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Journal of Belles Lettres, Arts, Sciences, &c.

No. 1094.

LONDON, SATURDAY, JANUARY 6, 1838.

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PRICE 8d. Stamped Edition, 9d.

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REVIEW OF NEW BOOKS. tion; and, therefore, in such countries, they enforcement of discipline, and attention to the Memoirs of Joseph Holl, General of the Irish are the more to be apprehended, as the fellow-comforts and wants of his men, that enabled Rebels in 1798. Edited from his Original feeling must always enlist allies, just as the him, as the leader of a war of mountain skir Manuscript, in the Possession of Sir William natural bias of the citizens of Maine, Vermont, mishes, to defy for six months the united efforts Betham, Ulster King at Arms, and Keeper and New York, must be supposed to be favour of the royal army, and the numerous corps of of the Records of Ireland, &c. By T. Crof- able to the rising in Canada, and render it the yeomanry, in an area of little more than twenty ton Croker, Esq. 2 vols. 8vo. London, more threatening. Colonists who have them- miles square, within thirty miles of Dublin at 1838. Colburn. selves thrown off the mother country, are of its further, and eight or ten at its nearest, point Or Crofton Croker it may truly be said, as of course friendly to others who follow their ex- of approach. Nor was this by skulking in the his countryman, Oliver Goldsmith, nullum ample; and even the U. S. rulers would be wild and secluded districts of bog and mountain tetegit quod non ornavit (long may he adorn less of politicians than we take them to be, if which the county of Wicklow presents, a our literature with such works as the present, they were very much grieved at seeing a great county, the appearance whereof was before the compliment can be used in his rival nation embroiled in difficulties of this happily compared by Dean Swift to a frieze epitaph!); and of his coadjutor in this work, kind. But truce to reflections and illustrations; mantle fringed with gold lace. Holt frequently the worthy Ulster King, that he too has done let us introduce General Holt to our readers, came in contact with detachments of the army good service in preserving these curious records saying only from ourselves, that his portrait is sent against him, and seldom shunned an enbelonging to Irish history. The lapse of nearly prefixed to this work, and that every circum-gagement. In one instance, by the melancholy forty years has afforded time for many of the stance related of and by him shews that he was slaughter of a large body of the Ancient exaggerations of party to pass away since the a very illiterate and very vain-glorious person. Britons,' he executed what in military parlance rebellion of 1798; but even under the dis- Holt was the son of a Wicklow farmer, and would be termed a brilliant affair; and when Holt passionate view of the Editor, it is still appall- born in 1756, and the Preface tells us:- was beaten or out-numbered, he generally coning to read the accounts of atrocities actually "If the leaders of the business,' Holt has trived to effect his retreat without any serious perpetrated on both sides-atrocities, which remarked, in conversation with Sir William loss. On one occasion, in particular, when he shew that civil strife can convert men into Betham, were not fanatics, fools, or cowards, was supposed to be surrounded by the king's demons, in comparison with whom infernal how could it have come to pass that an almost troops, Holt retired with his corps unbroken. fiends might be deemed angels of light. uneducated man like myself should have ob- According to his own statement, Holt became Several very important suggestions, regarding tained so much influence as to become a com- a rebel against his inclination, and having be Ireland, are pressed upon the mind by this pub-mander over thirteen thousand men, most of come one, he was the more formidable because Leation. It demonstrates how intimately, se- whom hated the Protestant religion, which I he was honest and faithful to his engagement. cretly, and religiously conspiracy can be hatched, had been brought up in and always professed?' He proudly asserts, that he never gave inforand treason banded, throughout that country. Against the latter part of this statement it mation, or betrayed his companions, and furWherever Holt moved, he found protection may be urged, that so far from the rebellion of ther says, that he twice rejected an offer made and aid among the sworn brotherhood of United 1798 being a Roman Catholic conspiracy to to him on the part of government, of a comIrishmen. It shews that rebellion is suscept- overthrow the Protestant Church, that a ma- mand against his