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INITIALS USED IN VOLUME XX. TO IDENTIFY INDIVIDUAL

CONTRIBUTORS, WITH THE HEADINGS OF THE

ARTICLES IN THIS VOLUME SO SIGNED.

A. C. Se.

A. F. P.

A. G. D.

A. G. H.

A. Ha.

A. J. L

ALBERT CHARLES SEWARD, M.A., F.R.S.

Professor of Botany in the University of Cambridge. Hon. Fellow of Emmanuel Palaeobotany: Mesozoic.
College, Cambridge. President of the Yorkshire Naturalists' Union, 1910.

ALBERT FREDERICK POLLARD, M.A., F.R.HIST.S.

Professor of English History in the University of London. Fellow of All Souls'

College, Oxford. Assistant Editor of the Dictionary of National Biography, 1893- Parker, Matthew.
1901. Lothian Prizeman, Oxford, 1892; Arnold Prizeman, 1898. Author of
England under the Protector Somerset; Henry VIII.; Life of Thomas Cranmer; &c.

ARTHUR GEORGE DOUGHTY, M.A., LITT.D., C.M.G.

Dominion Archivist of Canada. Member of the Geographical Board of Canada. Papineau.
Author of The Cradle of New France; &c. Joint-editor of Documents relating to the
Constitutional History of Canada.

ALBERT GEORGE HADCOCK.

Late R.A. Manager, Gun Department, Elswick Works, Newcastle-on-Tyne..
Lieut.-Col. commanding 1st Northumbrian Brigade, R.F.A. (Territorial Forces).
Joint-author of Artillery: its Progress and Present Position; &c.

ADOLF HARNACK.

See the biographical article: HARNACK, ADOLF.

ANDREW JACKSON LAMOUREUX.

Ordnance: History and Con

struction.

Origen.

Librarian, College of Agriculture, Cornell University. Formerly Editor of the Rio Pará.
News, Rio de Janeiro.

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A. Ma.

A. M. Cl.

A. N.

A. P. H.

{Papacy: 1087-13054

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ALEXANDER MACALISTER, M.A., M.D., LL.D., D.Sc., F.R.S., F.S.A.
Professor of Anatomy in the University of Cambridge, and Fellow of St John's Palmistry.
College. Author of Text-Book of Human Anatomy; &c.

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A. S.-P.

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Patron and Client (in part).

Oriole; Ornithology (in part);
Orthonyx; Ortolan;

Osprey; Ostrich; Ousel;
Owl; Oyster-catcher;
Parrot; Partridge.

Orange Free State: History (in part).

Paris: History (in part).
Ostracoderms;

Keeper of Geology, Natural History Museum, South Kensington. Secretary of Owen, Sir Richard;
the Geological Society, London.

ARTHUR WAUGH, M.A.

1

New College, Oxford. Newdigate Prize, 1888. Author of Gordon in Africa: Alfred,
Lord Tennyson. Editor of Johnson's Lives of the Poets; and of editions of Dickens,
Tennyson, Arnold, Lamb; &c.

ARTHUR WILLIAM HOLLAND.

Formerly Scholar of St John's College, Oxford. Bacon Scholar of Gray's Inn, 1900.

Palaeospondylus.

Pater, Walter;
Patmore, Coventry.

Otto of Freising; Palatine;
Paston Letters.

'A complete list, showing all individual contributors, appears in the final volume.

A. W. R.

A. W. W.

B. R.

C. E.*

C. F. A.

C. H. Ha

C. L. K.

C. R.

C. R. B.

ALEXANDER WOOD RENTON, M.A., LL.B.

Puisne Judge of the Supreme Court of Ceylon. Editor of Encyclopaedia of the Laws Patents (in part).
of England.

ADOLPHUS WILLIAM WARD, LITT.D., LL.D.

See the biographical article: WARD, A. W.

SIR BOVERTON REDWOOD, D.Sc., F.R.S. (Edin.), F.I.C., Assoc.INST.C.E., !

M.INST.M.E.

Pantomime.

Adviser on Petroleum to the Admiralty, Home Office, India Office, Corporation of
London, and Port of London Authority. President of the Society of Chemical Ozokerite; Paraffin.
Industry. Member of the Council of the Chemical Society. Member of Council of
Institute of Chemistry. Author of "Cantor" Lectures on Petroleum; Petroleum
and its Products; Chemical Technology; &c.

CHARLES EVERITT, M.A., F.C.S., F.G.S., F.R.A.S.
Formerly Scholar of Magdalen College, Oxford.

CHARLES FRANCIS ATKINSON.

Alkaloids.

{Opium: Chemistry of the Opium

Formerly Scholar of Queen's College, Oxford. Captain, 1st City of London (Royal Orleans: Campaign of 1870.
Fusiliers). Author of The Wilderness and Cold Harbour.

CARLTON HUNTLEY HAYES, A.M., PH.D.

