states of South America; the instructions it has given to them, (of which) we are in possession, and its hostile demonstrations against Hayti; the arrival of a considerable body of troops in the French colonies; the attempt of a squadron to enter the Havannah, announce not only the intention of re-conquering St. Domingo, but also that of contributing, by force of arms, to the re-establishment of the ancient order of things in the whole continent of South America. Under this point of view, the republic of Hayti naturally falls within the sphere of our investigations. In our next Number, we will give some important documents which will disclose the views of the French government respecting its ancient colony, and secondarily, respecting Mexico; but the press of matter now before us obliges us to con⚫ fine ourselves to laying before our readers a brief statement of the military situation of Hayti, which will, we doubt not, remove all apprehension respecting the fate of this young republic.

The army of the republic consists of sixty thousand effective men, well disciplined, and commanded by experienced officers. Half of this army is always exempted from service during six months, that the soldiers may not lose the habits or inclinations which attach them to agriculture. These men cultivate their own lands, or if they have none, those of their neighbours. By a decree of the 6th of January last, the whole army has been assembled and ordered to remain at its post. The object of this measure is to collect all the forces of the republic, and to keep them in a state of preparation for its defence. The nation, as well as the army, full of confidence in the patrio

tism, the indefatigable zeal and the talents of its leaders, has nothing to fear from an attack.

The country, abundantly provided with arms and warlike stores of every kind, will be defended by the militia, by the national guards, in short, by all that are able to bear arms; even the women as heretofore, will share with the same enthusiasm the fatigues and dangers of their husbands. We have before us a letter from General Enginas, secretary to the president of the republic of Hayti, containing what follows:

Our correspondents in Europe admonish us to adopt measures against a sudden attack; but we are protected against all surprise; we have made all the necessary dispositions; even the most inaccessible points of our lofty mountains have been fortified; magazines filled with provisions of every description, and manufactories for powder and arms have been established in the interior of the country. Our troops of the line and our national guard amount to a hundred and fifty thousand men, all well armed, well disciplined, and animated with the best spirit: in short, we have nothing to fear from the threat of an invasion.

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'It is not, however, impossible that, with immense resources, and a population superior to our own, ourannihilation, strictly speaking, might be eventually accomplished, by an enormous sacrifice of men and money: but never will a yoke be imposed upon the present generation of Hayti; never will our national independence be destroyed; it is a thing which appears to me physically and morally impossible. Should we be attacked, the world will see a fine example of devotedness to liberty and to patriotism," &c. &c. &c.

The journals of North America announce that the North Carolina, a ship of the line of seventy-four guns, and several small vessels, are to form a squadron under the command of Commodore Rogers. Its destination is unknown; but it is conjectured that it will act as a squadron of observation, and that it will defend, if necessary, the principles avowed in the message of the president of the United States. If the intention of the European powers, in respect to the independent governments of the Southern part of America, render useless this measure of precaution, it will at least have produced the effect of placing our marine upon a proper footing.

The Colombian goletta, the General Santander, çommanded by Captain Northamp, met, on the coast of Cuba, four vessels which appeared to be under the escort of the French brig the Genie, as the captain of this ship declared that they were French. Captain Northamp, having however, ascertained that the suspected vessels were Spanish, and captured three of them without any attempt on the part of the French ship to succour them: the night alone saved the fourth.

If the friends of America were unacquainted with the Spanish government, they might perhaps witness with some uneasiness, the ridiculous airs of intimidation which its folly induces it so assume, to persuade Europe that it is still in its power to tyrannize over the people who have for ever escaped from its power.

Happily the fate of the rotten ships at Cadiz is well known, as well as that of all the other pretended armaments. No one is ignorant of the practice of begging every where for men, ships and maravedis; and certainly, it is not at a time when the cabinet of Ma

drid is distinguished among the cabinets of Europe only by the enormity of its crimes, its profound stupidity, and its irretrievable misery, that its struggles are to be dreaded they are those of death! Information, however, has been received from Cadiz, that a frigate, two corvettes, and three transports, sailed from that port, on the 30th October, for Ferrol and Corogue, in order to convey troops from the North of Spain, to South America. Troops to America....when the French troops are quitting the Peninsula, and Ferdinand VII., stained with blood, and agitated by fear and remorse, is preparing to leave his capital, escorted only by priests and executioners!!! As to the pretended squadron, it is, without doubt, sent to gain intelligence of the Asia and Achilles, which are known to be iding in the Pacific Ocean, concerning which no information has as yet reached America*.

* Our correspondent at Arequipo, in Peru, writes to us under date of the 15th July last, that, at that time, nothing was known of these ships, which had not been seen on any part of the American coasts.

FINANCIAL AND COMMERCIAL
INTELLIGENCE.

In devoting a section of our Magazine to the investigation of the commercial and manufacturing resources of South America, we proposed to describe the nature and extent of each of these innumerable

resources, in succession. We promised our readers that we would endeavour to discriminate, as far as possible, between those elements of prosperity which, belonging to the nature of the soil, are unalterable and will increase with time, from those which, depending on accidental causes, may vary with circumstances.

We shall confine ourselves, in this article, to those which fall under the former of these heads in the two most important nations of South America, Brasil and Mexico, which, by their population, their extent, and the riches of every kind which nature has lavished upon them, claim, in a commercial point of view, preeminence over all the other states of the continent.

The two notices which will be found subjoined on the mineral conformation of the two countries, will enable our readers to form an estimate of the colossal prosperity to which both appear to be destined.