Kellogg

influence, delighting by his flashing, caustic wit and his graceful elegance. See Samlade Skrifter (1884-5).

Kellogg, CLARA LOUISE (1842), American singer, born at Sumterville, S. C. She studied music in New York, which became her permanent place of residence, and made her first appearance as

82

In 1879 she sang at St. Petersburg and Vienna, retiring about this time from the operatic stage, and appearing only in concerts. Miss Kellogg married Carl Strakosch, nephew of the impresario Max Strakosch.

Kellogg, MARTIN (1828-1903), American educator, was born at Vernon, Conn., graduated (1850)

The Book of Kells'-First Page of St. Mark's Gospel.

Gilda in Rigoletto at the New York Academy of Music (1861). Her Marguerite in Gounod's Faust (1864) at the same opera house was her first great success. After performing in Lucia di Lammermoor and The Barber of Seville, she made her appearance in London (1867), visiting England again in 1872 and 1879. She organized her own English opera company, and subsequently an Italian company, in both of which many famous opera singers received their first recognition.

at Yale, and studied theology at the Union Theological Seminary. After several years of missionary work in California, he filled classical chairs at the College and University of California from 1860 to 1890, when he became acting president (president, 1893) of the university, retiring as professor emeritus in 1899. He edited various Latin texts.

Kellogg, SAMUEL HENRY (1839-99), American clergyman, was born at Quogue, L. I., N. Y., and graduated (1861) at Prince

Kelly

ton, at whose theological school he studied for the ministry. He was a missiona-y in India from 1865 to 1877, returning in the latter year to become pastor of a church in Pittsburg and professor of systematic theology in Allegheny seminary. He was (188692) pastor of a church in Toronto, Canada, returning to India, 1892, to devote himself to translating the Bible and other works into the Hindu dialects. His publications include The Light of Asia and the Light of the World (1885) and The Genesis and Growth of Religion (1892).

Kellogg, WILLIAM PITT (1831), American soldier and political leader, born in Orwell, Vt. He was educated at the Norwich (Vt.) Military Academy, removed to Ill. in 1848, was admitted to the bar in 1853, and became a prominent lawyer and political leader, taking part in the organization of the Republican party in Ill. and being a member of the Republican National Convention at Chicago in 1860. He was chief-justice of the territory of Nebraska (1861-3), and while holding this position served as colonel of volunteers on the Federal side in the early part of the Civil War. He was collector of the port of New Orleans (1865-8), and was a Republican member of the U. S. Senate from Louisiana (1868-72 and 1877-83). From 1873-77 he was governor of La., securing the office only after a long and bitter contest with his Democratic opponent, Samuel D. McEnery, who also claimed to be elected, two state governments being maintained for a time and Kellogg being finally recognized as governor by Pres. Grant and Congress. In 1881-3 he was a Republican representative in Congress.

Kells, tn., co. Meath, Ireland, 9 m. w.N.W. of Navan. It has an old church tower (rebuilt 1578), a round tower, St. Columba's house, and three or four crosses. Kells was an archiepiscopal see from 807; the see was joined with Meath in the 13th century. The Book of Kells, a copy of the gospels, now preserved in Trinity Colfege, Dublin, is most elaborately and exquisitely ornamented. Pop. (1901) 2,428.

Kelly, JAMES EDWARD (1855), American sculptor, was born in N. Y. city, and while apprenticed to a wood engraver studied in the schools of the Academy of Design. He was also one of the organizers of the Art Students League. In 1875, with Edwin A. Abbey, he established at New York his famous wood-engraving studio, where Cole and other wellknown engravers were associated with him. He subsequently turned his attention to sculpture

Kelly

and exhibited his statuette, Sheridan's Ride, at the Academy of Design, 1879. Other works are the bas-reliefs for the Monmouth monument, statue of General Grant at Donelson (1886), General Sherman, and Col. Roosevelt at San Juan Hill.

