decree which is to legalize their rights, and which they are daily expecting. The enormous premiums already offered for the shares, have not been able to induce them to depart from this system of prudence and regularity. The directors have definitively settled whatever relates to the personal and material department of their undertaking. Their agents are already upon the spot, and the miners, as well as the machinery and implements necessary for the working of mines of every description, are in a state of readiness; we believe also that the expedition has already left the English shores. Such are the proceedings of men whose fortune and character accord with the importance of so great an enterprise. We give our readers the names of the directors of the New Brasilian Company, persuaded, as we are, that nothing will more effectually conciliate, in their favor, the esteem and confidence of the public. DIRECTORS. John Irving, Esq. M. P., Chairman. The Right Hon. Viscount Louther, M. P., Deputy Chairman. Richard Hart Davis, M. P. Sir Robert Farquhar, Bart. M. P. Edward Fletcher, Esq. William Morgan, Esq. Sir Peter Pole, M. P. Sir George Robinson Owen Williams, M. P. John Innes, M. P. AUDITORS. Sir Francis Desanges, Sir John Lillie. Note-The abundance of matter prevents our inserting the trans. lation of an excellent article on the same subject in O Padre Amaro, a Portuguese journal printed at London, in February last, No 50. We recommend this periodical publication to our readers; they will find in it interesting views respecting the question which occupies our attention. TRADE AND COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE. At the moment when the treaty of commerce, concluded in 1810, between Portugal and England, has just expired, and when the British merchants are expecting with confidence the renewal of this treaty, 'founded on the principle of the independence of the Brasilian empire, we cannot give to our readers a more correct idea of the advantages attached to this important measure, than by borrowing from the Times the following article, which this valuable journal has lately published on this subject: "The announcement of the new relations about to spring up between Great Britain and Spanish America, has been hailed by the manufacturing and commercial interest of this country with such a burst of satisfaction, that Mr. Canning will of course exert himself to follow up a similar national policy wherever the occasion may offer. Brasil, now irrevocably separated from Portugal, appears to us to furnish both the inducement and the facility for such a train of measures on the part of the British government. The treaty with Portugal of 1810, under which goods from England have been hitherto imported into Brasil, as well as the mother-country, at an ad valorem duty of 15 per cent., is to expire in February, 1825. We then lose an exclusive privilege, of which the magnitude may be guessed from this fact-that when (on the 25th of April, 1818) a law was passed by the Brasilian government for admitting the merchandize of other foreign nations, the tax on importation was settled at 24 per cent. ad valorem, leaving 9 per cent. in favour of Great Britain. But a further VOL. I. No. 3. 3 T advantage over our commercial rivals has arisen to us from the practical regulations of Brasil. A clause was inserted both in the British treaty of 1810, and in the new Brasilian law of April, 1818, affecting other foreigners, that where the value of a particular article was not fixed by the tariff existing at the time, it should be so by the declaration of the importer. Now, with respect to the French merchants, this provision has not been faithfully observed. In cases not settled by the tariff, the French importers are not suffered to fix the value of their own goods, but are forced to admit the valuation of persons appointed by the government, whose ignorance or design has generally led to a valuation so much above the truth, as to fall with ruinous weight upon the French merchant, and to favor the British at his expense. This spirit proceeds, it is conjectured, from the enmity of the court of France to the new-born independence of South America, and of Brasil as part of it. The French merchants, however, have addressed their sovereign, urging him to obtain for them the necessary relief, stating the expiration of the British commercial treaty-the equal footing on which England will then stand with other foreigners-the general advantages of a commercial intercourse between France and Brasil-the probability of a favorable hearing being obtained for any overtures from the French government to the Emperor, and the manifest expediency of a commercial treaty. The present, then, is the moment for England to act with decision. The Brasilian government cannot be blamed for conceding most to the highest bidder. A struggle may probably take place in the French councils between interest and prejudice -between legitimacy and lucre-to delay, though perhaps not long to obstruct, its decision. No such grounds of hesitation, however, can be apprehended here. If, on the other hand, tenderness towards Portugal should have influenced his majesty to pause a little before he came forward with a public homage to the sovereignty which Brasil has beyond all ques tion secured to herself, time enough surely has long since elapsed for England to impress upon the mind of John VI. the salutary conviction that, as king of Portugal, he must bid adieu to Brasil for ever. It is not, therefore, that the principle is one which ought, under any circumstances, to decide the politics of Great Britain; but that the present is the hour at which she has most to dread from failing to act upon it. She is on the point of forfeiting a solid superiority, which must expire with the treaty that produced it; and the commercial question is, will she not pay something to have it speedily and effectually revived ?". We have received from Mr. C. Moreau,-the distinguished economist who has recently enriched the archives of England with a chart showing her trade with all parts of the world, from the year 1697 to 1823,the following letter, which we consider it our duty to lay before our readers, as the expression of the lively gratitude of this laborious foreigner for the flattering reception which his interesting work has met with from the English nation. We extremely regret that Mr. C. M. has not published a second edition of his chart which, in our opinion, will find a place in every library and countinghouse; but if, as he induces us to hope, he will incorporate its elements in a new work which he intends to publish, the public and himself may depend that we shall attend to it, persuaded as we are that the merit of this work will be equal to that which has already appeared. TO THE EDITOR OF THE AMERICAN MONITOR. London, 30th January, No. 21, Soho Square, "Sir-In acknowledgment for the very favorable reception you were kind enough to bestow on the Chart I recently pub lished, of the commerce of Great Britain with all parts of the world, I beg of you to accept a second copy of the work, now rendered complete by the addition of the commercial operations of the year 1823, for which addition I am indebted to the obliging condescension of the Right Honorable the Lords of the Board of Trade. "The rapid and nearly entire sale of the' copies of my Chart, of which I shall not publish a second edition, it being my intention to incorporate the principal part in a new work now composing by me, induces me to present you with the present copy; and I shall feel happy, Sir, if it be thought worthy of occupying a place in your private library, and thereby be of utility, by diminishing at times your researches. You, Sir, are the intermediate party between the public and authors who submit to their tribunal the fruit of their lucubrations. May I be permitted, under this title, to beg of you to accept my expressions of the warmest gratitude for the unexpected success obtained by my work, and for which success I feel myself particularly indebted to the great indulgence shown me by the English press, "Sir,-The prohibitory laws and decrees of Colombia against the importation of certain articles into this country appearing to be imperfectly understood, and some British merchants having recently fallen into a misconception of the one relative to sugar-probably from its not being sufficiently explicit, I beg to transmit to you a list of the articles prohibited, with the respective penalties attached to the violation of the laws, for the guidance of merchants embarking in the trade of Colombia, and for the purpose of obviating the re |