296. b. z. its birth. The design of the Review was conceived by Defoe in prison.

297. d. 10. D. F. Daniel Foe. The name Defoe was adopted by the author a year later.

THE EDUCATION OF WOMEN

The Essay upon Projects, from which this paper is taken, was written in 1692, but first printed in 1697. 297. a. 27. conversible, fit for human intercourse.

b. 13. wit, intellectual ability.

32. more tongues than one. Milton is reported to have said that one tongue was enough for any

'Seamen have a custom, when they meet a whale, to fling him out an empty tub by way of amusement, to divert him from laying violent hands upon the ship the whale was interpreted to be Hobbes's Leviathan whence the wits of our age are said to borrow their weapons and it was decreed, that, in order to prevent these Leviathans from tossing and sporting with the Commonwealth they should be diverted from that game by a Tale of a Tub.' (Swift's Preface.) 300. a. 32. d'Argent, of wealth. de Grands Titres, of distinguished titles.

33. d'Orgueil, of pride.

49. Locket's, a famous ordinary, or tavern, at Charing Cross. Will's coffee-house. See below, 325. a. 34, note.

b. 24. grande monde, world of fashion.

37. Jupiter Capitolinus. From his temple on the Capitoline Hill, Rome.

301. a. 12. They held the universe to be a large suit of clothes, etc. Compare Carlyle's Sartor Re

sartus.

16. primum mobile. In the Ptolemaic cosmogony, the outer or tenth revolving sphere.

b. 21. ex traduce. From the root; from the original stock.

302. a. 32. shoulder-knots. This fashion had been introduced from France in the reign of Charles II. See Tatler, No. 82.

35. ruelles, private gatherings.

303. a. 38. nuncupatory and scriptory, verbal and written.

b. 23. my lord C and Sir J. W. have not been identified.

piscem. Hor

305. a. 41. fonde, fund, stock, capital. S07. a. 1-3. Varias inducere ace, Ars Poetica, 11. 2 and 4. 312. b. 49. Newgate. The London prison for debtors and malefactors.

52. Exchange women. Women who kept shops in the piazzas of the Royal Exchange. For Steele's description, see p. 333.

54. the mobile, the mob. Latin, mobile vulgus. 314. a. 58. The philosopher's stone and the uni versal medicine. Sought by medieval alchemists and mystics.

315. b. 1. the giant Laurcalco. Inaccurate allusion to the passage (Don Quixote, Bk. I, Chap. XVIII) in which Don Quixote mistakes a flock of sheep for an army. 'That knight is the valorous Laurcalco, Lord of the Silver Bridge.'

b. 16-17. an ancient temple • upon Salisbury plain. Probably Stonehenge. 316. a. 4. a disease. the stinging of the tarantula. Tarantism, or dancing mania, was sup posed to be so caused, and curable only by music or dancing.

a. 9. Westminster-hall, etc. Places noteworthy for their noises; Westminster Hall frequented by lawyers; Billingsgate famous for the bad language of its fish-wives; the Royal Exchange a center for brokers and merchants of all nations.

b. 7. janizary, a mercenary soldier in the bodyguard of the Sultan, in the middle ages. 318. b. 10. a spulging house. A tavern for the temporary detention of persons arrested for debt.

A MEDITATION UPON A BROOMSTICK Hon. Robert Boyle (1627-1691). A celebrated scientist, The father of chemistry and brother to the Earl of Cork.' One of the original members of the Royal Society. Swift's essay travesties the platitudinous moralizing of his religious meditations.

A MODEST PROPOSAL

321. b. 25. the famous Psalmanazar. George Psalmanazar, a notorious impostor, pretended to be a native of Formosa, of which he published a Description in 1705.

323. a. 16. Topinamboo. A district of Brazil.

STEELE: THE TATLER

325. a. 33. White's Chocolate-house. In St. James's Street. Famous for gambling.

34. Will's Coffee-house. No. I, Bow Street, Covent Garden. Originally kept by William Ur. win. Pepy's Diary mentions it, Feb. 3, 1663, as a resort of Dryden and notable for 'very witty and pleasant discourse.'

35. Grecian. Coffee-house in the Strand, orig inally kept by a Greek named Constantine, had been a resort of Newton, other members of the Royal Society, and Templars.

36. Saint James's Coffee-house. Near St. James's Palace. A resort of Whig statesmen, military men, and men of fashion.

45. plain Spanish. A simple wine.

48. kidney, temper, humor. A pun on the name of one of the waiters.

scope.

b. 1. casting a figure. Determining the horo

THE SPECTATOR

326. a. 39. Lord Rochester. John Wilmot, Earl of Rochester (1647-80), a fashionable rake and poet of the Restoration period. Sir George Etherege (1639-94). The Restoration dramatist. Like Rochester, a courtly rake.

