APERRAE. [APERLAE.] APESAS ('Aéoas: Fuka), a mountain in Peloponnesus above Nemea in the territory of Cleonae, where Perseus is said to have been the first person, who sacrificed to Zeus Apesantius. (Leake, Morea, vol. iii. p. 325; Ross, Peloponnes, p. 40.) A'PHACA (Apaka: Afka), a town of Syria, midway between Heliopolis and Byblus. (Zosim. i. 58.) In the neighbourhood was a marvellous lake. (Comp. Senec. Quaest. Nat. iii. 25.) Here was a temple of Aphrodite, celebrated for its impure and abominable rites, and destroyed by Constantine. (Euseb. de Vita, iii. 55; Sozom. ii. 5.) Aphek in the land assigned to the tribe of Asher (Joshua, xix. 30), but which they did not occupy (Judges, i. 31), has been identified with it. (Winer, Real Wort. art. Aphek.) Burckhardt (Travels, p. 25) speaks of a lake Liemoun, 3 hours' distance from Afka, but could hear of no remains there. (Comp. paper by Rev. W. Thomson, in Am. Bibliotheca Sacra, vol. v. p. 5.) [E. B. J.] APHEK. [APHACA.] A'PHETAE (Aperai or 'Apéra: Eth. 'Aperaios), a port of Magnesia in Thessaly, said to have derived its name from the departure of the Argonauts from it. The Persian fleet occupied the bay of Aphetae, previous to the battle of Artemisium, from which Aphetae was distant 80 stadia, according to Herodotus. Leake identifies Aphetae with the modern harbour of Trikeri, or with that between the island of Paled Trikeri and the main. (Herod. vii. 193, 196, viii. 4; Strab. p. 436; Apoll. Rhod. i. 591; Steph. B. s. v.; Leake, Northern Greece, vol. iv. p. 397, Demi of Attica, p. 243, seq.) APHIDNA, or APHIDNAE ("Apiova, 'Apíòvai: Eth. 'Apiovaios), one of the twelve ancient towns of Attica (Strab. ix. p. 397), is celebrated in the mythical period as the place where Theseus deposited Helen, entrusting her to the care of his friend Aphidnus. When the Dioscuri invaded Attica in search of their sister, the inhabitants of Deceleia informed the Lacedaemonians where Helen was concealed, and showed them the way to Aphidna. The Dioscuri thereupon took the town, and carried off their sister. (Herod. ix. 73; Diod. iv. 63; Plut. Thes. 32; Pans. i. 17. §5, 41. § 3.) We learn, from a decree quoted by Demosthenes (de Coron. p. 238), that Aphidna was, in his time, a fortified town, and at a greater distance than 120 stadia from Athens. As an Attic demus, it belonged in succession to the tribes Aeantis (Plut. Quaest. Symp. i. 10; Harpocrat. s. v. Oupywvida), Leontis (Steph. B.; Harpocrat. L. c.), Ptolemais (Hesych.), and Hadrianis (Böckh, Corp. Inscr. 275). Leake, following Finlay, places Aphidna between Deceleia and Rhamnus, in the upper valley of the river Marathon, and supposes it to have stood on a strong and conspicuous height named Kotróni, upon which are considerable remains indicating the site of a fortified demus. Its distance from Athens is about 16 miles, half as much from Marathon, and something less from Deceleia. (Leake, Demi of Attica, p. 19, seq.) APHLE, or APLE, a town of Susiana, 60 M. P. below Susa, on a lake which Pliny (vi. 27. s. 31) calls the lacus Chaldaicus, apparently a lake formed by the Pasitigris. He speaks elsewhere (vi. 23. s. 26) of a lake formed by the Eulaeus and Tigris, near Charax, that is at the head of the Persian Gulf; but this cannot be the lacus Chaldaicus of the other passage, unless there is some great confusion, no unusual thing with Pliny. APHNITIS. [DASCYLITIS.] APHRODI'SIAS (Aopodioiás: Eth. 'Appo dioeús, Aphrodisiensis). 