CONSTITUTION. 21 of the United States, and treaties made, or which shall be made under their authority; to all cases affecting ambassadors, or other public ministers and consuls; to all cases of admiralty and maritime jurisdiction; to controversies to which the United States shall be a party; to controversies between two or more States, between a State and citizens of another State; between citizens of different States; between citizens of the same State, claiming lands under grants of different [*Restric States, and between a State or the citizens thereof, and on by Art. foreign States, citizens or subjects.* tion Amend- Jurisdiction 2. In all cases affecting ambassadors, or public ministers or consuls, and those in which a State shall be a of Supreme party, the supreme court shall have original jurisdic- Court, tion. In all other cases before mentioned, the supreme court shall have appelate jurisdiction, both as to law and fact, with such exceptions, and under such regulations as the Congress shall make. Crimes. 3. The trial of all crimes, except in cans of impeach- Trial of ment, shall be by a jury; and such trial shall be held in the State where the said crime shall have been committed; but wheu not committed in any State, the trial shall be at such place or places as the Congress may by law have directed. SECTION 3. 1. Treason against the United States shall consist Treasson, only in levying war against them, or in adhering to their enemies; giving them aid and comfort. No person shall be convicted of treason, unless on the testimony of two witnesses to the same overt act, or on confession in open court. ment. 2. The Congress shall have power to declare the Its punishpunishment of treason; but no attainder of treason shall work corruption of blood or forfeit, except during the life of the person attained. ARTICLE IV. SECTION 1., 1. Full faith and credit shall be given in each State to the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other State. And the Congress may, by general laws, prescribe the manner in which such acts, records and proceedings shall be proved, and the effect thereof. Faith to be given to he States, acts, etc; of Reciprocity of citizen ship. Criminals to be delivered up. Also, runa SECTION 2.0 1. The citizens of each State shall be entitled to all privileges and immunities of citizens in the several States. 2. A person charged in any State with treason, felony or other crime, who shall flee from justice, and be found in another State, shall, on demand of executive authority of the State from which he fled, be delivered up, to be removed to the State having jurisdiction of the crime. 3. No person held to service or labor in one State, way slaves under the laws thereof, escaping into another, shall, in consequence of any law or regulation therein, be discharged from such service or labor; but shall be delivered up on claim of the party to whom such service or labor may be due. Admission of new States. Power of Congress over territory, etc. Guarantee and protec State, 1. New States may be admitted by the Congress into this Union, but no new State shall be formed or erected within the jurisdiction of any other State,, nor any State be formed by the junction of two or more States, or parts of States, without the consent of the legisla tures of the States concerned, as well as of the Congress. 2. The Congress shall have power to dispose of, and 'make all needful rules and regulations respecting the territory or other property belonging to the United States; and nothing in this Constitution shall be so construed as to prejudice any claim of the United States, or of any particular State. SECTION 4. The United States ehall guarantee to every State in tion of each this Union, a republican form of government, and shall protect each of them against invasion; and on application of the legislature, or of the executive (when the legislature cannot be convened,) against domestic violence. The Congress, whenever two-thirds of both Houses shall deem it necessary, shall propose amendments to CONSTITUTION. 23 amending tution. this Constitution; or on the application of the legisla- Mode of tures of two-thirds of the several States, shall call a the Consticonvention for proposing amendments, which, in either case, shall be valid to all intents and purposes, as part of this Constitution, when ratified by the legislatures of three-fourths of the several States, or by conventions in three-fourths thereof, as the one or the other mode of ratification may be proposed by the Congress; Provided, That no amendment, which may be made prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight, shall in any manner affect the first and fourth clauses in the ninth section of the first article; and that no State, without its consent, shall be deprived of its equal suffrage in the Senate. ARTICLE VI assumed 1. All debts contracted, and engagements entered Debts into, before the adoption of this Constitution, shall be as valid against the United States, under this Constitution, as under the confederation. preme law 2. This Constitution, and the Laws of the United The suStates which shall be made in pursuance thereof, and of the land. all treaties made, or which shall be made under the authority of the United States, shall be the supreme law of the laud, and the judges in every State shall be bound thereby; anything in the Constitution or laws of any State to the contrary notwithstanding. Representatives, etc, to support the Constitution 3. The Senators and Representatives, before men- Rest tioned, and the members of the several legislatures, and all executive and judicial officers, both of the United States and of the several States, shall be bound by oath or affirmation, to support this Constitution; but No religious no religious test shall ever be required as a qualification test. to any office or public trust under the United States. ARTICLE VII. The ratification of the conventions of nine States shall be sufficient for the establishment of this Constitution between the States so ratifying the same. Done in Convention, by the unanimous consent of the Ratification of nine States suffi cient. igion, free Congress shall make no law respecting an establishThe free exment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise ercise of rethereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the dom of the press; or the right of the people peacably to assemble speech, etc. and petition the government for a redress of griev.... ances. ARTICLE II. press, of guaranteed to the people. Right to A well regulated militia being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep bear Arms. and bear arms shall not be infringed. No soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in house without the consent of the owner; nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law, any 1 ARTICLE IV. on oath no) The right of the people to be secure in their per- No search sons, houses, papers and effects, against unreasonable issue except searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrant shall issue but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized. ARTICLE V. No person shall be held to answer for a capital or Capital and otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or crimesindictment of a grand jury, except in cases arising in proceedings the land or naval forces, or in the militia, when in aetual service, in time of war or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled, in any criminal case, to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be ta ken for public use without just compensation. |