41. Bully Dawson. d. 1699. A notorious swag gerer and gamester.

26. Littleton or Coke. Sir Thomas Littleton (1402-1481) and Sir Edward Coke (1552-:634) were members of the Inner Temple (above, b. 15). A work of the first with commentary by the second used to be the English authority on the law of real property.

36. Demosthenes. The greatest Greek Orator (384-322 B. C.). Tully. Marcus Tullius Cicero (106-43 B. C.), Roman orator and philosopher.

5-8. The Rose. A tavern adjoining Drury Lane Theater.

327. a. 6. the city of London. The central or business district is so called. Again below, 334. b. 11. 328. a. 10. Duke of Monmouth. The Absolom of Dryden's Absolom and Achitophel. See above, 268 329. a. 43. Sir Richard Blackmore (c. 1650-1729). Physician to William III, and a poet of repute in bis day.

332. a. 29. Martial (Bk. I, 69), Latin poet, first century A, D.

b. 55. Strand Bridge. A landing pier at the foot of Strand Lane, giving access to the Strand. 333. a. 19. The Vainloves. Vainlove is pricious lover' in Congreve's comedy, The Old Bachelor.

ca

·

36. Jonathan's. Coffee-house in Cornhill. The general mart for stock-jobbers.' (Tatler, No. 38.) 337. b. 8. Mr. Buckley's. Buckley was the pub. lisher.

9. Little Britain. A street in London.

341. a. 25. Moll White The witch described in Spectator, No. 117

342. a. 11. The Committee (1665). Comedy by Sir Robert Howard.

15. Distressed Mother. Adaptation, by Ambrose Philips, of Racine's Andromaque. Produced 1712. 24. The Mohocks. Some ruffianly carousers of the upper classes assumed this name. They committed a series of outrages in 1712.

345. b. 49. Mr. Corley, etc. See Cowley's Davideis iii, 403-4.

26. Gallus, Caius Cornelius (c. 69-26). Roman Doet and general.

Propertius, Sextus (c. 50-16 B. C.), poet.

27. Horace. Quintus Horatius Flaccus (65-7 B. C.)., the Roman poet.

Varius. Lucius Varius Rufus, 1st century B. C. Tucca, Plotius Tucca and Lucius Varius were Virgil's literary executors.

Ovid. Publius Ovidius Naso (43 B. C.-c. 17 A. D.).

28. Bavius and Maevius. Inferior Roman poets mentioned by Virgil (Ecl. iii) and Horace (Epode x).

347. a. 40. Sir John Denham. See p. 181.

56. The Art of Criticism. Pope's Essay on Criticism. See p. 350.

poet.

b. 18. Boileau (1636-1711). French critic and

48. Petronius Arbiter. Roman satirical author. Died c 66 A. D.

Quintilian. Marcus Fabius Quintilianus (c. 35c. 95 A. D.), Roman rhetorician.

49. Longinus. See 326. b. 25, note.

348. b. 1-2. Essay on Translated Verse. By Wentworth Dillon, Earl of Roscommon (1634-85).

2-3. Essay on the Art of Poetry. By John Shef field, Duke of Buckinghamshire (1649-1721). 47. The path of an arrow.' Wisdom of Solomon, V, 12-13: The quotation is inaccurate. 349. a. 47. Sir Cloudesley Shovel. Commander o the British fleets from 1705. Drowned 1707.

354 248. E'en thine, O Rome. St. Peter's. 267. La Mancha's Knight. Don Quixote. 270. Dennis stage. John Dennis, the critic and playwright, made sententious references to the dramatic precepts of Aristotle. This allusion and an. other, lines 585-591, initiated Pope's quarrel with him.

328. Fungoso. A character in Ben Jonson's Every Man Out of His Humour, who tries, with out success, to keep up with court fashions. 355. 356. Alexandrine. The succeeding line is an example.

361. Denham. See p. 181 Waller. See p. 178. 372. Camilla. In Virgil's Aeneid vii, 808-11. 374-383. Compare Dryden's Alexander's Feast, p.

Milbourns. Luke Milbourn, a clergyman, attacked Dryden's translation of Virgil.

465. Zoilus. Greek critic of the 4th century B. C., said to have been put to death for criticizing Homer.

357. 483. Such as Chaucer is. Pope and his generation regarded Chaucer as obsolete.

527. Spleen, anger, ill-temper.

536. love was all an easy Monarch's care. The reign of Charles II is referred to.

544. a foreign reign. That of William III. 545. Socinus. Italian unitarian of the sixteenth century.

ened Pope with violence for this delightfully ma licious caricature.

156. bohea. A kind of tea, from the Chinese province whence it was first imported in 1666.

CANTO V

366. 5. The Trojan. Æneas. See Eneid iv, 296 fi. 62. Dapperwit. A brisk, conceited, half-witted fellow of the town' bears this name in Wycher. ley's Love in a Wood.