1. (Ghera) an ancient town of Caria, situated at Ghera or Geyra, south of Antiocheia on the Maeander, as is proved by inscriptions which have been copied by several travellers. Drawings of the remains of Aphrodisias have been made by the order of the Dilettanti Society. There are the remains of an Ionic temple of Aphrodite, the goddess from whom the place took the name of Aphrodisias; fifteen of the white marble columns are still standing. A Greek inscription on a tablet records the donation of one of the columns to Aphrodite and the demus. Fellows (Lycia, p. 32) has described the remains of Aphrodisias, and given a view of the temple. The route of Fellows was from Antiocheia on the Maeander up the valley of the Mosynus, which appears to be the ancient name of the stream that joins the Maeander at Antiocheia; and Aphrodisias lies to the east of the head of the valley in which the Mosynus rises, and at a considerable elevation. Stephanus (s. v. Meyaλóroλis), says that it was first a city of the Leleges, and, on account of its magnitude, was called Megalopolis; and it was also called Ninoe, from Ninus (see also s. v. Nivón), — a confused bit of history, and useful for nothing except to show that it was probably a city of old foundation. Strabo (p. 576) assigns it to the division of Phrygia; but in Pliny (v. 29) it is a Carian city, and a free city (Aphrodisienses liberi) in the Roman sense of that period. In the time of Tiberius, when there was an inquiry about the right of asyla, which was claimed and exercised by many Greek cities, the Aphrodisienses relied on a decree of the dictator Caesar for their services to his party, and on a recent decree of Augustus. (Tac. Ann. iii. 62.) Sherard, in 1705 or 1716, copied an inscription at Aphro disias, which he communicated to Chishull, who published it in his Antiquitates Asiaticae. This Greek inscription is a Consultum of the Roman senate, which confirms the privileges granted by the Dictator and the Triumviri to the Aphrodisienses. The Consultum is also printed in Oberlin's Tacitus, and elsewhere. This Consultum gives freedom to the demus of the Plaraseis and the Aphrodisieis. It also declares the temenos of the goddess Aphrodite in the city of the Plaraseis and the Aphrodisieis to have the same rights as the temple of the Ephesia at Ephesus; and the temenos was declared to be an asylum. Plarasa then, also a city of Caria, and Aphrodisias were in some kind of alliance and intimate relation. There are coins of Plarasa; and "coins with a legend of both names are also not very uncommon." (Leake.) 2. A city of Cilicia. Stephanus (s. v. 'Appodioids) quotes Alexander Polyhistor, who quotes Zopyrus as an authority for this place, being so called from Aphrodite, a fact which we might assume. The Stadiasmus states that Aphrodisias is nearest to Cyprus, and 500 stadia north of Aulion, the NE. extremity of Cyprus. It is mentioned by Diodorus (xix. 61); and by Livy (xxxiii. 20) with Coracesium, Soli, and other places on this coast. It seems from Pliny (v. 27, who calls it "Oppidum Veneris") and other authorities (it is not mentioned by Strabo) to have been situated between Celenderes and Sarpedon. It was on or near a promontory also called Aphrodisias. The site is not certain. Leake supposes that the cape near the Papadula rocks was the promontory Aphrodisias, and that some vestiges of the town may be found near the harbour behind the cape. (See also Beaufort's Karamania, p. 211.) 3. A promontory on the SW. coast of Caria (Mela, i. 16; Plin. v. 28), between the gulfs of Schoenus and Thymnias. The modern name is not mentioned by Hamilton, who passed round it (Researches, vol. ii. p. 72). It has sometimes been confounded with the Cynos Sema of Strabo, which is Cape Volpo. [G. L.] APHRODI'SIAS ('Appodioiás), an island adjacent to the N. coast of Africa, marking the extent westward of the people called Giligammae (Herod. iv. 169). Ptolemy mentions it as one of the islands off the coast of Cyrenaïca, calling it also Laea (Aaià† 'A÷podíτns vñσos, iv. 4. § 14; Steph. B. s. v.) Scylax (p. 45, Hudson, p. 109, Gronov.) places it between the Chersonesus Magna (the E. headland of Cyrenaïca) and Naustathmus (near its N. point), and mentions it as a station for ships. The anonymous Periplus gives its position more definitely, between Zephyrium and Chersis; and calls it a port, with a temple of Aphrodite. It may, perhaps, correspond with the island of Al Hiera. (Mannert, vol. x. pt. 2. p. 80.) [P. S.] APHRODI'SIAS, in Spain. 