former followers and assoible of being modified, stilled, or excited into jority of Protestants were engaged as leaders in ciates. Holt also boasts that he never comfame and violence, at the will of its prime it, particularly at the commencement, and that mitted an act of wanton cruelty, nor was guilty movers; so that appearances of tranquillity, so they were, in fact, the persons with whom the of murder in cold blood: and his detestation of far from being to be trusted, are absolutely most design originated; but I believe it will be robbery is shewn by his having denounced to replete with danger. It proves that the oaths found upon investigation, that these men, the officer commanding the king's troops, a and dispositions of the conspirators are not although nominally Protestants, that is, of gang of robbers who had laid the country under to be relied on among themselves; for sus- Protestant descent or connexions, were actually contribution in Holt's name. In short, Holt picion, treachery, and villany, are as often the either Deists or Atheists, like the Jacobins of represents himself as a terrible enemy, but a themes of reproach, as confidence, fidelity, and France, whose proceedings had inflamed the generous and humane conqueror, who was unbravery, are the subjects of exultation. It imaginations of irreligious men with a desire willing to spill blood in savage retaliation, or to leads to an inference, that the generality of a to see a new order of things. But at the allow it to be shed for revenge, and who, on people habitually taught to consider themselves period when Holt became connected with the all occasions, restrained unnecessary plunder. ill-governed and trampled upon, are more Irish rebels, there can be no question that the Although somewhat given to be a fatalist, Holt ready to take part with than against insurrec- grand bond of union which held them together appears to have been a sincerely religious man, was the Roman Catholic religion, and that they and to have fervently believed in the super"Ornavit," Holt is made to say of himself, when a were engaged in a confederacy against all with- intending providence and protection of the Alfarmer, and before he turned rebel"As I was alert and active, I was up with the lark and in what was regarded the heretical pale of the mighty, a sentiment which seems to have been about my business, recollecting the old proverbs, he that Protestant Church. Holt, however, possessed ever uppermost in his mind, and to have uld thrive should rise at five,' and the early bird gets many of the qualifications necessary to form a cheered and supported him through his exthe worm. Though, by the latter rule, it would have been more prudent for the worm not to have been out so great commander. He was a man of keen observ-traordinary trials. In following his narrative early, whatever it might have been for the bird." ation, extraordinary physical energy, and cool it will be perceived, that his belief was not We rather suspect the ornavit ? But it is all very and undaunted courage; with a mind fertile in "It is (Holt observes) very difficult for a man to do expedient at the critical moment of impending any effectual service with undisciplined people; not a danger. These traits in his character, especially fearth of those with us were obedient to orders when when contrasted with the want of thought, the fting was necessary, but slunk off like dastardly cowards, as they were, if they had an opportunity, and if alarm and the indecision of other rebel leaders, Ex, they were sure to create a panic by running before inspired respect and confidence in him; and his the enemy. I found the cowardly rascals on Slievebuoy humanity and love of justice made Holt admired Hill, where I rated them soundly for their conduct, contrading the behaviour of their fellows who carried them- and esteemed by those under him, of whom he ves so well in the action. I call this the battle of Bal- considered himself as the natural protector. is I was received by the Wexford gentlemen with His orders were, therefore, implicitly obeyed, *mations of applause. They praised the bravery and with which the affair was inanaged, and contrasted and generally with cheerful alacrity, by men, the result with their own changeable and unmeaning pro- who, while they detested his creed, loved the ngs, which had neither intention nor plan, always on individual even before the ministers of their the defensive, yet never prepared to receive the enemy; the forgetting, or not knowing that dead men cannot own religion. It was the possession of these attack, and that the surest defence is to cripple your hemy, and by anticipating his movements, to take from superior qualities-for Holt's acts were his own, he had no instructor; added to his strict