Kelly, JOHN (1821-86), American politician, was born in N. Y. city, and received a common school education. He was apprenticed to a mason, entering into business on his own account in 1845. His first political office was that of alderman of the 14th ward of New York (1854), he having obtained a large following as a volunteer fireman and Tammany politician. He was U. S. congressman, 1858-61, and sheriff of New York, 1861-67. He was defeated by Oakey Hall for the mayoralty at this time, and passed three years in Europe. As a Tammany magnate he was opposed to Tweed, and, on the downfall of the latter, he became 'boss' of the organization, a position he held until 1884, having a large influence in local and national Democratic political affairs.

Kelly, MICHAEL (c. 1764-1826), Irish singer and composer, was born in Dublin and began his musical studies under good masters at an early age. He continued his studies in Italy, and sang in various cities of that country and in Vienna, 1780-7, filling the part of principal tenor in the latter years of his stay on the Continent, where he formed friendships with Gluck, Mozart and other famous composers. His career in Great Britain, from 1787 to an unfortunate business venture which ended in bankruptcy in 1811, was one of great success as singer, composer and manager. He composed the airs and frequently the overtures for more than fifty plays produced at Drury Lane Theatre.

Kelly, WILLIAM (1811-88), American inventor, was born in Pittsburg, Pa., and received a common school education. He early developed a taste for mechanics and, after an unsuccessful business venture, began the manufacture of cast and forged iron at the Eddyville works in Kentucky 1846). The following year he was the first to convert melted cast-iron into malleable steel by blowing air in jets through the mass in fusion. The method was known as 'Kelly's air-boiling process.' He obtained patents for his processes, and a company was organized to make use of them. Mr. Kelly was the first to bring Chinamen to the U. S. as laborers, his object being to replace slave labor.

Kelp is the ash obtained by burning seaweeds, that of most value being obtained from drift

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weed, consisting of plants growing wholly below low tide. Although formerly it was the sodium carbonate that was most valued, of recent years it has been the potash and the iodine contents that have been the most desired; but owing to the discovery of other and cheaper sources of these substances, kelp has largely lost its value even in these respects, and its production has greatly fallen off." The seaweed is burned in shallow pits, the salts left melting into a coherent slag. The product contains roughly about 14 per cent. of potassium sulphate, 17 per cent. of potassium chloride, 14 per cent. of sodium chloride, 4 per cent. of sodium carbonate-the balance being insoluble matter, moisture, and traces of other salts, including sodium iodide, from which from 10 to 12 lbs. of iodide to the ton of kelp is obtained, an amount that would be far greater were more pains taken in the burning. The seaweed itself is also known as kelp, and is used extensively as a fertilizer.

Kelp-Crab, a rather large, squarish, maioid crab (Epialtus productus) of the California coast, which inhabits rocky, weed-covered shores, and is eaten.

Kelp-Fish, a fish, 15-17 in. long, common in the markets of San Francisco, Cal., and obtained from the kelp-beds near the coast. It is related to the blennies, and the name is extended to several other similar but more useless fishes.

Kelpie, a being in Scottish tradition, sometimes described as having the appearance of a man, and in that guise wooing maidens; at other times resembling a shaggy horse. It is associated with the sea and with rivers, other alternative names being 'tangie' and 'shelly-coat.' Hugh Miller's account of the river Conon kelpie, the water-spirit referred to in the Heart of Midlothian (ch. iii., footnote 1), and the Irish 'red man of the Boyne,' all represent a river genius who, on the approach of a person fated to be drowned in the river, arises out of the water and proclaims the victim's impending doom.