1. [GADES.] 2. [PORTUS VENERIS.] APHRODI'SIAS (A¢podioias), a town in the S. of Laconia, on the Boeatic gulf, said to have been founded by Aeneas. (Paus. iii. 12. § 11, viii. 12. § 8.) APHRODI'SIUM. 1. ('Aopodioiov, Strab. p. 682; Ptol. v. 14; 'Aopodioids, Steph. B. s. v.: Eth. 'Appodioieús), a city of Cyprus, situated at the narrowest part of the island, only 70 stadia from Salamis. (D'Anville, in Mém. de Litt. vol. xxxii. p. 541.) [E. B. J.] 2. A small place in Arcadia, not far from Megalopolis, on the road to Megalopolis and Tegea. (Paus. viii. 44. § 2.) 3. [ARDEA.] APHRODI'SIUS MONS (Tò 'Aopodlσtov õpos), a mountain in Spain, mentioned by Appian as a stronghold of Viriathus; but in a manner insufficient to define its position (Iber. 64, 66). [P. S.] APHRODITES PORTUS. [MYOS HORMUS.] APHRODITO'POLIS, APHRODITO, VENERIS OPPIDUM (Appоdíтns #óxis, 'Appodiтóπολις, Αφροδίτω: Εth. ̓Αφροδιτοπολίτης), the name of several cities in Egypt. I. In Lower Egypt. 1. [ATARBECHIS.] 2. A town of the Nomos Leontopolites. (Strab. xvii. p. 802.)— II. In the Heptanomis, or Middle Egypt. 3. AFRODITO (Itin. Ant. p. 168: Appodírw, Hieroc. p. 730, Atfyeh, mounds, but no Ru.), a considerable city It on the E. side of the Nile; capital of the Nomos Aphroditopoltes. (Strab. xvii. p. 809; Ptol.) was an episcopal see, down to the Arab conquest. Its coins are extant, of the reigns of Trajan and Hadrian, with the epigraph_APPOAEITOпOAI. (Rasche, s. v.)-3. In Upper Egypt, or the Thebais. 4. (Tachta) on the W. side of the Nile, but at some distance from the river, below Ptolemais and Panopolis; capital of the Nomos Aphroditopolites (Plin. v. 9, 10. s. 11, Veneris iterum, to distinguish it from No. 5; Strab. xvii. p. 813; Agatharch. de Rub. Mar. p. 22; Prokesch, Erinnerungen, vol. i. p. 152.) 5. (Deir, Ru.), on the W. side of the Nile, much higher up than the former, and, like it, a little distance from the river; in the Nomos Hermonthites, between Thebes and Apollonopolis Magna; and a little NW. of Latopolis. (Plin. v. 10. s. 11.) [P.S.] APHTHITES NOMOS (ὁ ̓Αφθίτης νομός), ο nomos of Lower Egypt, in the Delta, mentioned by Herodotus, between those of Bubastis and Tanis; but neither he nor any other writer mentions such a city as Aphthis. The name seems to point to a chief seat of the worship of Phthah, the Egyptian Hephaestus. (Herod. ii. 166.) [P.S.] APHYTIS ("Αφυτις, also Αφύτη, Αφυτος: Εth. 'Αφυταῖος, more early 'Αφυτιεύς, 'Αφυτεύς, Αφυτήσios: A'thyto, Leake, Northern Greece, vol. iii. p. 156), a town on the eastern side of the peninsula Pallene, in Macedonia, a little below Potidaea. (Herod. vii. 123: Thuc. i. 64; Strab. vii. p. 330.) Xenophon (Hell. v. 3. § 19) says that it possessed a temple of Dionysius, to which the Spartan king Agesipolis desired to be removed before his death; but it was more celebrated for its temple of Ammon, whose head appears on its coins. (Plut. Lys. 20; Paus. iii. 18. § 3; Steph. B. s. v.) A'PIA. [PELOPONNESUS.] APILA (Platamóna), a river in Pieria in Macedonia, rising in Mt. Olympus, and flowing into the sea near Heracleia. (Plin. iv. 10. s. 17; Leake, Northern Greece, vol. iii. pp. 405, 406.) ΑΡΙΌLAE (Απολαι: Ειή. Απιολανός), an ancient city of Latium, which took the lead among the Latin cities in the war against Tarquinius Priscus, and was in consequence besieged and taken by that monarch. We are told that it was razed to the ground, and its inhabitants sold into slavery; and it is certain that we find no subsequent mention of it in history. Yet it appears to have been previously a place of some importance, as Livy tells us the spoils derived from thence enabled Tarquin to celebrate the Ludi Magni for the first time; while, according to Valerius of Antium, they furnished the funds with which he commenced the construction of the Capitol. (Liv. i. 35; Dion. Hal iii. 49; Valerius, ap. Plin. iii. 5. 