. Anawasy or Amnasy, is described (London Geog. Journ. vol. vii. p. 421), but without any exact description of its position, as containing ruins "backed by an isolated mountain, bearing a castle of various architecture." It seems not unlikely that this mountain may be Cyinda, which, in the time of Alexander and his successors, was a deposit for treasure. (Strab. p. 672; Diod. xviii. 62, xix. 56; Plut. Eumen. c. 13.) Strabo, indeed, places Cyinda above Anchiale; but as he does not mention Anazarbus, this is no great difficulty; and besides this, his geography of Cilicia is not very exact. If Pococke's account of the Pyramus at Anawasy being called Quinda is true, this is some confirmation of the hill of Anazarbus being Quinda. It seems probable enough that Quinda is an old name, which might be applied to the hill fort, even after Anazarbus became a city of some importance. An old traveller (Willebrand v. Oldenburg), quoted by Forbiger, found, at a place called Naversa (manifestly a corruption of Anazarbus) or Anawasy, considerable remains of an old town, at the distance of 8 German miles from Sis. [G.. [G. L.] ANCALITES, a people in Britain, inhabiting the hundred of Henly, a locality which, probably, preserves their name. Caesar alone mentions them. Gale and Horsely reasonably suppose that they were a section of the Attrebates of Ptolemy. They were the most western Britons with which Caesar came in contact. (Caes. B. G. v. 21.) [R. G. L.] ANCHI'ALE (Αγχιάλη, Αγχιάλεια, Αγχιάλος: Eth. 'Ayxiaλeus), a town of Cilicia, which Stephanus (s. v. 'Ayxiáλn) places on the coast, and on a river Anchialeus. One story which he reports, makes its origin purely mythical. The other story that he records, assigns its origin to Sardanapalus, who is said to have built Anchiale and Tarsus in one day. Strabo also places Anchiale near the coast. [ANAZARBUS.] Aristobulus, quoted by Strabo (p. 672), says that the tomb of Sardanapalus was at Anchiale, and on it a relief in stone (TÚTOV Novov) in the attitude of a man snapping the fingers of his right hand. He adds, some say that there is an inscription in Assyrian characters, which recorded that Sardanapalus built Anchiale and Tarsus in one day, and exhorted the reader to eat, drink, and so forth, as everything else is not worth That, the meaning of which the attitude of the figure showed." In the text of Strabo, there follow six hexameter Greek verses, which are evidently an interpolation in the text. After these six verses, the text of Strabo proceeds: "Choerilus, also, mentions these matters; and the following verses also are generally circulated." The two hexameters which then follow, are a paraphrase of the exhortation, of which Strabo has already given the substance in prose. Athenaeus (xii. p. 529) quotes Aristobulus as authority for the monument at Anchiale; and Amyntas as authority for the existence of a mound at Ninus (Nineveh), which was the tomb of Sardanapalus, and contained, on a stone slab, in Chaldaic characters, an inscription to the same effect as that which Strabo mentions; and Athenaeus says that Choerilus paraphrased it in verse. In another passage, Athenaeus (p. 336) quotes the six hexameters, which are interpolated in Strabo's text, but he adds a seventh. He there cites Chrysippus as authority for the inscription being on the tomb of Sardanapalus; but he does not, in that passage, say who is the Greek paraphrast, or where the inscription was. Athenaeus, however (p. 529), just like a mere collector who uses no judgment, gives a third story about a monument of Sardanapalus, without saying where it was; the inscription recorded that he built Tarsus and Anchiale in one day, "but now is dead;" which suggests very different reflections from the other version. Arrian (Anab. ii. 5), probably following Ptolemy, says, that Alexander marched in one day from Anchiale to Tarsus. He describes the figure on the monument as having the hands joined, as clapping the hands; he adds, that the former magnitude of the city was shown by the circuit and the foundations of the walls. This description does not apply to the time of Arrian, but to the age of Alexander, for Arrian is merely copying the historians of Alexander. It seems hardly doubtful that the Assyrians once extended their power as far, at least, as Anchiale, and that there was a monument with Assyrian characters there in the time of Alexander; and there might be one also to the same effect