson Davis, in the spring of 1861. Her career was brief but very destructive. She ran the blockade at the mouth of the Mississippi, cruised among the West Indies, captured many merchant vessels, and was the terror of the American mercantile marine, being everywhere welcomed in British ports, but was finally driven into the port of Gibraltar, where, in 1862, she was sold.

Sumter, Fort. See FORT SUMTER. Sundwich Höhle. [Sundwich

Cave.] A cavern in Westphalia, near Hemar, interesting in a geological regard on account of the fossil remains discovered in it. Sunium. See TEMPLE OF SUNIUM. Sunrise in a Mist. A well-known picture by Joseph Mallord William Turner (1775-1851), the English landscape-painter, and regarded one of his best works. Now in the National Gallery, London.

Sunny Side. An ancient mansion on the Hudson River, near Irvington, N.Y., the former home of Washington Irving. The front of the building is covered with ivy from a slip brought from Abbotsford by Irving, who received it from Sir Walter Scott. This old mansion, which was erected in the seventeenth century, was formerly known as

Superga, La. A well-known and celebrated church, situated on an eminence near Turin, Italy. It has been the place of interment for the royal family of Sardinia. Supper at Emmaus. A famous picture by Titian (1477-1576), originally painted for the Sala de' Pregadi, in the Ducal Palace, Venice. Now in the Gallery of the Louvre, Paris.

"The disciple on the right of the Saviour, raising his hand with no more vehemence of surprise than might become the greatest monarch of his time, is supposed to be the portrait of the Emperor Charles V.; the disciple on the left.. with round shaven face and a pilgrim's hat, that of Cardinal Ximenes; while the page, with plumed cap, is meant for the Infant, afterwards Philip II." Lady Eastlake. Supper at Emmaus. A wellknown and interesting picture by Paul Veronese (1530 ?-1588), in which "the painter has introduced a large family, supposed to be his own, with an exquisite group of two girls in the centre, caressing a large dog." This picture is in the Louvre, Paris. Supper, The Last. See LAST SUP

PER.

Surgeons, College of. See COLLEGE OF SURGEONS.

Surrender of Breda. A painting by Diego Rodriguez de Silva y Velasquez (1599-1660), and regarded one of the first historical pictures in the world. In the Gallery at Madrid, Spain.

Surrender of Burgoyne. A large picture by John Trumbull (17561843), executed under commission from Congress for the Rotunda of the Capitol at Washington. It is well known by engravings. Surrender of Cornwallis. A large picture by John Trumbull (17561843), executed under commission from Congress for the Rotunda of the Capitol at Washington. It is well known by engravings. Surrey Chapel. A noted place of worship in London, opened as a free and independent church by the Rev. Rowland Hill in 1783.

Since you departed, we have been passing with a kind of comprehensive skip and jump over remaining engagements. And first, the evening after you left, came off the presentation of the inkstand by the ladies of Surrey Chapel.

Mrs. H. B. Stowe.

from the fact that it was mounted upon a rampart which had been erected upon piles driven into the deep mud of the swampy land surrounding the fortification.

Swan Theatre. One of the chief
London theatres in the age of
Shakespeare.

Swedes' Church. See OLD
SWEDES' CHURCH.
Sweetheart Abbey. See NEW
ABBEY.

Sweno's Stone. A curious monument of antiquity near Forres, in

Scotland, supposed to have been erected by Malcolm II. or Macbeth, in memory of the expulsion of the Danes. It is a pillar of sandstone, 23 feet high, covered with figures.

"These figures are arranged closely in five divisions, forming, as it were, so many passages of the story." Muir. Symonds Inn. Formerly one of the inns of Chancery in London.

"A little, pale, wall-eyed, woebegone inn like a large dust-bin of two compartments and a sifter." Dickens. Synodalni Dom. See HOLY SYNOD, HOUSE OF THE.

Tabard, The.

An ancient inn formerly situated in Southwark, London, the traditional "hostelry where Chaucer and the other pilgrims met, and, with their host, accorded about the manner of their journey to Canterbury." The buildings of Chaucer's time have disappeared, but were standing in 1602; the oldest now remaining is of the age of Elizabeth, and the most interesting portion is a stone-colored wooden gallery, in front of which is a picture of the Canterbury pilgrimage, said to have been painted by Blake. Instead of the ancient sign of the Tabard, the ignorant landlord (says Aubrey) put up about the year 1676, the sign of Talbot, which it now bears.

Befell that in that season, on a day
At Southwark at the Tabard as I lay,
Readie to wander on my pilgrimage
To Canterbury with devout courage,
At night was come into that hostelrie
Well nine and twenty in a companie
Of sundrie folke, by adventure yfall
In fellowship, and pilgrims were they all,
That toward Canterbury woulden ride.

Chaucer.

The name of Chaucer is not more identified with the Tabard Inn at Southwark, nor Scott's with the Trosachs and Loch Katrine,... than that of Byron with the Ducal Palace. Hillard.