Kelso, tn. in Roxburghshire, Scotland, 42 m. s.E. of Edinburgh, at the junction of the Tweed and the Teviot. The former is crossed by a fine bridge of five arches, erected by Rennie in 1803. Sir Walter Scott and the Ballantynes were school-fellows at the old grammar school adjoining the abbey, and Horatius Bonar, the hymn-writer, was minister for thirty years in the Free church. The main industries are coach building, agricul

Kelvin

tural machinery making, fishingtackle making, and milling, St. James's fair, associated with the ancient burgh of Roxburgh, on the opposite side of the Tweed, is still held annually in August.. The abbey, Early Pointed Gothic and Norman, founded by David I. in 1128, is now a ruin. It was almost destroyed in 1542, and in 1560 was wrecked by the reformers. The town itself was burned by Lord Dacre in 1522. Floors Castle, the seat of the dukes of Roxburgh, and Springwood Park, that of Sir George Douglas, are close to the town. Pop. (1901)— par. 4,525, tn. 4,008.

Kelt. See SALMON.
Kelts. See CELTS.

Kelung, seapt., Formosa, Japan, on N.E. coast; is connected by rail with Taiwan. The French bombarded it in 1884. Coal, rice, camphor, and ground-nut oil are exported. Pop. 10,000.

Kelvin, WILLIAM THOMSON, LORD (1824), was born at Belfast. After graduating as second wrangler and first Smith's prizeman at Cambridge (1845), he was appointed (1846) to the chair of natural philosophy in Glasgow University, a post he retained till 1899. His research work includes all branches of mathematical and practical physics. In heat, his principal work has been in extending thermodynamical principles-notably in devising a method of arriving at an absolute scale of temperature, in discovering the 'JouleThomson effect,' and in enunciating the principle of the dissipation of energy. In general physics, he has done much to apply mathematics as a means of expressing the relations of observed facts; and in particular he has worked out most fertile ideas as to the nature of the ether, of inertia, and the application of vortex motion to explain the properties of atoms. His principal work, however, is probably in the field of electricity and magnetism, the first fruit of which appeared in the paper he published in 1845 on the laws of electrostatics, and which was greatly developed in his researches on electrodynamics and submarine telegraphy. These theoretical investigations he applied to the Atlantic and other cables from 1857 to 1879, and used in his invention of innumerable instruments of the highest precision for the use both of the investigator and of the practical man. Among the best known of these appliances are the reflecting galvanometer, the siphon recorder, several forms of electrometer, the ampère balance, electrostatic voltmeter, and electric-supply meters. He has also taken much interest in navigation, and in this connection invented

Kelvin's Replenisher

an improved form of mariner's compass and an invaluable sounding-machine, besides working out methods for compass correction and for the investigation of tidal phenomena. In addition to three series of monographs-viz. (1) Electrostatics and Magnetism (ed. 1884), (2) Mathematical and Physical Papers (1882-4), and (3) Popular Addresses-he has also published Baltimore Lectures on Molecular Dynamics and Wave Theory of Light (1904), and, in collaboration with Prof. P. G. Tait, A Treatise on Natural Philosophy (1879-83). He was given a peerage in 1892. See Fitzgerald's Lord Kelvin (1899).

Kelvin's Replenisher. ELECTROSTATIC MACHINES.

See

Kemble, ADELAIDE (?181479), English singer and author, daughter of Charles Kemble (1775-1854), born in London. She sang in grand opera in Germany and at Paris (1837-8), and at Covent Garden, London (18412), being described by some critics as the greatest English vocalist of the century.' She retired in 1842. The best known of her graceful writings is A Week in a French Country House (1867).

Kemble, CHARLES (1775-1854), British actor, youngest brother of John Philip Kemble and Mrs. Siddons, was born at Brecon in Wales. He joined his famous brother at Drury Lane (1794), playing secondary parts. Charles's chief laurels were won in comedy. He was appointed examiner of plays (1836).

Kemble, ELIZABETH (17611836), English actress, daughter of Roger Kemble, at first played Portia in London. In 1785 she married Mr. Whitlock and went with him to the U. S. (1792), where he died. She was more popular in this country than in England, and played on one occasion before Pres. Washington at Philadelphia. She returned to London in 1807, reappeared at the Drury Lane, and soon thereafter retired.