at Nineveh. (See Cic. Tusc. Disp. v. 35; Polyb. viii. 12; and as to the passage of Strabo, Groskurd's Translation and Notes, vol. iii. p. 81.) Leake (Asia Minor, p. 214) observes, that a little west of Tarsus, and between the villages Kazalu and Karaduar, is a river that answers to the Anchialeus; and he observes that 'a large mound, not far from the Anchialeus, with some other similar tumuli near the shore to the westward, are the remains, perhaps, of the Assyrian founders of Anchiale, which probably derived its temporary importance from being the chief maritime station of the Assyrian monarchs in these seas." [G. L.] ANCHI'ALE ('Ayxıάλn: Akiali), a small town on the western coast of the Euxine, to the north of Apollonia, to which its inhabitants were subject. (Strab. vii. p. 319.) The Latin writers, who mention the place, call it Anchialus or Anchialum. (Ov. Trist. i. 9. 36; Pomp. Mel. ii. 2; Plin. H. N. iv. 18; comp. Ptol. iii. 11. § 4.) [L. S.] ANCHIASMUS. [ONCHESMUS.] A'NCHOE ('AYxón), a place on the borders of Boeotia and of Locris, near Upper Larymna, at which the waters of the Cephissus broke forth from their subterraneous channel. There was also a lake of the same name at this place. (Strab. ix. pp. 406, 407; Plin. iv. 7. s. 12; Leake, Northern Greece, vol. ii. p. 289.) [LARYMNA.] ANCON ('Aуk), a headland and bay, as the name implies, on the coast of Pontus, east of Amisus. It is mentioned by Valerius Flaccus (iv. 600) in his Argonautica, after the Iris, as if it were east of the mouth of that river. Apollonius Rhodius simply speaks of it as a headland (ii. 369). The ancient authorities do not agree in the distances along this coast (Steph. s. v. Xadiía; Hamilton, Researches, vol. i. p. 288). The conclusion of Hamilton seems to be the most probable, that Derbend Bournou, east of Amisus, represents Ancon, as it is the first headland east of Amisus," and the only place before reaching the mouth of the Iris where a harbour can exist." He adds, that "at the extremity of Derbend Bournou, a small stream falls into the sea between two precipitous headlands, probably the Chadisius of the ancients." [G. L.] ANCONA, or ANCON ('Αγκών : Eth. Αγκώνιος, and 'Ayxwviтns, Steph. B., Anconitanus: the form Ancon in Latin is chiefly poetical; but, according to Orelli, Cicero uses Anconem for the acc. case), an important city of Picenum on the Adriatic sea, still called Ancona. It was situated on a promontory which forms a remarkable curve or elbow, so as to protect, and almost enclose its port, from which circumstance it derived its Greek name of 'Ayкúv, the elbow. (Strab. v. p. 241; Mela, ii. 4; Procop. B. G. ii. 13. p. 197.) Pliny, indeed, appears to regard it as named from its position at the angle or elbow formed by the coast line at this point (in ipso flectentis se orae cubito, iii. 13. s. 18), but this is probably erroneous. The promontory on which the city itself is situated, is connected with a more lofty mountain mass forming a bold headland, the CUMEBUS of Pliny, still known as Monte Comero. Ancona was the only Greek colony on this part of the coast of Italy, having been founded about 380 B. C. by Syracusan exiles, who fled hither to avoid the tyranny of the elder Dionysius. (Strab. l. c.) Hence it is called Dorica Ancon by Juvenal (iv. 40), and is mentioned by Scylax (§ 17, p. 6), who notices only Greek cities. We have no account of its existence at an earlier period, for though Pliny refers its foundation to the Siculi (l. c.; see also Solin. 2. § 10), this is probably a mere misconception of the fact that it was a colony from Sicily. We learn nothing of its early history: but it appears to have rapidly risen into a place of importance, owing to the excellence of its port (the only natural harbour along this line of coast) and the great fertility of the adjoining country. (Strab. I. c.; Plin. xiv. 6.) It was noted also for its purple dye, which, according to Silius Italicus (viii. 438), was not inferior to those of Phoenicia or Africa. The period at which it became subject to the Romans is uncertain, but it probably followed the fate of the rest of Picenum: in B. c. 178 we find them making use of it as a naval station against the Illyrians and Istrians. (Liv. xli. 1.) On the outbreak of the Civil War it was occupied by Caesar as a place of importance, immediately after he had passed the Rubicon; and we find it in later times serving as the principal port for communication with the opposite coast of Dalmatia. (Caes. B. C. i. 11; Cic. ad Att. vii. 11, ad Fam. xvi. 12; Tac. Ann. iii. 9.) As early as the time of C. Gracchus a part of its territory appears to have been assigned to Roman colonists; and subsequently Antony established there two legions of veterans which had served under J. Caesar. It probably first acquired at this time the rank of a Roman colony, which we find it enjoying in the time of Pliny, and which is commemorated in several extant inscriptions. (App. B. C. v. 23; Lib. Colon. pp. 225, 227, 253; Gruter, pp. 451. 