pleasant.

Lam the means of offence."

without some grounds of evidence: many hair-breadth escapes were occasioned by his uneasy dreams when in imminent danger, and there is an apparent interposition of Providence in his escape from an ignominious death. Religious and moral reflections are of constant occurrence in Holt's account of his adventures; and even the pious phraseology sometimes used by him, and short attempts at hymnlike versification, are indications of the character of the man. After many almost miraculous escapes, he succeeded in obtaining terms, through the negotiation of Mrs. Latouche with Lord Powerscourt, to whom he surrendered himself on the 10th November, 1798. Holt's life was secured to him on condition of transportation

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to New South Wales, where, having conducted ing Magazine' had a basket supplied with toxicated and reeling about. I suspected the himself well, he obtained a free pardon, and fruit, gingerbread, and such like trifles, as a cause, and went to the commissary, and found returned to Ireland. During his latter years, cover to her real character; she had also two the men had got at two puncheons of whisky, he lived in apparent comfort and respectability large bags or pockets, one before and the other and would soon all be in a helpless state. at Kingstown, near Dublin, and died there on behind, under her petticoats, where she stowed With the butt end of a musket I stove in the the 16th May, 1826. away ball cartridges and ammunition, which heads of both, and, having spilled the contents, "Holt (continues the Editor) is very free of she obtained from the king's troops, especially discharged the sentinels. Many of the men, his abuse, which is vented in a vein of vulgar from the militia, who were generally disaffected, when they discovered what I had done, were so satirical humour, against all with whom he and many of whom afterwards deserted to me, exasperated that they threatened me with inhappens to differ, and his irritable temper be- and brought with them their arms and ammu- stant death. I endeavoured to appease them, trays itself in many quaint impertinences. To nition. William Colthurst, Esq. metamor- and several sensible fellows coming up to my the editor it has been a most painful duty to phosed Susy Toole, my Magazine,' into a Uni- support, told them that by what I had done I preserve these ebullitions of Holt's feeling ted Irishman, declaring in his testimony that had saved their lives. They were, at length, towards individuals, but it was impossible to every woman from Tinnahinch Bridge to brought to reason, with a threat of punishment omit passages so characteristic of the man. Roundwood was a United Irishman. He was for mutiny against their best friend. I went The aspersion of the conduct of Major Foveaux not far wrong as to their holding the same round to those that I saw had some reason left, by Holt, is so extremely gross in every par- opinions. My Moving Magazine' was about and argued with them on the folly of men, exticular, and Holt, upon all occasions, mentious thirty years of age; she was the daughter of pecting to be attacked every instant, rendering the name of that officer with so much evident Phelim Toole, a smith, near Annamoe, who themselves incapable of resistance. In a few malice, that the editor hesitated whether he having no son, employed Susy in handling the minutes after I heard the signal from our should not expunge the name, and suppress sledge, not a very ladylike or feminine ac- picquets that the enemy were advancing; but, the passages in question. He at length deter-complishment, it must be admitted, but it on calling to arms, I had not more than 200 mined that Holt's defamation should stand, qualified her admirably for the part she had to men in a fit state to fight; there were upwards feeling satisfied that the vindictive spirit which act in my service. She was about five feet of 500 men lying on the ground in a state of animated Major Foveaux's accuser would be eight inches high, when she stood upright, beastly intoxication, which produced such a the best answer to assertions which Holt had which was not often, for, by the habit of sledg- panic in the rest, that they began to fly in all taken every opportunity of disseminating, and ing, she had acquired a stoop; but her shoulders, directions. I did what I could to rally them, and that insinuation or suppression is always worse although round, were broad, and her limbs thus effected a retreat, leaving the drunkards to than direct accusation. Had Holt's abuse of strong and sinewy. Her face, when young, was their fate, who were bayoneted on the ground. I Major Foveaux been expressed in less decided broad as a full moon, and her nose nearly flat was very much exasperated by the opposition I terms than those of profligate, tyrant, and to her face, having been broken by a stone in met with from my men, and their foolish conmurderer, his statements might have obtained a faction fight, which much injured the uni- duct; and as I was almost as much intoxicated that credence which it is now impossible to formity and beauty of her countenance, and with passion as they were with whisky, I ordered give them." certainly made her any thing but an inviting all the houses in our line of march to be burned, We fear we can hardly acquit the editor of object, giving her head very much the ap- and was traced by the military from their smoke. doing a little of the amiable in this instance (as pearance of that of a seal. Her eyes had been Captain Dalton joined me with a few horsesweetly and simply illustrated in our review of both spared in the conflict, and were black and men, and the artillery advanced