The death of Byron broke the link which united men as different and discordant as Odysseus and Mavrocordato, and frustrated the purpose with which the conference at Amphissa had been called. The bitter antagonism expressed in Trelawny's letter to Mrs. Shelley was fully reciprocated by Mavrocordato, who is charged by Humphreys, and apparently believed by Dr. Howe and Sir Emerson Tennent, to have instigated or connived at the assassination of Odysseus, and the attempted killing of Trelawny in his cave on Parnassus, in 1825. At some time between Byron's death and that of Odysseus (June 16, 1825) probably in the late summer of 1824, Trelawny wrote to Finlay from Argos:

"I sat up till the lark rose, talking with Odysseus; no-no Napoli for me to-day. The government have ordered old Colly (Kolokotrones) "to come here-and our friend Mavro. They are carrying a press of sail for so crank a craft. I am ready to start for Tripolitza to-night, or to-morrow morning, as your Worship-or Majesty I should say decides; but you have 'gaged your word, and must go. You must determine on paying Fenton a visit at Parnassus. I promise your curiosity will be gratified in visiting the Spiglia. I send George to Zante to-morrow morn. Do you think I may trust him with the blunt? I will call at your café, after I have dined and dozed. The Lion and Tiger are conferring amicably-as yet, all goes well. "Yours and Truly,

"TREL. "Time we have nothing to do with, as to date and day-'tis the year 1824, Argos."

The "Lion and Tiger" here were Odysseus and Kolokotrones: the latter had lately been beaten in one civil war, near Nauplia (Napoli), and was soon to begin another. Finlay did soon after visit the cavern above Velitsa, and for some time kept up an acquaintance both with Trelawny and Odysseus. Millingen, who knew them all, and did not cease to correspond with Finlay after he had entered

*In fact he returned in the same vessel, the Florida, which conveyed the remains of Byron to London, reaching there July 1, 1824

Mr. Trelawny was a very handsome man, possessed of great strength and surprising agility. Nature had given him a highly romantic countenance-his wild, haughty, unquiet, scintillating dark eye denoted his disposition to bold and extraordinary undertaking. In his manners and opinions he seemed to have taken Hope's Anastatius for his model; and, to judge from his lofty language, he had a mint of phrases as rich as Don Adriano de Armado. The courage which distinguished him in Negropont acquired him the esteem of Odysseus and the Pallikari. He so rapidly and completely moulded himself to their manners as to be generally taken for a Greek. This, with his generosity, gained their affection, and his severity insured their obedience. With such qualities, Trelawny would have risen into notice, had not fortune turned against his friend. Whatever his faults, every European who knew him in Greece cannot but praise the generous qualities of his heart, and acknowledge him to have been a most entertaining companion. Owing, no doubt, to his prolonged stay in Oriental countries, his imagination got the better of his veracity; yet his narrations were so interesting that, whether true or untrue, one could not but listen to them with as much pleasure as to the wonders of an Arabian tale. He occupies a romantic place in the annals of Greece, through his adventures in the cavern of Odysseus, the black assassination attempted there, and the generous manner in which he spared Whitcomb's life, and set him at liberty."

The story of this attempted murder has been told by Trelawny, and many others; the annals of the period are full of worse deeds, but these seldom were the work of Englishmen, as in Trelawny's case. Finlay, commenting on the history of the Greek Revolution published in 1828 by his comrade, Dr. Howe, complained of "too much sqeamishness about Turkish cruelty, and too little about Greek ;” adding, in his caustic manner-" The Greeks were and are as cruel as the Turks: the ancient Thebans had a temple to Hercules

my assistant, Dr. Treiber, and Dr. Lucca were invited. Our opinions were divided. Bruno and Lucca proposed having recourse to antispasmodics and other remedies, employed in the last stages of typhus. Treiber and I maintained that such could only hasten the fatal termination. We recommended the application of numerous leeches to the temples, behind the ears, and along the course of the jugular vein, etc. Dr. Bruno, however, being the patient's physician, had the casting vote, and he prepared a strong infusion of valer