1. 9.) The site of a city destroyed at so early a period, and not mentioned by any geographer, can scarcely be determined with any certainty; but Gell and Nibby are disposed to place it at a spot about 11 miles from Rome, and a mile to the S. of the Appian Way, where there are some remains which indicate the site of an ancient city, as well as others of later Roman date. The position was (as usual) a partially isolated hill, rising immediately above a small stream, now called the Fosso delle Fratocchie, which was crossed by an ancient bridge (destroyed in 1832), known as the Ponte delle Streghe. Its position would thus be intermediate between Bo villae on the E., and Politorium and Tellenae on APOBATHMI (Aяóbalμoi), a small place in Argolis, near the frontiers of Cynuria, was said to have been so called from Danaus landing at this spot. (Paus. ii. 38. § 4.) The surrounding country was also called Pyramia (Пupdua), from the monuments in the form of pyramids found here. (Plut. Pyrrh. 32; Ross, Reisen im Peloponnes, p. 152.) APO'COPA CATÓкояа, Steph. B. s. v.; Peripl. M. Eryth. p. 9; Ptol. i. 17. § 7), Magna and Parva, respectively Bandel d Agoa and Cape Bedouin were two small towns in a bay of similar name (Ptol. i. 17. § 9), on the coast of Africa Barbaria, between the headlands of Raptum and Prasum. Their inhabitants were Aethiopians (Aitiones Pávio, Ptol. iv. 8. §3). [W. B. D.] Steph. Byzant. s. v.; 'Añoλλwviás, Hieroel. p. 732; It. Ant. p. 160, 174; Not. Imp. Orient. c. 143. Apollonos Superioris [urbs]), the modern Edfoo, was a city of the Thebaid, on the western bank of the Nile, in Lat. 25° N., and about thirteen miles below the lesser Cataract. Ptolemy (l. c.) assigns Apollinopolis to the Hermonthite nome, but it was more commonly regarded as the capital town of the nome Apollopolites. Under the Roman emperors it was the seat of a Bishop's see, and the head-quarters of the Legio II. Trajana. Its inhabitants were enemies of the crocodile and its worshippers. Both the ancient city and the modern hamlet, however, derived their principal reputation from two temples, which are considered second only to the Temple of Denderah as specimens of the sacred structures of Egypt. The modern Edfoo is contained within the courts, or built upon the platform of the principal of the two temples at Apollinopolis. The larger temple is in good preservation, but is partially buried by the sand, by heaps of rubbish, and by the modern town. The smaller temple, sometimes, but improperly, called a Typhonium, is apparently an appendage of the latter, and its sculptures represent the birth and education of the youthful deity, Horus, whose parents Noum, or Kneph and Athor, were worshipped in the larger edifice. The principal temple is dedicated to Noum, whose symbol is the disc of the sun, supported by two asps and the extended wings of a vulture. sculptures represent (Rosellini, Monum. del Culto, p. 240, tav. xxxviii.) the progress of the Sun, Phre-Hor-Hat, Lord of Heaven, moving in his bark (Bari) through the circle of the Hours. The local name of the district round Apollinopolis was Hat, and Noum was styled Hor-hat-kah, or Horus, the tutelary genius of the land of Hat. This deity forms also at Apollinopolis a triad with the goddess Athor and Hor-Senet. The members of the triad are youthful gods, pointing their finger towards their mouths, and before the discovery of the hieroglyphic character were regarded as figures of Harpocrates. Its APODOTI. [AETOLIA, p. 65, a. APOLLINIS PROMONTORIUM (Aróλλwvos Expo), in N. Africa. 