s to be prepared for captain Parry ing the long-desired pole, and returning to the Hecla at Cloven Cliff. Dogs or reindeer (the former preferable for drawing the sledges, when necessary, but the latter better for food, in case of accident or detention) are to be taken on the expedition. It is known that the summer temperature is far from being severe; there is perpetual light, with the sun continually above the horizon; and he knows, from experience, that the men on such occasions are always very healthy. During his absence, the boats of the ship are to be engaged in exploring the eastern side of Spitzbergen; and the officers and men of science in making philosophical experiments with the pendulum, on magnetism and meteoro logy, in natural history, &c, RESULTS OF THE ARCTIC EXPEDITIONS. Dr. Jamieson has observed, that the four Arctic Expeditions, viz. that under captain Ross, and the three under captain Parry, afford the following general facts and inferences:-1. That the regions explored abound in primitive and transition rocks; and that, although the secondary rocks occupy considerable tracts, still their extent is more limited than that of the older formations; that the alluvial deposites are not extensive; that true or modern volcanic rocks were nowhere met with; and that the only traces of tertiary strata were found in the sandstones and clays connected with the secondary traps of Baffin's Bay. 2. That the primitive and transition islands were, in all probability, at one time connected together, and formed a continuous mass with the conti nental parts of America; and that in the plains and hollows of this land were deposited the secondary limestones, sandstones, gypsum, and coal, and upon these again the tertiary rocks. 3. That, after the deposition of these secondary and tertiary rocks, the land appears to have been broken up, and reduced either suddenly or by degrees, or partly by sudden and violent action, and partly by the long-continued agency of the atmosphere and the ocean, into its present insular and peninsular form; and that, consequently, the secondary and tertiary formations were formerly, in those regions, more extensively distributed than they are at present, 4. That, previously to the deposition of the coal formation, as that of Melville island, the transition and primitive hills and plains sup ported a rich and luxuriant vegetation, principally of cryptogamous plants, especially tree ferns, the prototypes of which are now met with only in the tropical regions of the earth. The fossil corals of the secondary limestones also intimate that, before, during, and after, the deposition of the coal formation, the waters of the ocean were so constituted as to support polyparia, closely resembling those of the present equatorial seas. 5. That previously to and during the deposition of the tertiary strata, these now frozen regions supported forests of dicotyledonous trees, as is shown by the fossil dicotyledonous woods met with in connexion with these strata, in Baffin's Bay, and by the fossil wood of Melville island, Cape York, and Byam Martin island. 6. That the boulders or rolled blocks met with in different quarters, and in tracts distant from their original localities, afford evidence of the passage of water across them, and at a period subsequent to the deposition of the newest solid strata, namely, those of the tertiary class. 7. That nowhere are there any discoverable traces of the agency of modern volcanoes; and we may add, that in the Arctic regions the only known appearances of this kind are those in Jan Mayen's island de scribed by Scoresby. 8. That the only intimations of older volcanic action are those afforded by the presence of secondary trap rocks, such as basalt, greenstone, trap-tufa, and amygdaloid. 9. That the black bituminous coal, the coal of the oldest coal formation, which some speculators maintained to be confined to the more temperate and warmer regions of the earth, is now proved, by its discovery in Melville island, far to the west, and in Jameson's land, far to the east, in Old Greenland, to form an interesting and important feature in the geognostical constitution of Arctic countries. 10. That the red sandstone of Possession Bay, &c., renders it probable that rocksalt may occur in that quarter. 