Kemble, FRANCES ANNE(180993), English actress and writer, known as Fanny Kemble, daughter of Charles Kemble, was born in London, and reluctantly joined the stage (1829), when her Juliet at Covent Garden proved an extraordinary success. While acting in the U. S. (1832-4) she married Pierce Butler, of Philadelphia, and thereafter lived in that city and on the Butler plantation in Ga. until 1847, when she left her husband and returned to England. In 1849 she returned to the U. S., got a divorce from Butler, and made her home in Lenox, Mass. Except for brief appearances on the stage and as Shakespearean reader, she lived subsequently in retirement. She published

84

poems, two plays, and six autobiographical works, the best known of which are Records of a Girlhood (1878), Records of a Later Life (1882), and Further Records, 1848-83 (1890). See Letters of Edward Fitzgerald to Fanny Kemble (1895), and Parton's Eminent Women of the Age (1869).

Kemble, GOUVERNEUR (17861875), American manufacturer, was born in N. Y. city, graduated (1803) at Columbia, and after a business training served as U. S. consul at Cadiz and was business agent of the U. S. government at Mediterranean ports during the war of 1815 with Algeria. Returning to America, he set up a foundry at Cold Spring on the Hudson, among the products of which were cannon far superior to anything manufactured in the U. S. up to that time. Mr. Kemble was a Democratic member of Congress, 1837-75, and filled other public offices. He is remembered as the friend of Washington Irving and James K. Paulding, and owned the house near Newark, N. J., celebrated as 'Cockloft Hall' in Salmagundi.

Kemble, JOHN MITCHELL (1807-57), English philologist and historian, son of Charles Kemble, born in London. He published the Poem of Beowulf (1837) with translation, notes, etc.; Codex Diplomaticus Evi Saxonici (183948), containing some 1,400 early English documents; A History of the Saxons in England (1849); the Gospel of St. Matthew in Anglo-Saxon and Northumbrian (1856); and Hora Ferales (post., 1863). He was also licenser of plays.

Kemble, JOHN PHILIP (17571823), English actor, was born at Prescott, Lancashire. He first played at Wolverhampton (1776), afterwards appearing at York and Dublin. In 1783 he surprised London by his novel and powerful performance of Hamlet at Drury Lane; after which he played leading tragic rôles (Macbeth, Coriolanus, Cato, Othello) for some years, with rapidly increasing reputation. He became manager of Drury Lane (17881802), and from 1803-8 manager and part owner of Covent Garden Theatre, when he ranked as England's greatest living tragic actor, as his sister, Mrs. Siddons, was the greatest actress. The O. P. ('Old Prices') riots occurred in 1809, in consequence of his having raised the admission rates

to

Covent Garden (rebuilt); but he speedily overcame his unpopularity by the magnificent acting of his riper years. He retired from the stage in 1817. See Memoirs by Boaden (1825), Fitzgerald's Account of the Kemble Family

Kemper

(1871), and Baker's English Actors from Shakespeare to Macready (1879).

Kemp, GEORGE MEIKLE (17951844), Scottish architect, born at Moorfoot, Peebles; studied architecture while travelling as a journeyman carpenter through England and France. His bestknown work is the beautiful Scott Monument in Edinburgh (1838). Kemp was drowned in the canal at Edinburgh before the completion of the monument. See Biog. Sketch by Bonnar (1892).

Kemp, JAMES FURMAN (1859), American geologist, was born in N. Y. city, and was educated at Amherst College, the Columbia School of Mines, and in the universities of Leipzig and Munich. He was instructor (1886-88) and then assistant professor (1888-91) of geology at Cornell, and adjunct professor at Columbia from 1891 to 1894, when he became full professor. He is a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, was made vice-president of the section on geology and geography (1900), and has been connected with the U. S. Geological Survey and the N. Y. State Geological Survey. He has published Ore Deposits of the United States and Canada (1893, 1900) and Handbook of Rocks (1896, 1901).