3, 465. 6; Zumpt, de Colon. p. 333.) It received great benefits from Trajan, who improved its port by the constraction of a new mole, which still remains in good preservation. On it was erected, in honour of the emperor, a triumphal arch, built entirely of white marble, which, both from its perfect preservation and the lightness and elegance of its architecture, is generally regarded as one of the most beautiful monuments of its class remaining in Italy. Some remains of an amphitheatre may also be traced; and numerous inscriptions attest the flourishing condition of Ancona under the Roman Empire. The temple of Venus, celebrated both by Juvenal and Catullus (Juv. iv. 40; Catull. xxxvi. 13), has altogether disappeared; but it in all probability occupied the same site as the modern cathedral, on the summit of the lofty hill that commands the whole city and constitutes the remarkable headland from which it derives its name. We find Ancona playing an important part during the contests of Belisarius and Narses with the Goths in Italy. (Procop. B. G. ii. 11, 13, iii. 30, iv. 23.) It afterwards became one of the chief cities of the Exarchate of Ravenna, and continued throughout the Middle Ages, as it does at the present day, to be one of the most flourishing and commercial cities of central Italy. The annexed coin of Ancona belongs to the period of the Greek colony: it bears on the obverse the head of Venus, the tutelary deity of the city, on the reverse a bent arm or elbow, in allusion to its name. [E. H. B.] ANCORARIUS MONS (Jebel Ouanseris), a mountain of Mauretania Caesariensis, S. of Julia Caesarea, belonging to the Lesser Atlas chain, and forming the S. limit of the valley of the Chinalaph (Shellif). It was celebrated for the tree called citrus (a species of cedar or juniper), the wood of which was highly esteemed by the Romans for furniture. Pliny mentions several instances of the extravagant prices given for it. (Plin. H. N. xiii. 15. s. 29; Amm. Marc. xxv. 5.) [P.S.] ANCY'RA (Aykuрa: Eth. 'Aукuраvós, Ancyranus.) 1. A town of Phrygia Epictetus. Strabo (p. 567) calls it a "small city, or hill-fort, near Blaudos, towards Lydia." In another passage (p. 576) he says that the Rhyndacus, which flows into the Propontis, receives the Macestus from Ancyra | Abasitis. Cramer (Asia Minor, vol. ii. p. 12) corrects Abasitis into Abbaitis, on the authority of the coins and an inscription found in these parts. As the Macestus is the Susugherli Su, or the Simaul Su, as it is called in its upper course, Ancyra must be at or near the source of this river. The lake of Simaul is the source of the Macestus, and close to the lake is "a remarkable looking hill, the Acropolis of an ancient city." This place appears to be Ancyra. The river flows from the lake in a deep and rapid stream; and no large stream runs into the lake. Simaul seems to be a corruption of Synnaus, or Synaus, and to be on or near the site of Synnaus. Ancyra was on the lake, 7 or 8 miles WNW. of Simaul. (Hamilton, Researches, &c. vol. ii. p. 124, seq.) 2. (Angora or Engareh), a town of Galatia, near a small stream, which seems to enter the Sangarius. Ancyra originally belonged to Phrygia. The mythical founder was Midas, the son of Gordius. (Paus. i. 4.) Midas found an anchor on the spot, and accordingly gave the name to the town; a story which would imply that the name for anchor (ǎykupa) was the same in the Greek and in the Phrygian languages. Pausanias confirms the story by saying that the anchor remained to his time in the temple of Zeus. Stephanus (s. v. "Aykupa) gives another story about the name, which is chronologically false, if Ancyra was so called in the time of Alexander. (Arrian. Anab. ii. 4.) The town became the chief place of the Tectosages (Strab. p. 567), a Gallic tribe from the neighbourhood of Toulouse, which settled in these parts about B. c. 277. [GALATIA.] The Galatae were subjected by the Romans under Cn. Manlius, B. c. 189, who advanced as far as Ancyra, and fought a battle with the Tectosages near the town. (Liv. xxxviii. 