Already have we shown our love to Rome;
Now let us show submission to the gods.
We took up arms, not to revenge ourselves,
But free the commonwealth; when this end fails,
Arms have no further use our country's cause,
That drew our swords, now wrests them from our hands,
And bids us not delight in Roman blood,
Unprofitably shed. What men could do,
Is done already. Heav'n and earth will witness,
If Rome must fall, that we are innocent.
Cato. Let us appear nor rash nor diffident;
Immod'rate valour swells into a fault;
And fear, admitted into public councils,
Betrays like treason. Let us shun them both.
Fathers, I cannot see that our affairs

Are grown thus desp'rate: we have bulwarks round us:
Within our walls are troops inur'd to toil
In Afric's heats, and season'd to the sun :
Numidia's spacious kingdom lies behind us,
Ready to rise at its young prince's call.
While there is hope, do not distrust the gods;
But wait at least till Cesar's near approach
Force us to yield. 'Twill never be too late
To sue for chains, and own a conqueror.
Why should Rome fall a moment ere her time?*
No, let us draw our term of freedom out
In its full length, and spin it to the last;
So shall we gain still one day's liberty:
And let me perish; but in Cato's judgment,.
A day, an hour of virtuous liberty,
Is worth a whole eternity in bondage.

EXTRACT

EXTRACT FROM AN ORATION, DELIVERED at Boston JULY 4, 1794, IN COMMEMORATION OF AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE.

AMERICANS! you have a country vast in extent,

and embracing all the varieties of the most salubrious climes: held not by charters wrested from unwilling kings, but the bountiful gift of the Author of nature. The exuberance of your population is daily divesting the gloomy wilderness of its rude attire, and splendid cities rise to cheer the dreary desert. You have a government deservedly celebrated as "giving the sanctions of law to the precepts of reason;" presenting, instead of the rank luxuriance of natural licentiousness, the corrected sweets of civil liberty. You have fought the battles of freedom, and enkindled that sacred flame which now glows with vivid fervour through the greatest empire in Europe.

We indulge the sanguine hope, that her equal laws and virtuous conduct will hereafter afford examples of imitation to all surrounding nations. That the blissful period will soon arrive when man shall be elevated to his primitive character; when illuminated reason and regulated liberty shall once more exhibit him in the image of his Maker; when all the inhabitants of the globe shall be freemen and fellow-citizens, and patriotism itself be lost in universal philanthropy. Then shall volumes of incense incessantly roll from altars inscribed to liberty. Then shall the innumerable varieties of the human race unitedly "worship in her sacred temple, whose pillars shall rest on the remotest corners of the earth, and whose arch will be the vault of heaven."

DIALOGUE

OF CALIFORN

DIALOGUE BETWEEN A WHITE INHABITANT OF THE UNITED STATES AND AN INDIAN.

White Man. YOUR friends, the inhabitants of the

United States, wish to bury the tomahawk, and live in peace with the Indian tribes.

Indian. Justice is the parent of peace. The Indians love war only as they love justice. Let us enjoy our rights, and be content with yours, and we will hang the tomahawk and scalping-knife upon the tree of peace, and sit down together under its branches.

W. Man. This is what we desire, and what is your interest as well as ours to promote. We have often made leagues with you; they have been as often broken. If justice were your guide, and peace your desire, they would be better regarded.

Ind. The White Men are robbers. We do not choose to be at peace with robbers; it is more to our honor to be at war with them.

W. Man. It is in our power to punish the aggressors; we have more warriors than the Indians; but we choose to employ arguments rather than force.

Ind. I have heard the arguments of White Men: they are a fair bait; but their intentions are a bearded hook. You call us brothers, but you treat us like beasts; you wish to trade with us, that you may cheat us; you would give us peace, but you would take our lands, and 'eave us nothing worth fighting for.

W. Man. The White Men want your lands; but they are willing to pay for them. The great Parent has given the earth to all men in common to improve for their sustenance. He delights in the numbers of his children. If any have a superior claim, it must be those, who, by their arts and industry, can support the greatest number on the smallest territory.

Ind. This is the way you talk; you act differently.You have good on your tongue, but bad in your heart.

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I have been among White Men. I know as much about them as you do about Red Men. What would your people say, if poor men should go to a rich man, and tell him, the great Parent has given the earth to all men in common; we have not land enough; you have more than you need; he delights in the number of his children; your great farm supports but few; by our superior arts and industry, it would support many; you may move to one corner of your land; that is sufficient for you; we will take the rest. We will live together as brothers, if you will be at peace with us; if not, we have more warriors than you; it is in our power to punish the aggressors. Should you call this just? No! no! W. Man. Surely not.

Ind. Then justice among White Men and Red Men is different: will you show me the difference? I thought justice was our friend as well as yours.

W. Man. We are governed by laws that protect our property, and punish the disturbers of peace.

Ind. Then by what law do you encroach upon our property, and disturb our peace? If you consider us as your brothers, your laws ought to protect us as well as yourselves.

W. Man. Our ways of living are different from yours. We have many employments and much property: your manners are simple, your possessions small; our laws, of course, will not apply to your circumstances.

Ind. I know you have many laws on paper, and some that ought to make the paper blush. We have but few; they are founded in justice, and written on the heart. They teach us to treat a stranger as our friend; to open our doors and spread our tables to the needy. If a White Man come among us, our heart is in our hand; all we have is his; yet you call us savages! But that must mean something better than civilized, if you are civilized.

W. Man. We do not impeach your hospitality, nor censure your humanity in many instances; but how can you justify your promiscuous slaughter of the in

nocent

nocent and guilty, your cruel massacres of helpless wives and children who never injured you?

Ind. If a man provoke me to fight with him, I will break his head if I can: if he is stronger than 1, then I must be content to break his arm or his finger. When the war-whoop is sounded, and we take up the tomahawk, our hearts are one; our cause is common; the wives and children of our enemies are our enemies also they have the same blood, and we have the same thirst for it. If you wish your wives and children should escape our vengeance, be honest and friendly in your dealings with us; if they have ruffians for their protectors, they must not expect safety.

W. Man. We have both the same claim from each other; friendship and justice are all we require. Our ideas on these subjects are different; perhaps they will never agree. On one side, ferocity will not be dictated by humanity, nor stubbornness by reason; on the other, knowledge is not disposed to be advised by ignorance, nor power to stoop to weakness.

Ind. I believe we shall not make peace by our talks. If the contention is, who has the most humanity, let him who made us judge. We have no pretensions to superior knowledge; we ask, Who knows best how to use what they have? If we contend for power, our arms must decide: the leaves must wither on the tree of peace; we shall cut it down with the battle-axe, and stain the green grass that grows under it with your blood.

W. Man. You know the blessings of peace, and the calamities of war. If you wish to live secure in your wigwams, and to rove the forest unmolested, cultivate our friendship. Break not into our houses in the defenceless hours of sleep. Let no more of our innocent friends be dragged from their protectors, and driven into the inhospitable wilderness; or what is still more inhuman, fall victims to your unrelenting barbarity! If you prefer war, we shall drive its horrors into your

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