Kempen, tn., Rhine piov., Prussia, 7 m. N.w. of Krefeld; has manufactures of silk and velvet. It was the birthplace of Thomas à Kempis (1379). Pop. (1900) 6,319.

Kempenfelt, RICHARD (171882), British rear-admiral. He fought in Pocock's actions with D'Aché off Cuddalore, Negapatam, and Pondichery in India (1758 and 1759). In December 1781 he signalized himself by scattering a French convoy escorted by a powerful fleet, and capturing several merchant ships. In 1782 he perished on board the Royal George, which capsized off Spithead. He invented a system of signalling which was adopted and improved by Lord Howe.

Kemper, JAMES LAWSON (1823-95), American soldier and political leader, born in Madison co., Va. He served (1847-8) in the Mexican War as captain of volunteers, practised law, and for many years was a member of the Va. legislature, being for two years speaker of the lower house. In the Civil War he served with distinction in the Confederate army, rising from the rank of colonel (1861) to that of major-general (1864), and being severely wounded in Pickett's famous charge on the third day of the battle of Gettysburg. He was governor of Va. (1874-8).

Kempff, LOUIS (1843), American naval officer, born in Belle

Kempis

ville Ill. He was educated at the U. S. Naval Academy (185761); served on the steam frigate Wabash and the supply steamer Connecticut in the Civil War, becoming a lieutenant in August 1862; became a commander in 1876, a captain in 1891, and a rear-admiral in 1899. He commanded the Mare Island Navy Yard, Cal. (1899), was sent to the Philippine Islands in 1899, and in 1900 commanded the American naval force in the harbor of Taku, China, at the time of the Boxer uprising, he being the only foreign commander who refused to take part in the bombardment of the Chinese forts. In 1903 he was put in command of the Pacific Naval Station.

Kempis, THOMAS À (c. 13731471), religious writer, was born at Kempen, N.W. of Düsseldorf, in the diocese of Cologne. When twelve years of age he became a pupil of the 'Brotherhood of the Common Life' at Deventer, and came under the tuition of Florentius Radewijus, whose biography-that of a revered master -he afterwards wrote. Leaving the school of the 'Brotherhoo 1,' he spent five years (1400-5) in the Augustinian house of Mt. St. Agnes, near Zwolle, in the Netherlands, of which his elder brother was prior. There, too, after a year of probation, he assumed the monastic dress (1406), and in 1413 was ordained priest. At Mt. St. Agnes he lived in sweet tranquillity till his death. Once he had occasion to travel to Windesheim, and in 1429 he, with the rest of the brethren, retired to Lunekerke, whence in 1431 he hastened to a convent near Arnheim, and there, for fourteen months, tenderly nursed his dying brother. Altogether his absences might amount to about three years out of seventy-two. Sub-prior (1425), a short time bursar, and again sub-prior (144871), he loved the quiet round of copying good books, writing tracts and teaching novices, supplemented by solitary meditation. Besides the Imitation, Thomas is author of Meditations on Christ's Life, The Soul's Soliloquy, Garden of Roses. Valley of lilies, Lives, Tracts, Sermons, Letters, and Hymns. He further wote in a beautiful hand the Bible in 4 vols., a Mass book, the pincipal works of St. Bernard, and copies of his own works.

The influence of the spiritual and contemplative life of the Brotherhood is seen throughout his writings. It was a commurity spontaneously formed by Goot and Radewijus in the interest of the inner life of Christianity as distinguished from rigid scholasticism. 'Not the letter of the law but the spirit.'