24.) When Galatia was formally made a Roman province, B. C. 25, Ancyra was dignified with the name Sebaste, which is equivalent to Augusta, with the addition of Tectosagum, to distinguish it from Pessinus and Tavium, which were honoured with the same title of Sebaste. Ancyra had also the title of Metropolis, as the coins from Nero's time show. Most of the coins of Ancyra have a figure of an anchor on them. The position of Ancyra made it a place of great trade, for it lay on the road from Byzantium to Tavium and Armenia, and also on the road from Byzantium to Syria. It is probable, also, that the silky hair of the Angora goat may, in ancient as in modern times, have formed one of the staples of the place. The hills about Angora are favourable to the feeding of the goat. The chief monument of antiquity at Ancyra is the marble temple of Augustus, which was built in the lifetime of the emperor. The walls appear to be entire, with the exception of a small portion of one side of the cella. On the inside of the antae of the temple is the Latin inscription commonly called the Monumentum or Marmor Ancyranum. Augustus (Suet. Aug. 101) left behind him a record of his actions, which, it was his will, should be cut on bronze tablets, which were to be placed in front of his Mausoleum. A copy of this memorable record was cut on the walls of this temple at Ancyra, both in Greek and Latin. We must suppose that the Ancyrani obtained permission from the Roman senate or Tiberius to have a transcript of this record to place in the temple of Augustus, to whom they had given divine honours in his lifetime, as the passage from Josephus (Antiq. Jud. xvi. 10), when properly corrected, shows. (See Is. Casaub. in Ancyran. Marmor. Animadv.) The Latin inscription appears to have been first copied by Busbequius about the middle of the sixteenth century, and it has been copied by several others since. The latest copy has been made by Mr. Hamilton, and his copy contains some corrections on former transcripts. A Greek inscription on the outer wall of the cella had been noticed by Pococke and Texier, but, with the exception of a small part, it was concealed by houses built against the temple. By removing the mud wall which was built against the temple, Hamilton was enabled to copy part of the Greek inscription. So much of it as is still legible is contained in the Appendix to his second volume of Researches in Asia Minor, &c. This transcript of the Greek version is valuable, because it supplies some defects in our copies of the Latin original. A Greek inscription in front of one of the antae of the temple seems to show that it was dedicated to the god Augustus and the goddess Rome. Hamilton copied numerous Greek inscriptions from various parts of the town. (Appendix, vol. ii.) One of the walls of the citadel contains an immense number of "portions of bas-reliefs, inscriptions, funereal cippi with garlands, and the caput bovis, caryatides, columns and fragments of architraves, with parts of dedicatory inscriptions, resembling indeed very much the walls of a rich museum." (Hamilton.) Angora is still a considerable town, with a large population. [G. L.] ANCYRON POLIS ('Αγκυρῶν πόλις, Ptol. iv. 5. § 57; Steph. B. s. v.: Eth. 'Ayкupoñoλíтns), was a town of Middle Egypt, 10 miles southward of the Heptanomite Aphroditopolis. It derived its appellation from the manufacture of stone anchors cut from the neighbouring quarries. [W. B. D.] ANDA'NIA ('Avdavía: Eth. 'Avdavieús, 'Avdávios), an ancient town of Messenia, and the capital of the kings of the race of the Leleges. It was celebrated as the birthplace of Aristomenes, but towards the end of the second Messenian war it was deserted by its inhabitants, who took refuge in the strong fortress of Ira. From this time it was only a village. Livy (xxxvi. 