Assistant Professor of History in Columbia University, New York City. Member of
the American Historical Association.

CHARLES LETHBRIDGE KINGSFORD, M.A., F.R.HIST.S., F.S.A.

Assistant Secretary to the Board of Education. Author of Life of Henry V. Editor
of Chronicles of London; and Stow's Survey of London.

CLEMENT REID, F.R.S., F.L.S., F.G.S.

Ozanam; Paschal II.;
Paul I., II. (popes).

Oldcastle, Sir John;
Oxford, 13th Earl of.

District Geologist on H.M. Geological Survey of England and Wales. Author of Palaeobotany: Tertiary.
Origin of the British Flora; &c. Joint-author of Pre-Glacial Flora of Britain;
Fossil Flora of Tegelen.

CHARLES RAYMOND BEAZLEY, M.A., D.LITT., F.R.G.S., F.R.HIST.S.
Professor of Modern History in the University of Birmingham. Formerly Fellow of
Merton College, Oxford, and. University Lecturer in the History of Geography.
Lothian Prizeman, Oxford, 1889. Lowell Lecturer, Boston, 1908. Author of Henry
the Navigator; The Dawn of Modern Geography; &c.

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Keeper of the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford. Fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford.
Fellow of the British Academy. Excavated at Paphos, 1888; Naucratis, 1899 Orontes; Pamphylia.
and 1903: Ephesus, 1904-1905; Assiut, 1906-1907; Director, British School at
Athens, 1897-1900. Director, Cretan Exploration Fund, 1899.

DAVID HANNAY.

Formerly British Vice-Consul at Barcelona. Author of Short History of the Royal·
Navy; Life of Emilio Castelar; &c.

D. H. S.

DUKINFIELD HENRY SCOTT, M.A., PH.D., LL.D., F.R.S.

D. J. H.

Orford, Earl of (Edward

Russell);
Orleanists.

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President of the Linnean Society. Author of Structural Botany; Studies in Fossil Palaeobotany: Palaeozoic.
Bolany; &c.

DAVID JAMES HAMILTON, M.D., F.R.S. (Edin.) (1849-1909).

Professor of Pathology, Aberdeen University, 1882-1907. Author of Text-Book of Pathology (in part).
Pathology; &c.

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Abbot of Downside Abbey, Bath. Author of "The Lausiac History of Palladius," Olivetans; Pachomius, St. in Cambridge Texts and Studies.

E. C. Q.

EDMUND CROSBY QUIGGIN, M.A.

Fellow, Lecturer in Modern Languages, and Monro Lecturer in Celtic, Gonville and
Caius College, Cambridge.

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Ode; Ohlenschläger;

Ottava Rima; Overbury; Paludan-Müller; Pastoral, (Olympia (in part); Parthenon.

E. H. M.

Ed. M.

E. M. H.

E. M. T.

E. M. W.

E. 0.*

E. Pr.

F. C. C.

F. G. P.

ELLIS HOVELL MINNS, M.A.

University Lecturer in Palaeography, Cambridge. Lecturer and Assistant Librarian
at Pembroke College, Cambridge. Formerly Fellow of Pembroke College.
EDUARD MEYER, PH.D., D.LITT. (Oxon.), LL.D.

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Professor of Ancient History in the University of Berlin. Author of Geschichte des Pacorus; Parthia; Alterthums: Geschichte des alten Aegyptens; Die Israeliten und ihre Nachbarstämme. | Parysatis; Pasargadae. EDWARD MORELL HOLMES.

Curator of the Museum of the Pharmaceutical Society, London.

SIR EDWARD MAUNDE THOMPSON, G.C.B., I.S.O., D.C.L, LITT.D., LL.D.
Director and Principal Librarian, British Museum, 1898-1909. Sandars Reader in
Bibliography, Cambridge, 1895-1896. Hon. Fellow of University College, Oxford.
Correspondent of the Institute of France and of the Royal Prussian Academy of
Sciences. Author of Handbook of Greek and Latin Palaeography.. Editor of
Chronicon Angliae. Joint-editor of publications of the Palacographical Society,
the New Palaeographical Society, and of the Facsimile of the Laurentian Sophocles.
REV. EDWARD MEWBURN WALKER, M.A.

Fellow, Senior Tutor and Librarian of Queen's College, Oxford.

EDMUND OWEN, M.B., F.R.C.S., LL.D., D.Sc.

{Opium.

Palaeography;

Palimpsest;
Paper: History;
Papyrus;
Parchment.

Olynthus.

Consulting Surgeon to St Mary's Hospital, London, and to the Children's Hospital,
Great Ormond Street, London. Chevalier of the Legion of Honour. Late Examiner Ovariotomy.
in Surgery at the Universities of Cambridge, London and Durham. Author of
A Manual of Anatomy for Serior Students.
EDGAR PRESTAGE.