upon us; but Lord alias Lady Somebody's "Times of sparkling; what they would have been in a we gave the troops a reception warmer than George IV." (see page 6); but it was as im- handsome face, with a decent nose between they wished. So many of our men, however, possible to write the book without it, as to them, I will not venture to say; but where were fatigued and incapable of the resistance indite the history of the Trojan war without a they were, they had, when excited, a fiendish necessary, that many were shot by the military Helen. The honourable rebel, no doubt, expression; yet she could put on an imploring without offering any resistance. In crossing a thought he had cause to be angry, and being and supplicating look to admiration. The mu ditch, the top of which gave way, my horse once provoked into revenge, why it was as ex-tilation of her countenance made her look very fell, and the soldiers being close upon me, I pedient to set as good a face as possible upon old; and when she wished to assume the ap- got up as speedily as possible, and made off his really bold and gallant exploits, though pearance of age, no one would take her to be towards my party; but before I reached them involving a certain modicum of incendiarism less than seventy. She had an extraordinary I received a slight wound in my head; and as and murder. But before we come to these, we power of lengthening her face, by dropping her I saw a great many falling around me, and will exemplify the narrative by a singular jaw, which altered her whole countenance so that the military passed by all that fell to much, that she did not seem the same person. pursue the flying, I threw myself down by the "We had (says Holt) several women in the With her outside dirty pepper-and-salt-coloured side of a murmuring stream, where I lay camp, and it will appear that they were not frieze cloak, her stoop, and dropped jaw, she bleeding. They passed me unnoticed, and I useless. I chose from among them, a tall, could appear a decrepid, miserable baccagh, only heard one of them say, 'There are a brave rattling, strong woman, and gave her the name scarcely able to crawl; but when it was neces- parcel of the devils dead in all directions.' As of The Moving Magazine, from the use Isary to act with vigour, her powerful muscles soon as the military were got to a distance, intended to make of her; and the following and brawny limbs made her more than a match I ventured to look about me, and saw a great narrative will shew the very important ser- for many men. A blow from her clenched fist crowd of women crying bitterly. The enemy vices rendered by this person. I despatched her would alarm a man almost as much as the kick spared no one, putting all indiscriminately to to purchase two large earthen crocks, or ves- of a horse. She was not deficient in eloquent death. I thought I could not be worse off, so sels, such as buttermilk is kept in, and a quanti-blarney; and although she had never been at I ventured over the stream, and went up to a ty of saltpetre and sulphur, with which she Cork, had a tongue quite equal to her necessi- respectable looking woman. She was a yeosoon returned. I made the men pull heath; ties; she was quick in expedients, and ready man's wife, and said to me, 'Sir, I am sorry to and burning it, turned it into charcoal, by co- with a reason for all occasions." see you in such a situation; go up to that vering it with dry mould when fully ignited: This remarkable woman appears on many house, and make the girls take off your surI then ground it fine, and infused it in the scenes, and was indeed well deserving of her tout, and they will wash it for you.” crocks with the saltpetre and sulphur, and hav-nom de guerre-the Moving Magazine, for she to the house, and she followed me, and brought ing mixed it well and allowed it to subside, was continually bringing in the ammunition me some spirits, bread, butter, and cheese, and poured off the water, and dried it in the sun. which enabled the rebels to fight, and many was very kind to me. I was very thankful for I thus obtained a good supply of tolerable gun-hundred cartridges at a time. We now select her kindness, and gave her my silver-mounted powder. It was soft, indeed, and not quite so one or two pictures of the operations. sword, and told her where my horse would be good as the Battle or Dartford; but it exploded, "Next morning we marched to Corebuoy found bogged. Go there,' said I to her, and drove a ball, and by using better powder for Hill, where we were getting some provisions take the silver-mounted bridle, and you will priming, it answered well enough. My Mov-cooked, and preparing for further operations, find also my case of silver-mounted pistols." "Holt's mixture,' in the slang of the day, was a when I discovered several of the people in. She washed my head, and bound it with a handkerchief, and gave me a hat in exchange term for inferior gunpowder. Lake's pills for a break- Bacragh, an Irish adjective, meaning lame, muti- for my broken helmet, and dismissed me, saying out' (from General Lake), the term applied by the lated, or crippled. This word, formerly used as an yeomanry and militia to ball-cartridges. Holt's mix- epithet (as in O'Donnell's submission in 1531, Quia ing, My husband is a yeoman, but I hope you ture' would have been perfect gunpowder, if he could elomeus (Phelim) Baccagh, fuit,' &c.), has become, in will escape.' I answered, that the Almighty have granulated it. From the want of granulation, a Ireland, a general name for poor, wretched, and deformed considerable portion must have been blown away unfired, creatures, and also for a certain description of wandering/ was able to save me, and could do more than