31) describes it as a parvum oppidum, and Pausanias (iv. 33. § 6) saw only its ruins. It was situated on the road leading from Messene to Megalopolis. Its ruins, according to Leake, are now called Ellinikókastro, and are situated upon a height near the village of Fyla or Filia. The Homeric Oechalia is identified by Strabo with Andania, but by Pausanias with Carnasium, which was only 8 stadia from Andania. (Paus. iv. 1. § 2, iv. 3. § 7, iv. 14. § 7, 26. § 6, 33. § 6; Strab. pp. 339, 350; Steph. B. s. v.; Leake, Morea, vol. i. p. 388.) ANDECAVI, a Gallic tribe, who were stirred up to a rising by Julius Sacrovir in the time of Tiberius, A. D. 21. (Tac. Ann. iii. 40.) As Tacitus in this passage couples them with the Turonii or Turones, we may conclude that they are the tribe which Caesar calls Andes (B. G. ii. 35), and which occupied a part of the lower valley of the Loire (Ligeris), on the north bank, west of the Turones. Their position is still more accurately defined by that of their chief town Juliomagus, or Civitas Andecavorum, the modern Angers, in the department of Maine et Loire, on the Mayenne, an affluent of the Loire. [G. L.] ANDEIRA ("Avdeipa: Eth. 'Avdeipavós), as it is written in Pliny (v. 32), a town of the Troad, the site of which is uncertain. There was a temple of the Mother of the Gods here, whence she had the name Andeirene, (Steph. B. s. v. Avdeipa.) As to the stone found here (Strab. p. 610), which, when "burnt, becomes iron," and as to the rest of this passage, the reader may consult the note in Groskurd's translation of Strabo (vol. ii. p. 590). [G. L.] ANDEMATUNNUM, the chief town of the Lingones, is not mentioned by Caesar. The name occurs in the Antonine Itinerary, and in the Peutinger Table; and in Ptolemaeus (ii. 9. § 19) under the form 'Avdoμáтovvov. According to the Antonine Itin. a road led from this place to Tullum (Toul). In the passage of Eutropius (ix. 23) "circa Lingonas" means a city, which was also named "civitas Lingonum;" and if this is Andematunnum, the site is that of the modern town of Langres, on a hill in the department of Haute Marne, and near the source of the Marne (Matrona). Langres contains the remains of two triumphal arches, one erected in honour of the emperor Probus, and the other in honour of Constantius Chlorus. The inscription said to be found at Langres, which would show it to have been a Roman colony is declared by Valesius to be spurions. In old French Langres was called over. ANDERIDA, is mentioned in the Notitia Imperii as the station of a detachment of Abulci (numerus Abulcorum); and as part of the Littus Saxonicum. In the Anglo-Saxon period it has far greater prominence. The district Anderida coincided with a well-marked natural division of the island, the Wealds of Sussex and Kent. The gault and green-sand districts belonged to it also, so that it reached from Alton to Hythe, and from Eastbourne to the north of Maidstone-Romney Marsh being especially excluded from it. Thirty miles from N. to S., and 120 from E. to W. are the dimensions given in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (ad Ann. 893), and this is not far from the actual distance. The name is British; antred meaning uninhabited, and the form in full being Coed Andred, the uninhabited wood. Uninhabited it was not; in the central ridge, mining industry was applied to the iron ore of Tilgate Forest at a very early period. The stiff clay district (the oak-tree clay of the geologists) around it, however, may have been the resort of outlaws only. Beonred, when expelled from Mercia, took refuge in the Andredeswald, from the north-western frontier; and the Britons who, according to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle of A. D. 477, fled from Aella and his son, did the same from the south. Of Anderida, as a district, Andredesleage (Andredslea), and Andredesweald (the Weald of Andred), are the later names. ANDES. [ANDECAVI.] ANDES, a village in the neighbourhood of Mantua, known only from the circumstance of its having been the actual birthplace of Virgil (Donat. Vit. Virgil. 1; Hieron. Chron. p. 396), who is, however, commonly called a native of Mantua, because Andes belonged to the territory of that city. It is commonly supposed to be represented by the modern village of Pietola, on the banks of the Mincius, about 2 miles below Mantua, but apparently with no other authority than local tradition, which is in general entitled to but little weight. (See Millin, Voyage dans le Milanais, vol. ii. p. 301.) [E.H.B.] ANDE TRIUM (Avdýτpiov, Strab. p. 315; 'Avdékρlov, Ptol. ii. 17. § 11; 'Avdnpiov, Dion Cass. lvi. 12), a fortified town in Dalmatia near Salonae, which offered a brave resistance to Tiberius. ANDIZE'TII ('Avdichtioi), one of the chief tribes in Pannonia, occupying the country about the southern part of the Drave. (Strab. vii. p. 314; Plin. iii. 28, who calls them Andizetes.) [L. S.] ANDOSINI, a people in Spain between the Iberus and the Pyrenees, mentioned only in a passage of Polybius (iii. 35), where some editors proposed to read Ansetani. ANDRAPA ("Avôрaña), also called Neoclaudiopolis, a town of Paphlagonia, near the river Halys, in the later province of Helenopontus, and the seat of a bishopric. There are coins of this town, bearing the dates and effigies of M. Aurelius, Septimius Severus, and Caracalla. (Ptol. v. 4. § 6; Hierocl. p. 701; Justin. Novell. 