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'Brothers of a common life of good will,' they were to help one another and all within their sphere of influence to live a life of unworldliness, self-denial, godliness. In 1386 they founded the monastery of Windesheim, which within thirty years gave origin to forty-five similar convents. The Brotherhood was no company of idlers. They diligently multiplied copies of the Bible and other books which they supplied for sale. They supported themselves by tilling the ground and plying handicrafts. Each brother took his weekly turn of housework, drawing water, fetching fuel, and attending to the kitchen. They took part in the work of the grammar schools at Deventer, and planted other schools-the one at Herzogenbusch having 1,200 pupils, and that of Zwolle having nearly 1,000. In the schools the gospels were made the foundation on which to superimpose the Acts, Paul's epistles, and the lives of the fathers.

The Imitation is a ripe product and interpretation of the life of the Brotherhood. In its own straitened, painful way the book yet reaches down, below all superficial distinctions, to catholic humanity. Thomas derives all good from love; all evil from want of love. He also draws a very broad distinction between (external) knowledge and (inward) wisdom. He is far from disparaging books. A priest without holy books is like a soldier without arms, a bird without wings, a writer without pens.' The key to the right interpretation of anything is uprightness of heart. Were thy heart right, then were unto thee every crea ture a mirror of life and a book of holy doctrine.' The indispensable condition to book-learning is to be up to that level. 'To know the whole Bible by heart and the sayings of all philosophers avails naught without the fove of God in the heart, in relation to which alone has anything any meaning.' The Imitation has thus appealed to the hearts of men so far apart from one another as Luther, Johnson, Leibniz, Lamartine, General Gordon, Comte, George Eliot, who have found in it a common meeting ground. Classical in substance, the book has also beauty of form, simplicity, transparency, repose, brevity, and rhythm. There is still a controversy as to the authorship of the Imitation, but the balance of opinion is in favor of Thomas. The book has gone through many thousands of editions, and has been translated into every civilized language and many barbarous dialects. The existing

Kenath

MSS. are counted at 400; six (all of the 15th century) are in the British Museum. The most ancient perfect MS. in Thomas's own hand is in the Bourgogne Library at Brussels; it is dated 1441. The life of Thomas is given in the Nürenberg edition of his works (1494); also by Heribertus Rosweide (1616). There is an edition of his collected works by Sommallus (1759). Among the many English translations the first rhythmic one (1889), Dean Stanhope's (1866), Bishop Goodwin's (1868), Benham's (1874), and C. Bigg's (1898). See also Bibliography in Wolfsgruber's Gersen (1880), the Life by Brewer (1676) by Butler (1814), and Scully's The Life of the Venerable Thomas à Kempis (1901).

are

Kempten, tn., Bavaria, Schwaben, on the Iller, 81 m. by rail s.w. of Munich. Cottons, paper, wooden wares, machinery, and hosiery are manufactured. The abbey was founded in 773; the abbot in 1360 was made a prince of the empire. Here in 1796 the French defeated the Austrians. Pop. (1900) 18,864.

He

Ken, THOMAS (1637-1711), English prelate and hymn-writer, was born at one of the Berkhampsteads, Hertfordshire; became rector of Little Easton, Essex (1663-5), and of Brightsone, Isle of Wight (1667-9). Thereafter, till 1672, he was a prebend at Winchester, and rector at E. Woodhay, Hampshire. In 167980 he was appointed chaplain at the Hague to Mary, wife of William, Prince of Orange, and in 1683 chaplain with Lord Dartmouth at Tangier. Then he was nominated (1685) by Charles II. bishop of Bath and Wells. attended both the king and the Duke of Monmouth in their last hours. Under James II. he was one of the 'seven bishops' sent to the Tower, and in 1691 was deprived of his see as a nonjuror. Ken wrote many beautiful hymns, such as 'Awake, my soul, and with the sun;' 'Evening Hymn,' and especially the familiar doxology, Praise God, from whom all blessings flow.' He also composed Hymns for Morning, Evening, and Midnight (1695); Practice of Divine Love (1685); A Letter to Archbishop Tenison (1695), reprinted in 1703 as A Dutifull Letter from a Prelate to a Prelate; collected Works (4) vols. 1721). See Lives by Hawkins (1713), Bowles (1830), Anderdon (1851-4), and specially Dean Plumptre (1888–90).