1. Also called 'Arroλλúviov (Strab. xvii. p. 832), a promontory on the N. coast of Africa Propria, near Utica, and forming the W. headland, as the Mercurii Pr. formed the E., of the great gulf of Utica or Carthage. (Strab. l. c.) This description, and all the other references to it, identify it with C. Farina or Ras Sidi Ali-al-Mekhi, and not the more westerly C. Zibeeb or Ras Sidi BouShusha. (It is to be observed, however, that Shaw The entrance into the larger temple of Apolliapplies the name Zibeeb to the former). Livy nopolis is a gateway (πuλúv) 50 feet high, flanked (xxx. 24) mentions it as in sight of Carthage, which by two converging wings (TTEpá) in the form of will apply to the former cape, but not to the latter. truncated pyramids, rising to 107 feet. The wings Mela (i. 7) mentions it as one of the three great contain ten stories, are pierced by round loop-holes headlands on this coast, between the other two, Can- for the admission of light, and probably served as didam and Mercurii. It is a high pointed rock, re-chambers or dormitories for the priests and servitors markable for its whiteness. (Shaw, p. 145; Barth, Wanderungen, &c., vol. i. p. 71). It is almost certain that this cape was identical with the PULCHRUM PR., at which Scipio landed on his expedition to close the Second Punic War; and which had been fixed, in the first treaty between the Romans and Carthaginians, as the boundary of the voyages of the former towards the W. (Polyb. iii. 22; Liv. xxix. 27; Mannert, vol. x. pt. 2, pp. 293, foll.) 2. A promontory of Mauretania Caesariensis, adjacent to the city of Julia Caesarea. (Plin. v. 2. s. 1; Ptol.) [P.S.] APOLLINO'POLIS (ATÓAλwvos Tóxis: Eth. 'A=0λAWVOTOXÍTns), the name of several cities in of the temple. From the jambs of the door project two blocks of stone, which were intended, as Dénon supposes, to support the heads of two colossal figures. This propylaeon leads into a large square, surrounded by a colonnade roofed with squared granite, and on the opposite side is a pronaos or portico, 53 feet in height, and having a triple row of columns, six in each row, with variously and gracefully foliaged capitals. The temple is 145 feet wide, and 424 feet long from the entrance to the opposite end. Every part of the walls is covered with hieroglyphics, and the main court ascends gradually to the pronaos by broad steps. The whole area of the building was surrounded by a wall 20 feet high, of great thickness. Like so many of the Egyptian temples, that of Apollinopolis was capable of being employed as a fortress. It stood about a third of a mile from the river. The sculptures, although carefully and indeed beautifully executed, are of the Ptolemaic era, the earliest por tion of the temple having been erected by Ptolemy | Cnossus (Steph. B. s. v.), the inhabitants of which were Philometor B. C. 181. The temple of Apollinopolis, as a sample of Egyptian sacred architecture, is minutely described in the Penny Cyclopedia, art. Edfu, and in the 1st volume of British Museum, Egyptian Antiquities, where also will be found a ground plan of it. See also Belzoni, and Wilkinson's Egypt and Thebes, pp. 435-438. 2. APOLLINOPOLIS PARVA ('ATÓλλwvosμpá, Steph. B. s. v.; 'Aπóλλwv μikρós, Hierocl. p. 731; Apollonos minoris [urbs], It. Anton. 158), was a town in Upper Egypt, in Lat. 27° N., upon the western bank of the Nile. It stood between Hypsela and Lycopolis, and belonged to the Hypseliote noine. 3. APOLLINOPOLIS PARVA ('ATÓλλwvos móλis kpá, Ptol. iv. 5. § 70; 'Aπóλλwvos wóλis, Strab. xvii. p. 815; Apollonos Vicus, It. Anton. p. 165), was a town of the Thebaid, in the Coptite Nome, in Lat. 26° N., situated between Thebes and Coptos. It stood on the eastern bank of the Nile, and carried on an active trade with Berenice and Myos Hormos, on the Red Sea. Apollinopolis Parva was 22 miles distant from Thebes, and is the modern Kuss. It corresponds, probably, to the Maximianopolis of the later einperors. 4. APOLLINOPOLIS (Steph. B. 8.v.; Plin. vi. 35), was a town of the Megabari, eastern Aethiopia. 