11. That although no new metalliferous compounds have occurred to gratify the curiosity of the mineralogist, yet the regions explored by captain Parry have afforded various interesting and highly useful ores-such as octahedral or magnetic iron ore, rhomboidal or red iron ore, prismatic or brown iron ore, and prismatic chrome ore or chromate of iron; also the common ore of copper, or copper pyrites; molybdæna glance, or sulphurate of molybdæna; ore of titanium; and that interesting and valuable mineral, graphite or black lead. 12. That the gems, the most valued and most beautiful of mineral substances, are not wanting in the Arctic Regions visited by the expeditions, is proved by the great abundance of the precious garnet, which we doubt not will be found, on more particular examination of the primitive rocks, to present all the beautiful colours and elegant forms for which it is so much admired. Rock-crystal, another of the gems, was met with and also beryl and zircon. 13. That these newly-discovered lands exhibit the same general geognostical arrangements as occur in all other extensive tracts of country hitherto examined by the naturalist; a fact which strengthens that opinion which maintains that the grand features of nature, in the mineral kingdom, are every where similar, and, consequently, that the same general agencies must have prevailed generally during the formation of the solid mass of the earth. PATENTS. J. M'Curdy, of Cecil-street, Strand, London; for improvements in generating steam.-December 27, 1825. J. Ogston and J. T. Bell, of Daviesstreet, Berkeley-square, London; for improvements in the construction or manufacture of watches of different descriptions. Communicated by a foreigner.-January 6, 1826. R. Evans, of Bread-street and Queenstreet, Cheapside; for improvements in the apparatus for, and process of, distillation.-January 7. H. Houldsworth, the younger, of Manchester, for improvements in machinery for giving the taking-up or winding-on motion to spools or bobbins and tubes, or other instruments, on which the roying or thread is roving, in spinning and twisting machines.-January 16. B. Newmarch, of Cheltenham, for an improved method of exploding fire-arms. -January 16. J. Rothwell, of Manchester; for improved heald or harness for weaving purposes. January 16. H. A. Koymans, of Warnford-court, London; for improvements in the construction and use of apparatus and works for inland navigation. Communicated by a foreigner.-January 16. J. F. Smith, of Chesterfield; for an improvement in the process of drawing, roving, spinning, and doubling, wool, cotton, and other, fibrous substances. January 19. low. Whitfield, of Birmingham; for improvements in making or manufacturing handles for saucepans, kettles, and other culinary vessels, and also tea-ket tle handle straps and other articles. -January 19. B. Cook, of Birmingham, brass founder, for improvements in making or constructing hinges of various descriptions. January 19. A. R. Leorent, of Gottenburg, at present residing in King-street, Cheapside, London; for a method of applying steam, without pressure, to pans, boilers, coppers, S stills, pipes, and machinery, in to produce, transmit, and regulate è various temperatures of heat in the several processes of boiling, distill ing, evaporating, inspissating, drying, and warming, and also to produce power. -January 19. Sir R. Seppings, knight, of Somerset House; for an improved construction of such masts and bow-sprits, as are generally known by the name of made masts and made bow-sprits.-January 19. R. Stephenson, of Bridge Town, Warwickshire; for axletrees to remedy the extra friction on curves to waggons, carts, cars, and carriages used or to be used on rail roads, tramways, and other public roads.-January 23. R. Rigg, of Bowstead Hill, Cumberland, for a new condensing apparatus to be used with or applied to the apparatus now in use for making vinegar,.-Febru⚫ary 4. J. C. Gamble, of Dublin; for an apparatus for the concentration and crystallization of aluminous and other saline and crystallizable solutions, part of which apparatus may be applied to the general purposes of evaporation, distillation, inspissation, and desiccation, and especi cially to the generation of steam bruary 7. Fe Lordig horr W. Mayhew, of Union-street, Southwark, and W. White, of Cheapside; for an improvement in the manufacture of hats.-February 7. 