23.) ANDRIACA ('Avôpiáên: Andráki), the port of the town of Myra in Lycia. Appian (B. C. iv. 82) says that Lentulus broke through the chain which crossed the entrance of the port, and went up the river to Myra. Beaufort (Karamania, p. 26) gives the name Andráki to the river of Myra. On the north side of the entrance are the remains of large Roman horrea, with a perfect inscription, which states that the horrea were Hadrian's: the date is Hadrian's third consulate, which is A. D. 119. Andriaca is mentioned by Ptolemy; and Pliny has" Andriaca civitas, Myra" (v. 27). Andriaca, Of the particular station so called in the Notitia, then, is clearly the place at the mouth of the small the determination is difficult. Pevensey has the river on which Myra stood, 20 stadia higher up. best claim; for remains of Roman walls are still (Strab. p. 666.) It must have been at Andriaca, standing. The neighbourhood of Eastbourne, where as Cramer observes, that St. Paul and his comthere are Roman remains also, though less consider-panions were put on board the ship of Alexandria. able, has the next best. Camden favoured Newenden; other writers having preferred Chichester. It is safe to say that Anderida never was a Saxon town at all. In A. D. 491, Aella and his son Cissa "slew all that dwelt therein, so that not a single Briton was left." (Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, ad ann.) [R. G. L.] ANDERI TUM, a town which Ptolemaeus calls 'Avôépndov, and the capital of the Gabali, whom Caesar mentions (B. G. vii. 75) as subjects of the Arverni. In the Not. Prov. Gall. it is called Civitas Gabalûm, having taken the name of the people, as was the case with most of the capitals of the Gallic towns under the Lower Empire. D'Anville infers, from an inscription found in the neighbourhood of Javols or Javour, which terminates thus, M. P. GABALL. V., that the position of Javols may represent this place. Walckenaer (Géog.&c. des Gaules) places Anderitum at Anterrieur. Others suppose the site to be at Mende. Both Javols and Mende are in the Gevaudan, a part of the mountain region of the Cevennes. [G. L.] (Acts, xxvii. 5, 6.) A'NDRIUS. [TROAS.] [G. L.] ANDRO'POLIS ('Avôρwv πóλis, Ptol. iv. 5. § 46; Hierocl. p. 724: Eth. 'Avdporoλírns), the modern Chabur, was the chief town of the Andropolite nome in the Delta. It was seated on the left bank of the Nile, was the head-quarters of a legion (Not. Imp.), and a bishop's see. (Athanas. Ep. ad Antioch. p. 776.) From its name, which is involved in some obscurity, it would seem that the peculiar worship of the city and nome of Andropolis was that of the Manes or Shades of the Dead. (Manetho, ap. Euseb. Chronicon.) Geographers have attempted, not very successfully, to identify Andropolis with the Archandropolis of Herodotus (ii. 98), which, the historian adds, is not an Egyptian name, and with the Gynaecopolis of Strabo (p. 803). D'Anville supposes it to have been the same as the city Anthylla (Avouλλa, Herod. ii. 97), the revenues of which were assigned to the Egyptian queens as sandal-money, or, as we term it, pin-money. This custom, chancing to coincide with a Persian usage (Nepos, Themist. 10), was continued by Cambyses nassus. (Hom. Il. ii. 521; Strab. p. 423; Steph. B s. v.) ANÉMO'SA ('Aveμŵσa), a village of Arcadia in the district Maenalia on the Helisson near Zibovisi. (Paus. viii. 35. § 9; Leake, Peloponnesiaca, p. 238.) ANEMU'RIUM ('Aveμvúpiov: Cape Anamur) the most southern point of Asia Minor, which "terminates in a high bluff knob." Strabo (p. 669) places Anemurium at the nearest point of Cilicia to Cyprus. He adds that "the distance along the coast to Anemurium from the borders of Pamphylia (that is, from Coracesium) is 820 stadia, and the remainder of the coast distance to Soli is about 500 stadia." Beaufort (Karamania, p. 201) suspects that the numbers in Strabo have been accidentally misplaced in the MSS., " for from Anemurium to Soli is nearly