5. APOLLONOS HYDREIUM (Plin. vi. 26; It. Anton.), stood upon the high road from Coptos, in the Thebaid, to Berenice on the Red Sea, and was a watering station for the caravans in their transit between those cities. [W. B. D.] APOLLO'NIA ('Aπoλλwvía: Eth. Amoλλwvid-| Tns, Apolloniates, Apollinas, -atis, Apolloniensis), in Europe. 1. A city of Sicily, which, according to Steph. Byz.,was situated in the neighbourhood of Aluntium Calacte. Cicero also mentions it (Or. in Verr. iii.43) | and in conjunction with Haluntium, Capitium, and Enguium, in a manner that seems to imply that it was situated in the same part of Sicily with these cities; and we learn from Diodorus (xvi. 72) that it was at one time subject to Leptines, the tyrant of Enguium, from whose hands it was wrested by Timoleon, and restored to an independent condition. A little later we find it again mentioned among the cities reduced by Agathocles, after his return from Africa, B.C. 307 (Diod. xx. 56). But it evidently regained its liberty after the fall of the tyrant, and in the days of Cicero was still a municipal town of some importance. (Or. in Verr. iii. 43, v. 33.) From this time it disappears from history, and the name is not found either in Pliny or Ptolemy. Its site has been much disputed; but the passages above cited point distinctly to a position in the north-eastern part of Sicily; and it is probable that the modern Pollina, a small town on a hill, about 3 miles from the sea-coast, and 8 or 9 E. from Cefalù, occupies its site. The resemblance of name is certainly entitled to much weight; and if Enguium be correctly placed at Gangi, the connexion between that city and Apollonia is easily explained. It must be admitted that the words of Stephanus require, in this case, to be construed with considerable latitude, but little dependence can be placed upon the accuracy of that writer. The coins which have been published as of this city belong either to Apollonia, in Illyria, or to Tauromenium (Eckhel, vol. i. p. 198.) [E. H. B.] 2. The name of two cities in Crete, one near most treacherously treated by the Cydoniatae, who were their friends and allies. (Polyb. xxvii. 16.) The site is on the coast near Armyro, or perhaps approaching towards Megalo Kastron, at the Ghiófero. (Pashley, Crete, vol. i. p. 261.) The site of the other city, which was once called Eleuthera ('Eλeúlepa, Steph. B.), is uncertain. The philosopher Diogenes Apolloniates was a native of Apolloniates in Crete. (Dict. of Biog. s. v.) [E.B.J.] 3. (Pollina, or Pollóna), a city of Illyria, situated 10 stadia from the right bank of the Aous, and 60 stadia from the sea (Strab. vii. p. 316), or 50 stadia according to Scylax (p. 10). It was founded by the Corinthians and Corcyraeans in the seventh century before the Christian era, and is said to have been originally called Gylaceia (Fuλáketa). from Gylax, the name of its oecist. (Thuc. i. 26; Scymnus, 439, 440; Paus. v. 21. § 12, 22. § 3; Strab. I. c.; Steph. B. s. v.) Apollonia soon became a flourishing place, but its name rarely occurs in Grecian history. It is mentioned in the civil wars between Caesar and Pompey, as a fortified town with a citadel; and the possession of it was of great importance to Caesar in his campaign against Pompey in Greece. (Caes. B. C. iii. 12, seq.) Towards the end of the Roman republic it was celebrated as a seat of learning; and many of the Roman nobles were accustomed to send their sons thither for the purpose of studying the literature and philosophy of Greece. It was here that Augustus spent six months before the death of his uncle summoned him to Rome. (Suet. Aug. 10; Vell. Pat. ii. 59.) Cicero calls it at this period" urbs magna et gravis." Apollonia is mentioned by Hierocles (p. 653, ed. Wesseling) in the sixth century; but its name does not occur in the writers of the middle ages. The village of Aulon, a little to the S. of Apollonia, appears to have increased in importance in the middle ages, as Apollonia declined. According to Strabo (p. 322), the Via Egnatia commenced at Apollonia, and according to others at Dyrrhachium; the two roads met at Clodiana. There are scarcely any vestiges of the ancient city at the present day Leake discovered some traces of walls and of two temples; and the monastery, built near its site, contains some fine pieces of sculpture, which were found in ploughing the fields in its neighbourhood. (Leake, Northern Greece, vol. i. p. 368, seq.; Tafel, De Via Egnatia, p. 14, seq.) COIN OF APOLLONIA, IN ILLYRIA. 