98 don H. Evans, Holyhead, North Wales; for a method or methods of rendering ships and other vessels, or propelled by steam,fe cases of danger by leakage, bilging, or letting in water, than as at present con! structed. February 7,102 vd bodusz W. Chapman, of Tyne; for improved machin for loading or unloading of ships, vessels, or craft. February17.902 16 on B. Cook, of Birmingham, brassfounder; for improvements in making files of various descriptions.-February 7. W. Warren, of Crown-street, Fins bury-square, for improvements in the process of extracting from Peruvian bark, medicinal substances or properties, known by the name of quinine and cinchonine, and preparing the various salts to which these substances may serve as a basis. Communicated by a foreigner. February 11. J. Higgins, of Oxford-street, London; for improvements in the construction of the masts, yards, sails, rigging of ships, and smaller vessels, and in the tackle used for working or navigating the same. February 11. B. Newmarch, of Cheltenham, and C. Bonner, of Gloucester, for a mechanical invention to be applied for the purpose of suspending and securing windows, gates, doors, shutters, blinds, and other apparatus.-February 18. T. Walter, of Luton; for improvements in the manufacture of straw plat, for the purpose of making bonnets, hats, and other articles.-February 18. C. Whitlaw, of Bayswater Terrace; for an improvement or improvements in administering medicines by the agency of steam or vapour.-February 18. A. Buffum, late of Massachusetts; for improvements in the process of making or manufacturing and dyeing hats. Communicated partly by certain foreigners. February 18. J. Fraser, Houndsditch, London, engineer; for an improved method of constructing capstans and windlasses.February 25. B. Newmarch, Cheltenham, gentleman; for certain inventions to preserve vessels and other bodies from the dangerous effects of external or internal violence on land or water, and other improvements connected with the same. February 25. The same, for a preparation to be used either in solution or otherwise, for & preventing decay in timber or other substances, arising from dry rot or other causes.-February 25. J. Frazer, Houndsditch, London, engineer; for a new and improved method of distilling and rectifying spirits and strong waters.-March 4. SR. Midgley, Horsforth, near Leeds, gentleman; for a method, machinery, or apparatus, for conveying persons and goods over or across rivers or other waters, and over valleys or other places. --March 4. G. Anderton, Chickheaton, Yorkshire, worsted spinner; for improvements in the combing or dressing of wool and waste silk.-March 4. J. Neville, New Walk, Shad Thames, engineer; for a new and improved boiler or apparatus for generating steam with less expenditure of fuel. March 14. N. H. Manicler, of Great Guilfordstreet, Southwark, chemist; for a new preparation of fatty substances, and the application thereof to the purposes of affording light.—March 20. J. Billingham, of Norfolk-street, Strand; for an improvement or improvements in the construction of cooking apparatus. April 18. J. Rowbotham, of Great Surrey-street, Blackfriars-road, and R. Lloyd, of the Strand; for a method of preparing, forming, uniting, combining, and putting together, certain materials, substances, or things, for the purpose of being made into hats, caps, bonnets, cloaks, coats, trowsers, and for wearing apparel in general, and various other purposes. April 18. W. Wood, of Summer-Hill Grove, Northumberland; for an apparatus for destroying the inflammable air (which is commonly known by the name of firedamps) in mines.-April 22. J. Gillespie, of Grosvenor street, Newington, Surrey; for a new spring, or combination of springs, for the purpose of forming an elastic resisting medium. April 25. S. Brown, of Eagle Lodge, Old Brompton; for improvements on his former patent, dated Dec. 4, 1823; for an engine or instrument for effecting a vacuum, and thus producing powers by which water may be raised, and machinery put in motion.-April 25. F. Halliday, of Ham, Surrey; for an apparatus or machine for preventing the inconvenience arising from smoke in chimneys, which he denominates a wind guard. April 25. J. Williams of the Commercial-road; for improvements on ships' hearths, and apparatus for cooking by steam.-April 27. W. Choice, of Strahan Terrace, and R. Gibson, of White Conduit Terrace, Islington; for improvements in machinery for making bricks.