double the distance of the former place from Coracesium." But the matter would not be set quite right merely by making the numbers change places, as the true distances will show. Strabo does not mention a city Anemurium, but it is mentioned by Pliny (v. 27), by Ptolemy, and Scylax. Beaufort found there the indications of a considerable ancient town. The modern castle, which is on one side of the high bluff knob, is supplied with water by two aqueducts, which are channels cut in the rocks of the hills, but where they cross ravines they are supported by arches. Within the space enclosed by the fortified walls of the castle there are the remains of two theatres. All the co The chief city also called Andros, was situated nearly in the middle of the western coast of the island, at the foot of a lofty mountain. Its citadel strongly fortified by nature is mentioned by Livy (l. c.). It had no harbour of its own, but it used one in the neighbourhood, called Gaurion (Taúpiov) by Xenophon (Hell. i. 4. § 22), and Gaureleon by Livy (l. c.), and which still bears the ancient name of Gavrion. The ruins of the ancient city are de-lumns and the seats of the theatre have been carried scribed at length by Ross, who discovered here, among other inscriptions, an interesting hymn to Isis in hexameter verse, of which the reader will find a copy in the Classical Museum (vol. i. p. 34, seq.). The present population of Andros is 15,000 souls. Its soil is fertile, and its chief productions are silk and wine. It was also celebrated for its wine in antiquity, and the whole island was regarded as sacred to Dionysus. There was a tradition that, during the festival of this god, a fountain flowed with wine. (Plin. ii. 103, xxxi. 13; Paus. vi. 26, §2.) (Thevenot, Travels, Part i. p. 15, seq.; Tournefort, Voyage, vol. i. p. 265, seq.; Fiedler, Reise, vol. ii. p. 221, seq.; and especially Ross, Reisen auf d. Griech. Inseln, vol. ii. p. 12, seq.) COIN OF ANDROS. ANDROS. [EDROS.] ANDU'SIA, a town known only from an inscription found at Nimes, or at Anduse (Walckenaer, Géog. fc.). The name still exists in the small town of Anduse on the Gardon, called the Gardon d'Anduse, which flows into the Rhone on the right bank, between Avignon and Arles. (D'Anville, Notice, &c.) [G. L.] ANEMOREIA, subsequently ANEMOLEIA ('Aveμúpeia, 'Aveμúλeia: Eth. 'Aveμwpeus), a town of Phocis mentioned by Homer, was situated on a height on the borders of Phocis and Delphi, and is said to have derived its name from the gusts of wind which blew on the place from the tops of Mt. Par away, probably to Cyprus. There is also a large necropolis full of tombs, the walls of which are still sound, though the tombs have been ransacked. It does not appear to what period these remains belong, but the theatres and aqueduct are probably of the Roman period. There are many medals of Anemurium of the time of the Roman emperors. [G.L.] ANGE'A, a place in Thessaly in the district Thessaliotis, of uncertain site. (Liv. xxxii. 13.) A'NGELE. [ATTICA.] ANGITES ('Ayyírns: A'nghista), a river of Macedonia, flowing into the lake Cercinitis, about 6 or 8 miles to the N of Amphipolis. (Herod. vii. 113; Leake, Northern Greece, vol. iii. p. 183.) ANGITIAE LUCUS. [FUCINUS.] ANGLII or ANGLI ("Αγγελοι, "Αγγιλοι), were according to Tacitus (Germ. 40), and Ptolemy (ii. 11), a tribe of the German race of the Suevi. Tacitus does not mention the country they occupied; but, according to Ptolemy, they were the greatest tribe in the interior of Germany, extending further east than the Langobardi, and to the north as far as the river Albis. Subsequently, in connection with other tribes, they immigrated under the name of Anglo-Saxons into England. A district in Schleswig still bears the name of Angeln, but it is doubtful whether that name has any connection with the ancient Anglii. (Ledebur, in the Allgem. Archiv. für die Gesch. des Preuss. Staats, xiii. p. 75, foll.) [L. S.] ANGRIVA'RII (Ayypiovápioi), a German tribe dwelling on both sides of the river Visurgis (Weser), but mainly in the territory between that river and the Albis (Elbe); they were separated in the south from the Cherusci by a mound of earth. (Tacit. Ann. ii. 19; Ptol. ii. 11. § 16.) Their name is commonly connected with the word Anger, that is, a meadow. The Angrivarii were at first on good terms with the Romans, but this relation was interrupted, though only for a short time, by an insurrection in A. D. 16 |