"I saw Trelawny at Athens; he was accompanied by his wife, hardly fourteen years old, but lovely as an angel. She bore in her breast a pledge of love which ought to attach Trelawny to her until death, and she spoke English with surprising facility. Trelawny told me the story of Fenton and his wounds; he said he would go to Zante to be healed completely, for they still much annoyed him. Then he would return to the cavern, which he never meant to abandon till he could bring away from it his treasure, his friends, and the rest of his wife's family. It was when Odysseus was proscribed and a fugitive that he married the sister." *

The details of Byron's last illness are painful, since he appears to have been improperly treated by his physician. Bleeding was then in vogue, as we see by Trelawny's letter to Stanhope, and it was urged upon the patient by his Piedmontese physician, Bruno, but Byron refused more than once. In the presence of Dr. Millingen, who tells the story (as also did Fletcher, Byron's valet), Byron angrily asked why they wished to bleed him. "It will do you good," was Millingen's reply; "but since you are so averse to it, let us put it off till to-morrow" (April 16th). This was done, but then, says Fletcher “ As the physicians insisted, I also began to entreat him to give his assent; and on the 16th he was bled both morning and evening." It may have been repeated on the 17th; on the 18th, says Millingen:

"A consultation was proposed, to which

*This would indicate that the marriage took place in the

winter of 1824-25, for Trelawny was wounded June 5, 1825. Of the child or children of this marriage nothing seems to be known; and all trace of Tarsitsa Trelawny is lost in Greece, so far as I could learn.

convulsive movements and the delirium increased-yet, notwithstanding my earnest representations, a second dose was administered half an hour after: when our patient sunk into a comatose sleep, and died the next day."

The day of his death was Easter Monday, according to the Greek rite; the joy of that season, in which the Greeks take a religious, but noisy satisfaction, was instantly changed into sorrow; the public offices and shops were shut for three days, and on the third, his obsequies were performed at Missolonghi, where his body was embalmed and his heart buried, near the graves of Marco Bozzaris, young Mavromichali, and Count Normann, a Philhellene. His statue now stands among these graves on a marble pillar, with a Greek elegiac inscription, not remarkable for poetic merit, but testifying to the gratitude of free Greece. At Amphissa, where Stanhope and Odysseus were, similar funeral rites were held, and a Greek priest, whose remarks appear, badly translated, in Stanhope's volume, said, nobly:

"Those enlightened foreigners who add to their education the mild sentiments of humanity, not only look with joy on the vast progress of Greece toward emancipation during the present war, but they have actually contributed to our success, each in his own way. Not content with standing afar off and wishing us good fortune, many of them have joined us in the contest, and are here running the perilous, glorious course. Among these, lately appearing, was Lord Byron; whom inexorable death forbade to be spared a partnership in the disasters of these lands, to which formerly he turned his steps in order to proclaim to distant nations their glory and

their shame. He refused to confine to a single people the benefit of his talents, but condescended to display them wherever mankind summoned him to its aid. This single-hearted devotion to the welfare of the human race had raised him to a glorious rank among those of his nation illustrious for their virtues, of whom Greece hopes to see many more co-operating in her regeneration. Having thus paid our tribute of admiration to the virtues of Byron, let us join in the prayer that his memory may be eternal with us and with the whole world, associated as it must ever be with reminiscences of Greece."

This prayer, made under the olive-trees of Amphissa, in sight of the snowy peaks of Parnassus, has been well answered. Whenever the thought of Byron occurs to the mind, the heart is touched with memories of his love for Greece; wherever the stranger wanders in that romantic land, its scenery recalls the English poet who best described it. Byron's memory makes the wretched morass of Missolonghi a place of pilgrimage; his death there has made it as famous as the remark able defence of its mud walls, in which an American warrior, Colonel Miller, had a distinguished share, and which Trelawny sorrowfully described after the town was captured, in 1826. Trelawny was in Zante, scarcely recovered from his desperate wounds, and wrote for publication in London this account of the fall of Missolonghi (April 27, 1826): *

"Missolonghi's heroic defence for five years-insulated, unaided, and alone, standing in opposition against a mighty empire, a paltry fishing town, floating on a mud-bank, inhabited by petty traffickers -walled in with mud, defended by a few almost useless cannon—has kept, all these