Kenai Peninsula, Alaska, between Cook Inlet and the Gulf of Alaska. There are coal mines and gold deposits, and large fish canning interests. Fork Kenai is on the N.W. coast.

Kenath, Biblical city of Ma

Kendal

nasseh beyond Jordan, called also Nobah (Num. 32:42). Nobah is noticed Judg. 8:11) with Jogbehah (Jubeihah) in Central Cilead; but the whole of Bashan belonged to Manassch.

Kendal, or KIRKBY KENDAL, munic, bor. Westmorland, England, 9 m. S.E. of Lake Windermere. Near the town are the ruins of a castle noted as the birthplace of Queen Catherine Parr (1509). Manufactures include woollens, hosiery, and carpets, boots and shoes, fishhooks, gunpowder, and paper. Pop. (1901) 14,183.

Kendal, MARGARET GRIMSTON (1849), English actress, was born at Great Grimsby, Lincolnshire, and made her debut in London as Ophelia (1865). In 1869 she married William Kendal, the actor. Continuing to appear at the Haymarket Theatre, she achieved a great success as Lilian Vavasour in New Men and Old Acres (1869). In 1875 she played in London under John Hare at the Court Theatre, under Bancroft at the Prince of Wales's, and at the St. James's, of which her husband and Mr. John Hare were joint-managers (1879-88). She shared in her husband's successful American tours (1889-95). A series of articles entitled 'Dramatic Opinions,' contributed to Murray's Magazine, were from her pen.

Kendal, WILLIAM HUNTER, stage name of WILLIAM HUNTER GRIMSTON (1843), English actor, born in London. He gained his first experience in Glasgow (186166), and in 1866 appeared at the Haymarket Theatre, London, in A Dangerous Friend. Here he subsequently played Orlando, Romeo, Pygmalion, and other parts with success. After appearing at the Court Theatre and the Prince of Wales's, he joined Mr. John Hare in the management of the St. James's Theatre (1879-88). In 1869 he married Miss Margaret (Madge) Robertson, and with her toured in America from 1889-95, meeting with widespread appreciation.

at

Kendall, AMOS (1789-1869), American politician, born Dunstable, Mass. He graduated from Dartmouth College in 1811, and removed to Kentucky (1814), where he was first a tutor in the family of Henry Clay and later as editor of the Argus at Frankfort acquired great political influence. During Pres. Jackson's administration he held a minor office in the Treasury Department (182935), was perhaps the most influential of the coterie of the President's advisers known the Kitchen Cabinet,' and was postmaster-general of the U.S. in the cabinets of Presidents Jackson and Van Buren (1835-40). founded at Washington, D. C.,

as

He

86

the Columbian Institution for the Deaf, Dumb and Blind, which in 1864 became the Gallaudet College for the Deaf. Kendall published a Life of Andrew Jackson (1843). See his Autobiography (1872).

Kendall, GEORGE WILKINS (1809-67), American journalist, born at Amherst, N. H. After working as a printer in various newspaper offices at various places, he, in association with F. A. Lumsden, founded (1837) the New Orleans Picayune, one of the most influential journals in the South. He served on the staff of Gen. Taylor during the Mexican War, and wrote for his paper articles concerning the military operations which attracted much attention; he was, indeed, probably the first of the modern type of war correspondents in America. He published Narratives of the Santa Fé Expedition (2 v. 1844; enlarged ed. 2 v. 1856), which was, for a time, extremely popular; and The War between the United States and Mexico (1851).

