A Treatise on Steam-boilers: Their Strength, Construction, and Economical Working

allow amount angle iron arranged bars become blow-out bolts bottom butt joints carbonic acid cast iron cause cent cleaning coal combustion consequence copper corrosion crown cubic foot cylinder defect deposit double riveting draught edge effect efficiency end plate equal escape evaporative experiments explosion externally fired boilers factor of safety feed water feed-water feet firebox flame flange flue fracture fuel furnace plates fusible plugs gases gauge grooving heating surface increased incrustation internal Lancashire boilers lap joints leakage length lever liable locomotive boilers material ordinary overheating pipe pitch plug pounds prevent punched quantity render resistance ring seams rivet holes safety valves screwed shell side single riveting soda sometimes square inch stays steam pressure steel strain sufficient temperature tensile strength thickness of plate tons per square total heat tubes usually vertical boilers water-tube boiler weight welded wrought iron