Tabernacle, The. A frequent designation for the chapels or places of worship of some of the religious sects. The original building which has given its name to succeeding structures of the kind was built in Moorfields, London, in 1752, and was SO called in allusion to the tabernacle of the Israelites in the Wilderness. Whitefield and Wesley both preached in this building. The building known as the Metropolitan Tabernacle, in London, was built for Mr. Spurgeon in 1861, and is capable of seating 6,500 persons.

Tabernacle, The. An immense

wooden building in Salt Lake City, Utah Territory, the chief religious edifice or temple of Mormon worship. Though built of wood it has 46 sandstone pillars upon which rests its huge domeshaped roof. The building is oval in form, and will accommodate nearly or quite 10,000 persons. It is said to be the largest building in America with a "selfsupporting roof."

Table Rock. A mass of rock at Niagara Falls, from which the finest front view of the entire falls is obtained. Formerly this rock overhung the water to a large extent, but in 1850 a huge piece of the ledge, some 200 feet in length and 100 feet in thickness broke off and fell into the chasm, carrying with it an omnibus which happened to be standing upon it. At present but little of the rock projects over the water.

"You may stand by the water just where it falls off, and if your head does not swim you may proceed to the brink of Table Rock, and look down. into the gulf beneath. This is all froth and foam and spray; as you stand here it looks as if all the water of the globe was collected around this circle, and pouring down here into the centre of the earth. There the grand spectacle has stood for centuries, from the beginning of the creation, as far as we know, without change. From the beginning it has shaken as it now does the earth and the air, and its unvarying thunder existed before there were human ears to hear it." Daniel Webster.

...

indelible until its pulses cease to beat forever." Dickens.

Close to the cataract, exactly at the spot from whence in former days the Table Rock used to project from the land over the boiling caldron below, there is now a shaft down which you will descend to the level of the river. Anthony Trollope.

Tablet of Abydos. 1. An historical monument giving a genealogy of the early Egyptian kings. It was discovered at Abydos, in Upper Egypt, in 1818. Now in the British Museum, London.

2. A monument of historical importance discovered in 1865 in the Temple of Sethi I., at Abydus, Egypt, is conjectured by M. Mairette to be the original of the one now in the British Museum. It contains a list of 76 kings from Menes to Sethi I. Tablet of Sakkárah.

A famous

monument found at Sakkáralı, now preserved in the Museum of Egyptian Antiquities at Cairo, Egypt. This tablet, which has been of much use in the solution of the problem of the dynasties of Egypt, has inscribed upon it the names of 58 kings which correspond with those in the list of Manetho..

Tabularium.

An ancient ruin in Rome, of which only a few remains are now standing, once the public Record Office, where the tabulæ, or engraved decrees, of the Roman Senate were preserved.

"After his lecture was over this morning, Mr. Bunsen took us into the Tabularium, and explained it to us in a very interesting manner. It has been fully explored, only within a few years, and is now one of the grandest monuments of ancient Rome.

George Ticknor. Taj Mahal. A renowned monument-justly considered one of the wonders of the worldAgra in Hindostan. Its cost is estimated at $16,000,000.

at

"The distant view of this matchless edifice satisfied me that its fame is well deserved. So pure, so gloriously perfect, did it appear, that I almost feared to approach it lest the

charm should be broken. It is a work inspired by love and consecrated to

Beauty. Shah Jehan- the 'Selim' of Moore's poem-erected it as a mausoleum over his queen Noor Jehan. Few persons of the thousands who sigh over the pages of Lalla Rookh are aware that the Light of the Harem' was a real personage, and that her tomb is one of the wonders of the world... A building which has no counterpart in Europe, or even in the East. The remains of Moorish art in Spain approach nearest to its spirit, but are only the scattered limbs, the torso, of which the Taj is the perfect type. If there were nothing else in India, this alone would repay the journey. . . It is an octagonal building of the purest white marble, little inferior to that of Carrara. Every part -even the basement, the dome, and the upper galleries of the minarets -is inlaid with ornamental designs in marble of different colors, principally a pale brown and a bluish-violet variety. The building is perfect in every part. The dome of the Taj contains an echo more sweet, pure, and prolonged than that in the Baptistery of Pisa, which is the finest in Europe. The Taj is, as I have said, a poem. Did you ever build a castle in the air? Here is one brought down to earth and fixed for the wonder of ages; yet so light it seems, so airy, and when seen from a distance, so like a fabric of mist and sunbeams, with its great dome soaring up, a silvery bubble about to burst in the sun, that even after you have touched it, and climbed to its summit, you almost doubt its reality." Bayard Taylor.

Tak Kesra. A well-known and important ruin on the site of the ancient Ctesiphon in Mesopotamia.

"It was apparently originally erected as a hunting-box on the edge of the desert for the use of the Persian king, and preserves all the features we are familiar with in Sassanian palaces. It is wholly of brick, and contains in the centre a tri-apsal hall, once surmounted by a dome."

Fergusson. Tancarville. A medieval stronghold on the banks of the Seine below Rouen. It was pillaged at the time of the Revolution, but has now reverted to the descendants of its original owners, the Montmorencys.

Tantallon Castle. An ancient and ruined baronial fortress, of unknown age, occupying a high