character:

in the explosion."

I went

mendicants, not unlike the gaberlunzie man of Scotland." that.' The maid-servant, who had been set to

done.

His further escape is one of singular interest; but we must march onwards.

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Travels in Arabia. By Lieut. J. R. Wellsted, F.R.S. Indian Navy. 2 vols. 8vo. London, 1839. Murray.

watch, now came in, and said that she saw a days' provisions into his haversack. We against believing, is at page 218, where it is body of police approaching the house. The marched about nine in the morning, and about asserted that an action was fought against good woman wished me every luck, and I re- two o'clock we reached Ballyhonal, a small" corpses "belonging to Cronebane fellows, treated by the back of her garden; but had not village about a mile and a half from Bally- Rathdrum, Northshire, Southshire, Tinnahely, proceeded far before I met eight of the police. manus, and three from Aughrim. I ordered Hacketstown, Donard, and some others. This, I went up boldly to them, and asked them the men to cook their dinners, and no man to we will pledge our critical authority, is not which way the army had gone. One of them leave the main body without orders. I directed literally true. very fiercely said, What do you want to know Antrim John to place the pickets and outabout the army? I answered that the rebels posts, and then despatched a messenger to tad robbed me, and taken my horse and hat, ascertain if my son had been killed. He soon and I hope, if any gentleman gets him, he returned with intelligence that my child was will be returned to the lawful owner.' You living, but that a boy had been killed, who was ALREADY well known for his enterprise and are right,' said one of the men, it should be supposed to have been him. The child was ability, Lieut. Wellstead has, by these volumes, I shewed them the wound in my head met by a corps of cavalry, and was asked where greatly increased his reputation, placed himself from a ball; and told them that I only escaped he was going; he answered, he was seeking his high in the list of those whose conduct in the pretending to be dead, and, perhaps, the father. They then asked his father's name; presence of difficulties and dangers do honour approach of the army saved me, for the rebels he said, Tom Howlet; which name sounding to their country, compel the respect of unfled, leaving me on the ground. They like Holt, one of the soldiers cut him down willing strangers, and extend the boundaries of tied my misfortune; but said it was lucky with his sword, cleaving his skull, and killed information and science. Cool personal intrebe me it was not worse; to which I most cor- him on the spot. I knew and respected the pidity, an enthusiastic ambition in the pursuit dially assented; and, after a few more words, boy's father many years; he was a miller, of foreign travel, and talent and intelligence to we parted, most willingly on my side, and most and lived at the Stamp-mill Bridge, near New- make the best use of every opportunity afforded steful to Providence was I; and fervently bridge. I regretted much that the poor child by the jealousy or cupidity of wild and savage sid I return thanks." should have been sacrificed on account of the people, are the characteristics developed by similarity of his father's name to mine. He this narrative; nor are they rendered less atwas but eleven years old, exactly the age of my tractive by the air of unassuming modesty "I received information that Mr. Allen, the own son. These wanton, detestable, and which pervades it throughout in tone and in elthier, was about making his house at abominable cruelties, excited feelings of ani- spirit. Whilst we read it, we think with naGreenane a barrack, in order to intercept re- mosity, ferocity, and revenge, and caused an tional pride on our Bruces, our Parks, our forcements coming to me. I, therefore, called increased shedding of blood, and the putting to Landers, our Burnes', and a long list of other acouncil of war, and it was determined to burn death of many unfortunate victims, whose ten-gallant Britons, who have, in like manner, it. I kept my intention secret, lest I should der age and sex ought to have been sufficient illustrated the fame of their native land, and betrayed again. I fired my signal, and to protect them from vengeance: it was my earned for themselves a place and a memory marched to Greenane. One of my pickets unfortunate lot to witness deeds perpetrated on among its distinguished children. observed a man, named Whelan, running be- both sides, at which my soul shuddered with who was known to be an enemy. John horror and disgust, each party adducing the M'Evoy, and Antrim John, whom I had pro- preceding cruelty as a justification of their own noted to be field officers, seeing this man run- diabolical acts.' ng, the former fired at him, and hit him in the shoulder, but he did not fall; M'Evoy fired gain, and shot him through the heart. We then marched on to Allen's house. I was on my horse while the men proceeded to set fire to the house, and heard a female voice shrieking in great distress. I leaped over a quickset edge into the garden, and soon discovered a man struggling with a very pretty girl, who turned out to be the daughter of Mr. Allen. She cried to me for relief; the fellow persisted ed by myself, brooding over my unhappy lot, his rudeness, on which I clove him down and contemplating the consequences. The from the shoulder to the ribs with my broad- men had lost my confidence. I had lost theirs. word, and relieved the poor girl from her me- Without submission and control over each ancholy situation. I found her sister, mother, other we must soon have been destroyed; but and aunt, in the garden, on which I called a if ill blood and treachery existed in any single Dard, and sent them off to a village near breast, a short period, not a day, could elapse Kathdrum, where I knew the army would before some one would have an opportunity of protect them. They were very grateful to me putting their wishes into execution. Many of my conduct to them. The house was now the men were inclined to become robbers; they imes, and some of my men were missing; could not do so while I commanded. They Inquired for them, and found they were en- were desperate and bloody-minded, and would deavouring to force in an iron safe. I com- not be delicate in their choice of means as to sanded them to come out, but they refused disposing of me. In vain did my best friends til they had forced open the safe, which, endeavour to cheer up my spirits, and try to ter a time, they accomplished, and found a prevail on me to forget the past transaction. papers, about which these fools were going In vain did they declare that any attempt at t one another's throats; but I interfered, disobedience of orders, or want of discipline, 14 took possession of the disputed spoil, telling should be punished with instant death., I en"en they should be examined on our return to deavoured to compose myself, and determined, e camp, and duly accounted for, which satis- in my own mind, to act for myself as circumd them. When we arrived at the Glen, Istances should suggest. I would ask advice of Ased the best clerks I had to examine the 1, which was found to contain a few bills for **id sums of money, with parchment leaves or sis, of no value to the men.

