potter's lathe was claimed for Hyperbos of Crete. When it is stated that the potter's art was derived from Keramos-" the Cask," the son of Dionysos and Ariadne, this is perhaps rather to be understood of a particular form of vessel, than of the whole art of the potter, for the Kerameikos probably derived its name from being the spot where the casks were made. Hence the glosses on the word aμpópeus in Bekker's Anecdota, πᾶς κέραμος οὕτως λέγεται, for the word ἀμφόρους could hardly be applied to the smaller class of vessels, while that of Képapos undoubtedly was to the larger vessels, which were exported from Athens. Aristophanes, Acharna, 910,-hence the victors in the Panathenaic Games, who we knew received the Panathenaic amphora, were presented, according to the Scholiast in Aristoph. Nephel. v. 991 (1001,) Dindorf, 8vo, Leipsic, 1822, p. 280, with a répapos éxaiov, which same prize the Scholiast of Pindar, Nem. Od. x. v. 65, calls vopia Maiov, for the amphora was also used as a water cask, Cf. Apollon. Rhod. Argon. iv. 1770. But to return to the invention of pottery, one of the Attic demoi was called Kerameis, which was of the Akamantis tribe, and received its name, according to Philochoros, Φησὶ δὲ Φιλόχορος ἐν τῇ τρίτῃ, εἰληφέναι τούτους τοὔνομα ἀπὸ τῆς κεραμικής τέχνης, καὶ τοῦ θύειν Κεράμῳ τινὶ ἤρωι,-Fragm. Hist. Græc., Müller, 8vo, Paris, 1841, p. 395, fr. 72. Harpocrat., voce Kepaμeis, because that these took their name from the potters' art, and from offering sacrifices to a certain heroic personage [named] Keramos, viz. the son of Dionysos and Ariadne, already mentioned. The invention of the potters' wheel is, however, as early as Homer, who, describing the dancers on the shield of Achilles, mentions its use by the potter,—71. Σ. 600, . . . ὡς δ' ὅτε τις τρόχον ἄρμενον ἐν παλάμῃσιν ἐζόμενος κεραμεὺς. κ. τ. λ.—which would exactly agree with the mode of fabric, if we could suppose that the potter on the Museum vase turned the wheel by the lump of clay attached to it. As to the invention of the lathe by Anacharsis, as pretended by Ephorus in Strabo, VIII. 463, and by Posidonius, Senec. Ep. xc. tom. I. v. 11, against Homer; this is almost as true as the legend of the druid Abaris and his arrow, and evidently of later origin. In the present vase, which bears more resemblance to the Athenian legend, we must recognise the potter Keramos; and it is remarkable that he is manufacturing the kvλikes, or cups for drinking, which were made at Athens out of the clay found at the promontory of Kolias, and were famous for their beauty; Athenæus, xi. 480; Plutarch, п. p. 42; Cf. Critia Carmina, a N. Bachio, 8vo, Lipsiæ, 1827; Fr. 1. p. 34-38. This vase is alluded to by Ritschl, Annali. 1837, tom. Ix. p. 184,-" ab eodemque repertum tertium quoddam novimus necdum editum exhibens ipsam vasorum Fictilium Fabricam." S. BIRCH. 2. TRANSLATION OF VIRGIL'S ENEID, Book 1. I AM the same that whilom tuned my song On slender oat, And, issuing from the woods, Compelled (nor seemed amiss the deed The neighbouring fields t' obey the greedy farmer. Say, Muse, for what offence, What breach of the divine prerogative, The queen of heaven, from toil to toil.so drove, So with misfortune heaped A man conspicuous for piety. Hath so great wrath a place In the celestial breast? Over against Italia And the far-distant mouths of the Tiber, Stood an ancient city, Hight Carthage: A Tyrian colony, Rich and resourceful, And most studious of the rough art of war. More than all other lands, More, even, than Samos' self, Juno, it is said, This city cherished. Here were her arms; Her chariot, it was here; And here, might but the fates at all permit, Already wrought the fostering Goddess' care, To found an empire that should rule the world. For she had heard that from the stock of Troy A scion was springing, That should hereafter overturn Her Tyrian citadels; And hence a people come, Wide ruling, proud in war, To the utter destruction of Libya. Such she had heard were the revolutions In fear of this; And recollecting Th' inveterate war she erst had waged at Troy For her dear Argos ; Nor yet forgot The bitter smarts That caused those ires: Storehoused lies, In the depths of her mind, The judgment of Paris And slight of her beauty, And the lustre-rapt Ganymede's honours shed On a race she detested : Scarce were they out of sight Of the Sicilian land; Toward the high deep, And with brazen bows dashing The salt sea-foam, When thus Juno to herself, Th' eternal wound still nursing in her bosom : "Must I then, vanquished, Forbid by the Fates, forsooth! But could not Pallas burn the Argive fleet, For sole Oïlean Ajax' insane trespass? "Herself shot from the clouds Scattered their ships with storm, The sea-plains overturned, And him, expiring flames Out of his transfixed breast, Caught in a whirlwind and on sharp crag spiked: But I, who walk heaven's queen, Jove's sister both and consort, War with one race so many years am waging. Will any one henceforth Adore the deity of Juno? Such thoughts revolving in her breast of flame, The Goddess comes to Eolia, Teeming land of raging south-westers. Here in vasty cave King Eolus rules over, And with barrier and chains Curbs and restrains, The struggling winds and hurricanes sonorous. Indignantly roaring About the closed vents, They make all the mountain round reverberate. Holding his sceptre, Eolus sits Enthroned aloft, And soothes their spirit and their passion tempers: Else would their rapid flight Away with it bear, And sweep through the air, Lands, seas, and sky profound. In fear of which, Th' omnipotent sire In dark caverns stowed them, Of high mountains piled over them; And a king gave them, Skilful to check, by rule prescribed, Or loose, as bid, the reins; Whom Juno then thus, suppliant, addressed : "O Eolus, for to thee The sire of gods and king of men has given To soothe the waves, or raise them with the wind; A race inimical to me Sails the Tyrrhene sea, Ilium and its conquered Penates. Dash at them with thy winds, Sink or disperse their ships, And strew the deep with their corpses. "Of twice seven lovely nymphs that are mine, Deïopeïa the loveliest In wedlock form with thee I'll join, And dedicate her thine; That all her years with thee she may pass, And of a beauteous offspring make thee sire.” Eolus replied: "Tis thine, O queen, T'explore thy will; Mine, to perform thy bidding. To thee I owe this modicum of empire, To thee this sceptre and the favour of Jove: |