4. (Sizeboli), a town of Thrace, on the Pontus Euxinus, a little S. of Mesambria, was a colony of the Milesians. It had two large harbours, and the greater part of the town was situated on a small island. It possessed a celebrated temple of Apollo, and a colossal statue of this god, 30 cubits in height, which M. Lucullus carried to Rome and placed in the Capitol. (Herod. iv. 90; Strab. vii. p. 319, xii. p.541 Plin. xxxiv. 7 s. 18. § 39; Scymnus, 730; Arrian, Peripl. p. 24, Anon. Peripl. p. 14.) It was subsequently called Sozopolis (Zwgómodis, Anon. Peripl. p. 14) whence its modern name Sizeboli. 5. (Pollina), a town of Mygdonia in Macedonia, | S. of the lake Bolbe (Athen. viii. p. 334, e.), and N. of the Chalcidian mountains, on the road from Thessalonica to Amphipolis, as we learn from the Acts of the Apostles (xvii. 1) and the Itineraries. (Anton. Itin. pp. 320, 330; Itin. Hierosol. p. 605; Tab. Peuting.) Pliny (iv. 10. s. 17. § 38) mentions this Apollonia. 6. (Polighero), the chief town of Chalcidice in Macedonia, situated N. of Olynthus, and a little S. of the Chalcidian mountains. That this Apollonia is a different place from No. 5, appears from Xenophon, who describes the Chalcidian Apollonia as distant 10 or 12 miles from Olynthus. (Xen. Hell. v. 12. § 1, seq.) It was probably this Apollonia which struck the beautiful Chalcidian coins, bearing on the obverse the head of Apollo, and on the reverse his lyre, with the legend Xaλkidéwv. 7. A town in the peninsula of Acte, or Mt. Athos in Macedonia, the inhabitants of which were called Macrobii. (Plin. iv. 10. s. 17. § 37.) 8. A town in Thrace, situated according to Livy's narrative (xxxviii. 41), between Maroneia and Ab- | dera, but erroneously placed by the Epitomizer of Strabo (vii. p. 331) and by Pomponius Mela (ii. 2) west of the Nestus. The four towns last mentioned (Nos. 5-8) are frequently confounded, but are correctly distinguished by Leake, who errs, however, in making the passage of Athenaeus (viii. p. 334, e.), refer to No. 6, instead of to No. 5. (Northern Greece, vol. iii. p. 457, seq.) 9. A town on the frontiers of Aetolia, near Naupactus. (Liv. xxviii. 8.) gamum, on the way to Sardis. (Strab. p. 625; Xen. Anab. vii. 8. § 15.) It seems to have been near the borders of Mysia and Lydia. The site does not appear to be determined. 4. Steph. B. (s. v. 'Añoλλ«vía) mentions Apollonia in Pisidia, and one also in Phrygia; but it seems very probable, from comparing what he says of the two, that there is some confusion, and there was perhaps only one, and in Pisidia. In Strabo (p. 576) the name is Apollonias. The ruins were discovered by Arundell (Discoveries, &c. vol. i. p. 236) at a place called Olou Borlon. The acropolis stands on a lofty crag, from which there is an extensive view of the rich plains to the NW. This place is in 38° 4' N. lat., and in the direct line between Apamea and Antioch, so far as the nature of the country will admit. (Hamilton, Researches, &c. vol. ii. p. 361.) The Peutinger Table places it 24 miles from Apameia Cibotus. Several Greek inscriptions from Apollonia have been copied by Arundell and Hamilton. One inscription, which contains the words ʼn Bovλn kaι d dпμos τwv 'АñоλAwviaTwv, decides the question as to the site of this place. Two Greek inscriptions of the Roman period copied by Arundell give the full title, “ the Boule and Demus of the Apolloniatae Lycii Thraces Coloni," from which