-April 27. C. Kennedy, of Virginia Terrace, Great Dover-road, Surrey, for improvements in the apparatus used for cupping. April 29. J. Goulding, of America, but now residing in Cornhill, London; for improvements in the machines used for carding, stubbing, slivering, roving, or spinning wool, cotton, waste silk, short stapled hemp and flax, or any other fibrous materials or mixture thereof.-May 2. A. Buffum, late of Massachusetts, America, but now residing in Jewinstreet, London, and J. M'Curdy, of Cecil-street, Strand; for improvements in steam-engines.-May 6. Sir R. Seppings, of Somerset House; for improvements in the construction of fids or apparatus for striking top-masts and top-gallant masts in ships.May 6. W. Fenner, of Bushell-rents, Wapping; for an improvement in machinery or apparatus for curing sunoky, and cleansing foul chimneys.-May 6. A. A. de la Court, of Great Winchester-street; for a new instrument, and improvements in well-known instruments, applicable to the organ of sight. -May 6. J. Schaller, of Regent-street; for improvements in the construction or manufacture of clogs, pattens, or substitutes for the same.-May 6. E. Heard, St. Leonard, Shoreditch, chemist; for a new composition to be used for the purpose of washing in sea and other water.-May 8. L. Zachariah, jun. of Portsea, for a combination of materials to be used as fuel. May 8. D. Dunn, of Pentonville; for an improvement upon the screw-press used in the pressing of paper, books, tobacco, or bale goods, and in the expressing of oil, extracts, or tinctures, and for various other purposes in which great pressure is required.-May 23. T. Hughes, of Newbury; for improvements in the method of restoring foul or smutty wheat, and rendering the same fit for use.→→→May 23. F. Molyneux, of Stoke Saint Mary; for an improvement in machinery for spinning and twisting silk and wool, and for roving, spinning, and twisting flax, hemp, cotton, and other fibrous substances. May 23. T. P. Birt, of the Strand, for improvements on, or additions to, wheel carriages. May 23. J. Parker, of Knightsbridge, for improvements on, or additions to, park or other gates.-May 23. D.P.Deurbroucq, of Leicester-square; for an apparatus adapted to cool wort or must, previous to its being set to undergo the process of fermentation, and also for the purpose of condensing the steam arising from stills during the process of distillation. Communicated by a foreigner.-May 23. W. H. Gibbs, of Castle-court, Law rence-lane, and A. Dixon, of Huddersfield; for a new kind of piece goods, formed by a combination of threads of two or more colours, the manner of combining and displaying such colours in such piece goods constituting the novelty thereof.-May 23. J. Smith, of Tiverton; for an improvement on the stocking frame, and improved method of making stockings and other goods usually made on the stocking frame.-May 23. J. Loach, of Birmingham, for a selfacting sash-fastener, which fastening is applicable to other purposes.-May 23. R. Slag, of Kilnhurst Forge, near Doncaster; for an improvement in the manufacture of springs, chiefly applicable to carriages.-May 23. L. J. Marie, marquis de Combis, of Leicester-square; for improvements in the construction of rotatory steam-engines, and the apparatus connected therewith. Communicated by a foreigner. -May 23. J. B. Fernandez, of Norfolk-street, Strand; for improvements in the construction of blinds or shades for windows, or other purposes.-May 26. R. Mickleham, of Furnival's Inn; for improvements in engines moved by the pressure, elasticity, or expansion of steam, gas, or air, by which a great saving in fuel will be effected. June 6. H. R. Fanshaw, of Addle-street, London; for an improved winding machine. June 13. J. Ham, of Bristol; for an improved process for promoting the action of the acetic air on metallic bodies.-June 13. T. J. Knowles, of Trinity College, Oxford; for a new manufacture of ornamental metal or metals. Communicated by a foreigner.-June 13. T. Halahan, of Dublin; for machi nery or apparatus for working ordnance. June 22. L. Aubrey, of Two-Waters, Herts; for an improvement in the web or wire for making paper.-July 4. J. Poole, of Sheffield; for improvements in steam-engine boilers or steam generators; applicable also to the evaporation of other fluids.-July 4. D. Freeman, of Wakefield; for improvements in measuring for, and making collars for horses, and other cattle.July 4. P. Groves, of London; for improvements in manufacturing white lead.July 4. |