Lieut. Wellsted has penetrated and traversed parts of Arabia unknown to the European world. An excellent map, prefixed to the first volume, shews distinctly how far he has At length, General Moore sent an offer of improved the limits of geography in this quarterms to Holt if he would surrender, but he ter: the region of Omán is no longer terra was too much in the power of his own men to incognita. It may now, from his exploration, be able to avail himself of it. Not only him-" be described as a desert thickly studded with self, but his wife, was seized and placed on their knees for instant execution; and, though saved from death, the tie was severed for ever.

oases, and containing amidst its mountains numerous fertile valleys; yet many of these are at a considerable distance from each other, "The circumstance which had occurred," and it must be admitted that the quantity of says Holt, “paralysed my energies. I became cultivated land bears but a small proportion to reserved and distant to all about me, and walk-that which is incorrigibly barren; for the intermediate space between the oases to the westward and the great sandy desert is an arid plain, either sandy or clayey, according as the aluminous or silicious particles prevail. A few succulent herbs, which are nourished by the nightly dews, and afford but indifferent grazing to their scanty flocks, spring up here; but the large tracts, occupied by the beds of the streams, have generally a layer of rounded masses of limestone, brought from the mountains, deposited on their surface, and are wholly destitute of every species of vegetation, save some dwarfish bushes on which the camel alone feeds. The soil in the Tehama, in some spots, is hard and of a bad quality; but in others, whenever water can be conveyed, it is in a high degree susceptible of cultivation. In the nar row belt bordering on the sea-shore, called Batna, large quantities of grain and vegetables are reared, and a continuous line of date-trees, often four or five miles in breadth, extends from Síb to Khórfakán, a distance of nearly two hundred miles. Reference is repeatedly made in the Arabian authors to the palms of Omán. Much cultivation exists along the banks of the streams, and also in the vicinity of the towns. But the most remarkable feature in this country are the oases, which extend from Bení-Abú -'Alí, in a continuous line, to the west-north-west. They are usually of an oblong form, lying at right angles to the streams by which they are supplied. Their

my officers, but would act by my own judgment.
All again became apparently smooth; but the
calm was only on the surface."

We will not follow the story farther, as our Next morning, my moving magazine' quotation from the Preface has told the denouaired with 300 ball cartridges, and inform- ment for us; nor will we go at all into the that my son had been killed by the second volume, though it contains adventures dry on the side of Mauredum Hill. I fired in the Eastern Seas, of extraordinary and roy signal, and issued orders to be ready to mantic character. Every body will read the march in thirty minutes, each man to put two work; and all that we have to warn the public

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