*Writing to Mrs. Shelley, September 17, 1825, from Cephalonia, Trelawny said: "I have just escaped from

broken frame and shattered constitution. Two musket balls,

Greece and landed here, in the hopes of patching up my fired at the distance of two paces, struck me and passed through my framework, which damned near finished me; but 'tis a long story, and my writing arm is rendered unfit for service, and I am yet unpractised with the left. I shall be confined here some time. I need rest and quiet, for I am shook to the foundation." He crossed over to Zante, and thence, in 1826, wrote to Mrs. Shelley, complaining of poverty-"bountiful will and confined means are a curse." Though only thirty-four (he was the son of Charles Trelawny and Maria Hawkins, and was born in London, November 3, 1792), he began to look forward to age, and wrote, "Old age and poverty is a frightful prospect. Poverty is the vampire which lives on human blood, and haunts its victim to destruction. Hell can fable no torment exceed ing it-it is the climax of human ill. You may be certain I could not write thus on what I did not feel."

years, a succession of immense armies in check, and stood as an advanced bulwark in the defence of his country. But man is not omnipotent; heroes are not immortal. The garrison had been so reduced by famine as to feed on human flesh for several days; part of them had no stomach for this, and were starving, which state of things led to the resolution to set fire to the town. To this, it seems, they added the terrible alternative of destroying all their women and children, which they effected by collecting them over a mine and exploding it. The garrison then sallied

out, sword in hand."

This is not quite exact-Trelawny seldom was-but the truth was even more startling. The sortie of the garrison, April 23, 1826, included 3,000 fighting men, with 1,000 artisans, and 5,000 women and children-the whole population being 9,000. In the sortie 500 fell; 600 starved to death in the retreat, and 1,800 cut their way through the besieging force among them 200 women. The savage Ibrahim of Egypt boasted of 3,000 heads of the slain, and 3,500 women and children were made slaves. Among the killed was Dr. Meyer, a Swiss scholar, who had edited Colonel Stanhope's Greek newspaper, and who was the special friend of Colonel J. P. Miller, of Vermont-one of the heroes who cut their way out, with Nothi Bozarris and other Suliote fighters. Colonel Miller had fought for the Greeks, as Dr. Howe did, from 1824 onwardneither of them reaching Greece till after Byron's death. Both were enthusiastic admirers of Byron, and each brought back to America a souvenir of the dead poetHowe his helmet, which now hangs in Mrs. Howe's Boston house, and Miller his cavalry sword, now belonging to Mrs. Keith, the daughter of Colonel Miller, whose home is in Chicago. Her father's yataghan and Byron's sword hang together in her apartment-as our engraving represents them [page 358]. The story of the sword is singular. Byron gave it to one of his Suliote captains, Loukas, who afterward fell in one of the fights in Attica. His family retained the sword and helmet; but, in their poverty, late in the war, offered them for sale. Three men specially desired the sword-George Finlay, Colonel Miller, and Dr. Howe; but it was agreed that the

arrange my affairs here. Your morals are much purer than those of England; those of the higher classes of England are become very corrupt. . . There are no old Englishmen no yeomen. The English have lost everything good in their character.' His manners are most charming and fascinating; and if he is (as they say) a devil, he is certainly a merry one-nothing gloomy. His voice is low, and at first sounds affected."

The other account is by an English clergyman, in the autumn of 1822, also at Genoa :

which, it is said,

he was once so proud; and several gray hairs were seen, in spite of his anxiety to remove them. A slight color occasionally crossed his cheeks, and when I related an anecdote of a lady (Caroline Lamb) who said, I have often been very foolish, but never wicked' at hearing this a blush stole over his face, and he said, I believe her.' There was nothing eccentric in his manner; nothing beyond the level of ordinary clever men in his remarks or style of conversation."

This observer was a Mr. Johnson, and he was accompanied in his call by Aaron Burr, the American exile, who afterward is reported to have given Byron this valuable certificate, in talking with an English merchant at Gibraltar: "I am no judge of his merits as a poet; but by