Kendall, HENRY CLARENCE (1841-82), poet of the Australian bush,' was born in Ulladalla district, New South Wales. His principal poems-vigorous and sympathetically descriptive-are: At Long Bay, Leaves from an Australian Forest (1869), and Songs from the Mountains (1880). A volume of Selections, with Memoir, appeared in 1886. See also Sir Douglas Sladen's Australian Poets (1888).

Kendallville, city, Noble co., Ind., on the L. Shore and Mich. S., the Grand Rap. and Ind., and the Toledo and Chi. Interurban R. Rs., 28 m. N. of Fort Wayne. It is situated in a good farming district, and its chief manufactures are windmills, pumps, refrigerators, flour, lumber, invalid tables, bee-keepers' supplies, etc. It has well-constructed civic buildings, an opera house, and the large power house of the Toledo and Chicago Interurban R. R. is located here. The city Owns and operates its waterworks and electric lighting plants. It was first settled in 1850 and incorporated in 1866. Pop. (1900) 3,354.

Kendrapara, munic. tn., Cuttack dist., Bengal, India, 35 m. E. of Cuttack. Pop. (1901) 17,245.

Kenealy, EDWARD VAUGHAN HYDE (1819-80), barrister, born at Cork; called to the English bar (1847); became Q.c.; and in 1873, as counsel for the Tichborne claimant, was censured for eccentric and violent conduct. Having savagely attacked Chiefjustice Cockburn and others in the Englishman, he was disbarred (1874). He was elected M.P. for Stoke (1875).

Kennebec

Keneh, or QINA, chief tn. of prov. of that name, Egypt, 414 m. s. of Cairo and 24 m. from the r. bk. of the Nile. Porous jars and water-bottles are manufactured. Pop. 15,400. The province has an area of 544 sq. m., and population (1897) of 711,457.

Kenesaw Mountain, a Mt. in Cobb co., Ga., near the vil. of Kenesaw, and 25 m. N.w. of Atlanta. Its height is about 1,800 ft. It is notable on account of a battle fought there on June 27, 1864, between the Union forces, commanded by Gen. Sherman, and the Confederates, under Gen. Joseph E. Johnston. The latter was able to repulse the Union army.

Keng Tung. See SHAN STATES. Kenilworth. (1.) Market tn., Warwickshire, England, 5 m. N. of Warwick. Ruins still survive of its castle, founded in the time of Henry 1. The younger De Montfort held it for six months against Henry III, who issued the Dictum de Kenilworth (1266). Edward II. was imprisoned here. Queen Elizabeth bestowed the castle on Dudley, Earl of Leicester, who here entertained his sovereign with splendid pageants. (See Scott's Kenilworth.) It was taken by Cromwell and subsequently destroyed. Pop. (1901) 4,544. (2.) A suburb of Cape Town, Cape Colony. (3.) Model village for workmen of the De Beers Company, Kimberley, Cape Colony.

Kennan, GEORGE (1845), American author and lecturer, was born at Norwalk, O., and received a high school education. He was first a telegraph operator, and was manager of the Western Union office at Cincinnati, 1863-4. From 1865 to 1871 he was engaged in telegraph construction and explorations in Siberia and Caucasia, this experience serving him in good stead during his subsequent investigations of the Siberian exile system, 1885-6, which are embodied in his Siberia and the Exile System (1891). Returning to the U.S., his lectures and writings describing the situation in Siberia led to his expulsion from Russia when he again visited that country (1901). After several years of lecturing Mr. Kennan became in 1898 correspondent for the Outlook, reporting for that periodical the Spanish-American war in Cuba (1898), the effects of the eruption of Mont Pelée in the island of Martinique (1902), and the Russo-Japanese war (1904-5), with further observations on the rule of the Japanese in Korea. He published Tent Life in Siberia (1870), Campaigning in Cuba (1899), Folk Tales of Napoleon (1902), The Tragedy of Pelée (1902), and many uncollected articles in the periodicals.

Kennebec, riv., Maine, rising