Com

Special Lecturer in Portuguese Literature in the University of Manchester.
Examiner in Portuguese in the Universities of London, Manchester, &c.
mendador, Portuguese Order of S. Thiago. Corresponding Member of Lisbon
Royal Academy of Sciences, Lisbon Geographical Society; &c. Editor of Letters
of a Portuguese Nun; Azurara's Chronicle of Guinea; &c.
FREDERICK CORNWALLIS CONYBEARE, M.A., D.TH. (Giessen).

Fellow of the British Academy. Formerly Fellow of University College, Oxford.
Editor of The Ancient Armenian Texts of Aristotle. Author of Myth, Magic and
Morals; &c.

FREDERICK GYMER PARSONS, F.R.C.S., F.Z.S., F.R.ANTHROP.INST.

Vice-President, Anatomical Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Lecturer on
Anatomy at St Thomas's Hospital and the London School of Medicine for Women,
London. Formerly Hunterian Professor at the Royal College of Surgeons.
FERNAND KHNOPFF.

See the biographical article: KиNOPFF, F. E. J. M.

Oliveira Martins;
Osorio.

Paul of Samosata;
Paulicians.

Olfactory System;
Pancreas.

{Painting: Modern Belgian

Orange Free State (in part).

Paterson, William.

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Physician to Charing Cross Hospital. Pathologist to the London County Asylums. Paralysis.
Fullerian Professor of Physiology at the Royal Institution.

G. A. C.*

G. B. B.

Professor of Church History, University of Freiburg-im-Breisgau, 1878-1901. Papacy: 1870-1900.
Author of Geschichte der christlichen Kunst; &c.

GEORGE ABRAHAM GRIERSON, C.I.E., PH.D., D.LITT.

Member of the Indian Civil Service, 1873-1903. In charge of Linguistic Survey

of India, 1898-1902. Gold Medallist, Royal Asiatic Society, 1909. Vice-President Pahari.

of the Royal Asiatic Society. Formerly Fellow of Calcutta University. Author of
The Languages of India; &c.

REV. GEORGE ALBERT COOKE, D.D.

Oriel Professor of the Interpretation of Holy Scripture, and Fellow of Oriel College, Palmyra.
Oxford. Canon of Rochester. Hon. Canon of St Mary's Cathedral, Edinburgh.

GERARD BALDWIN BROWN, M.A.

Professor of Fine Art, University of Edinburgh. Formerly Fellow of Brasenose Painting.
College, Oxford. Author of The Fine Arts; The Arts in Early England; &c.

GEORGE BROWN GOODE (1851-1896).

Assistant Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, Washington, 1887-1896. Author Oyster (in part).
of American Fishes.
GEORGE CHRYSTAL, M.A., LL.D.

Professor of Mathematics and Dean of the Faculty of Arts, Edinburgh University. Pascal (in part).

G. B. G.

{

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G. E.

G. H. C.

GEORGE EARL CHURCH.

See the biographical article: CHURCH, G. E.

GEORGE HERBERT CARPENTER, B.SC.

Professor of Zoology in the Royal College of Science, Dublin. Author of Insects: Orthoptera.
their Structure and Life.

GEORGE SAINTSBURY, LL.D., D.C.L.

See the biographical article: SAINTSBURY, GEORGE E. B.

GERMAN SIMS WOODHEAD, M.A., M.D., F.R.S. (Edin.).

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Professor of Pathology, Cambridge University. Fellow of Trinity Hall, Cambridge. Parasitic Diseases.
Member of Royal Commission on Tuberculosis, 1902.

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H. F. B.

H. F. G.

H. F. O.

H. F. P.

H. Ja.

HENRY BRADLEY, M.A., PH.D.

HUGH CHISHOLM, M.A.

Formerly Scholar of Corpus Christi College, Oxford. Editor of the 11th edition of Parliament (in part).
the Encyclopaedia Britannica. Co-editor of the 10th edition.

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Strickland Curator and Lecturer on Zoology in the University of Cambridge. Odontornithes.
Author of "Amphibia and Reptiles," in the Cambridge Natural History.

HENRY FAIRFIELD OSBORN, LL.D., D.Sc., F.R.S. (Edin.).

Da Costa Professor of Zoology, Columbia University, New York. President,

American Museum of Natural History, New York. Curator of Department of Palaeontology.
Vertebrate Palaeontology. Palaeontologist U.S. Geological Survey. Author of
From the Greeks to Darwin; &c.

HENRY FRANCIS PELHAM, LL.D., D.C.L.

See the biographical article: PELHAM, HENRY FRANCIS.

HENRY JACKSON, LITT.D., LL.D., O.M.

Regius Professor of Greek in the University of Cambridge. Fellow of Trinity

{otho, Marcus S.

College. Fellow of the British Academy. Author of Texts to illustrate the History of Parmenides of Elea.
Greek Philosophy from Thales to Aristotle.

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