267. 63. Sir Fopling. Suggested, perhaps, by Sir Fopling Flutter in Etherege's The Man of Mode.

65. Meander. A river of Asia Minor frequently mentioned in classical poetry. Celebrated for its windings.

125. Rome's great founder. Romulus.

126. Proculus. The legend is given in Livy I, 6. 136. Rosamonda's lake. A pond in St. James's Park.

137. Partridge. An astrologer and almanac maker ridiculed by Swift in his Bickerstaff papers. 138. Galileo's eyes. The telescope.

368. 140. Louis. Louis XIV, King of France. Rome. The Papacy.

THE CASTLE OF INDOLENCE 374. 32. Philomel, the nightingale. 375. 75. the rural poets. Those who treated pas toral subjects.

76. Arcadian. See Life of Sidney, p. 81. Sicilian. Sicily was the home of a group of pas toral poets of whom the chief was Theocritus. 98. Lorraine. Claude Lorrain (1600-82), French landscape painter.

99. Rosa, Salvator (c. 1615-1673). Neapolitan painter noted for his battle pieces.

Poussin. Doubtless Nicholas Poussin (1594 1665). French landscape and historical painter. 131. mell, mingle, mix.

MINOR POETS— YOUNG TO CHATTERTON

JOHN GAY: THE SHEPHERD'S WEEK 879. 67. Jack Pudding. A popular nickname for a clown or mountebank's assistant.

68. Toffs, doffs, draws off. There is an old popular amusement called 'draw the glove.' See Brand's Popular Antiquities.

69. raree-shows, peep-shows.

71. 'the children in the wood.' This famous old ballad is in Percy's Reliques.

74. fauchion, falchion. See 404. 62, note. 79-80. For buxom Joan

the maid a wife. The words and music of this song are in D'Urfrey's Pills to Purge Melancholy, Vol. III, pp. 220-221. 82. Chevy-Chace. For this ballad, see p. 42. 91. He sung of Taffy Welch, and Sawney Scot. Taffy (Davy) is the regular nickname for a Welshman, Sawney (Sandy) for a Scotchman. The reference may be to The National Quarrel, D'Urfey's Pills to Purge Melancholy, Vol. II, p. 76.

92. Lilly-bullero. A political ballad which was popular during the Protestant Revolution of 1688. The refrain is drawn from an old Irish song.

The Irish Trot. Possibly the ribald old song, called The Irish Jigg, which is given in D'Urfey's collection, v, 108.

93. Bateman. The reference is to Bateman's Tragedy, preserved in Ritson's Ancient Songs, etc. (ed. Hazlitt), p. 231.

Shore. Jane Shore, the mistress of King Edward IV, was a celebrated character in ballad and drama. See Percy, Reliques, and D'Urfey's Pills to Purge Melancholy, iv, 273.

95. the bower of Rosamond. Rosamond Clifford, the mistress of King Henry II, was the subject of many popular legends, among which was that of the subterranean labyrinth known as Rosamond's bower. Fair Rosamond is the title of a ballad in Percy's Reliques.

Robin Hood. For examples " the Robin Hood ballads, see pp. 38-42.

96. And how the grass, etc. The ballad of Troy town is in Percy's Reliques. In D'Urfrey's Pills to Purge Melancholy, iv, 266, we meet with a ballad called The Wandering Prince of Troy, which contains the line, And corn now grows where Troy town stood.'

4. Cilgarren's castle hall. There are ruins of a thirteenth century castle at Kilgerran, in Southern Wales.

6. Henry. King Henry II, on his expedition for the conquest of Wales and Ireland.

8. Shannon's lakes. Shannon, the principal river of Ireland, flows through a chain of lakes.

12. metheglin, mead, liquor. A Celtic beverage. 20. Mona, Anglesea, an island and county of North Wales.

21. Teivi, the river Teifi, which flows westward into Cardigan Bay.

22. Elvy's vale. Valley of the river Elwy, in Northwestern Wales.

Cader's crown. Cader Idris, a mountain in Northwestern Wales.

24. Ierne's hoarse abyss. The Irish Sea. 26. Radnor's

mountains. Radnor is a county in the interior of Wales.

33. Tintagell. A village on the coast of Corn. wall, the reputed birthplace of King Arthur. crimson'd 40. Camlan's banks. According legend Arthur perished in the battle of Camlan (c. 542).

19 ff.

to

41. Mordred. See Malory's Morte d'Arthur, p. 50. Merlin's agate-axled car. An invention of the magician Merlin.

SONNETS: DUGDALE'S MONASTICON

A huge compilation of English monastic history by Sir William Dugdale (1605-1686) is ordinarily known as Dugdale's Monasticon.

390. 5. Henry's fiercer rage. Henry VIII's disrup tion of the monasteries.