Arundell concludes that "a Thracian colony established themselves in Lycia, and that some of the latter founded the city of Apollonia;" an interpretation that may be not quite correct. Stephanus says that Apollonia in Pisidia was originally called Mordiaeon, and was celebrated for its quinces. (Athen. p. 81.) It is still noted for its quinces (Arundell), which have the great recommendation of being eatable without dressing. The coins of Apollonia record Alexander the Great as the by it, the Hippopharas. (Forbiger, vol. ii. p. 334.) APOLLO'NIA, in Asia. 1. The chief town of a district in Assyria, named Apolloniatis. Apollonia is incorrectly placed by Stephanus (s. v. 'Amoλ-founder, and also the name of a stream that flowed Aavia) between Babylon and Susa. Strabo (p. 732, and 524) says that Apolloniatis is that part of Babylonia which borders on Susis, that its original name was Sittacene, and it was then called Apolloniatis. The names Apollonia and Apolloniatis were evidently given by the Macedonian Greeks. Apolloniatis is in fact one of the divisions of Assyria in the geography of the Greeks; but it is impossible to determine its limits. Polybius (v. 44) makes Mesopotamia and Apolloniatis the southern boundaries of Media, and Apolloniatis is therefore east of the Tigris. This appears, indeed, from another passage in Polybius (v. 51), which also shows that Apollonia was east of the Tigris. The country was fertile, but it also contained a hilly tract, that is, it extended some distance east of the banks of the Tigris. There is evidently great confusion in the divisions of Assyria by the Greek geographers. If we place Apolloniatis south of the district of Arbela, and make it extend as far as Bagdad, there may be no great error. There seems to be no authority for fixing the site of Apollonia. 5. Of Mysia ('A. èπl 'Puvdaný, Strab. p. 575), a description which misled some travellers and geographers, who fixed the site at Ulubad on the Rhyndacus. But the site is Abullionte, which is on a lake of the same name, the Apolloniatis of Strabo, who says that the town is on the lake. Some high land advances into the lake, and forms a narrow promontory, "off the SW. point of which is an island with the town of Abullionte." (Hamilton, Researches, &c. vol. ii. p. 87.) The remains of Apollonia are inconsiderable. The Rhyndacus flows into the lake Apolloniatis, and issues from it a deep and muddy river. The lake extends from east to west, and is studded with many islands in the NE. part, on one of which is the town of Apollonia. (Hamilton.) The circuit of the lake is estimated by some travellers at about 50 miles, and its length about 10; but the dimensions vary considerably, for in winter the waters are much higher. It abounds in fish. The modern 6. In Lycia, is conjectured by Spratt (Lycia, 2. An island on the coast of Bithynia (Arrian, vol. i. p. 203) to have been at Sarahhajik, where Peripl. p. 13), 200 stadia from the promontory of there are remains of a Greek town. Calpe (Kirpe) It was called Thynias, says Pliny site is in the interior NW. of Phaselis. The author (vi. 12), to distinguish it from another island Apol- discovered an inscription with the letters "Ap" on lonia. He places it a Roman mile from the coast. it. Stephanus (s. v.) mentions an island of the Thynias, Thyne, Thynia, or Thynis (Steph. B. s. v. name belonging to Lycia; but there is no authority Ourias), may have been the original name of this for a town of the name. There are, however, coins island, and Apollonia a name derived from a temple with the epigraph 'Anoλλ@viaтшV AUк. and 'Aжоλof Apollo, built after the Greeks. The other name λωνιατων Λυκ. Θρακ., which might indicate some is evidently derived from the Thyni of the opposite place in Lycia. But these belong to Apollonia of Pisidia. [G. L.] coast. 3. A town of Mysia, on an eminence east of Per 7. (Arûƒ), a town of Palestine, situated be M |