Headed by whom? in Ireland? What leaders? What took place | What important movement 6. Where was the Exhibition of 1851 built? Who designed it? Who first proposed it? Who opened it? What became of it afterwards? 7. What war commenced in 1854? In whose defence? Why? What took place at Sinope? What did the fleets then do? What town did the Russians besiege? What was their loss? 8. Where was the chief seat of war? What was the first great victory gained by the Allies? What town did they besiege? Name the next two battles. What is said of Balaklava? Of Inkermann? Name three British commanders in this war. Where was the hext great battle fought? When? What is said of it? Between whom was it fought? 9. How had the siege been progressing? What was now commenced? With what effect? Who was the Russian commander? How did he now act? How long had the siege lasted? How many men had been slain? What part had the fleets taken in the war? Where was the treaty of peace signed? When? 10. What took place in India in 1857? What are Sepoys? What did they do when the signal was given? By whom were they subdued? Who lost his life in the conflict? How is India now governed? com menced? In what year did Prince Albert die? What feeling did his death cause in the nation? 12. What conspiracy assumed a serious form in 1865? What was done in 1866? 13. What Bill was passed in 1867? Under whose auspices? What were its objects? How many new members did Scotland obtain? 14. What war took place in 1867-8? Its object? Its success? What became of Theodore? What town was taken? Who commanded the English? What was his reward? 15. When did Mr. Disraeli resign? Who succeeded him? What measure passed in 1869? When was the Irish Church disestablished? What Irish Act passed in the following year? What English Act? What cause of national anxiety was there in 1871? When and where did the public thanksgiving take place? Who were present? What Acts were passed in 1872? 16. When was the Penny Postage introduced? What caused distress in Ireland in 1845? When was the Telegraph from Dover to Calais laid? Death of Wellington? Where was he buried! When were Jews admitted to Parliament? Who first? Who arranged the treaty of commerce between England and France? When? Whom did the Prince of Wales marry? When? What 11. Who became Premier in 1859? great design was completed in 1866? CHIEF AUTHORS OF THE BRUNSWICK PERIOD, WITH A CHIEF WORK OF EACH. JOSEPH ADDISON (1672-1719)-Papers | WILLIAM COWPER (1731-1800)—poetin the Spectator. The Task. SIR ISAAC NEWTON (1642–1727)-Prin- LORD BYRON Childe Harold. (1786-1824)-poet cipia. ALEXANDER POPE (1688-1744)—poet-S. T. COLERIDGE (1772-1834)—poetTranslation of Homer. JAMES THOMSON (1700-1748)-poet- The Ancient Mariner. SIR WALTER SCOTT (1771-1832)—prose and poetry-Waverley Novels. DANIEL DE FOE (1661–1731)—Robinson FELICIA HEMANS (1793–1835)—Songs of Crusoe. the Affections. JONATHAN SWIFT (1667-1745) - Gul- HENRY HALLAM (1778-1859)— History liver's Travels. of the Middle Ages. ROBERT SOUTHEY (1774-1843)-prose W. WORDSWORTH (1770-1850)—poet- ALFRED TENNYSON (1810; still living, ADAM SMITH (1723-1790)- Wealth of LORD MACAULAY (1800-1859)—History Nations. of England. ROBERT BURNS (1759-1796)-poet- CHARLES DICKENS (1812-1870)—novelLyric Poems. ist-David Copperfield. LIVES OF GREAT MEN. OUTLINES FOR ORAL TEACHING AND FOR COMPOSITION Lives of great men all remind us We can make our lives sublime; And, departing, leave behind us Footprints on the sands of time.-LONGFELLOW. ALFRED THE GREAT. DESCRIPTION.-The champion of the English against the Danes, and founder of regular government in England. NARRATIVE.-849 A.D., Born at Wantage in Berkshire; fourth son of Ethelwolf of Wessex. 854, His father takes him to Rome. 857, His father dies. Alfred's three elder brothers rule in succession till 871, when Alfred comes to the throne.' The Danes make head against him.2 877, Alfred disbands his troops, and retires to Athelney." 878, Enters the Danish camp disguised as a harper, and learns their plans; defeats them at Ethandune;' recovers London; devotes himself to improving his kingdom. 896, Repels a new Danish invasion. 901, Dies. (Æt. 52.) CHARACTER. --A wise and thoughtful prince; systematic in his labours, giving one-third of his time to God, one-third to his subjects, and one-third to rest and recreation; a skilful general; a learned man, and a patron of learning. 1 Alfred is said to have accepted the | made great progress during the reigns crown very unwillingly. Being the of Alfred's brothers; and when he came fourth son, he had had little expecta- to the throne the kingdom was sadly tion of ever reaching the throne, and distracted by them. had devoted himself to study. 2 The Danes began to ravage the coasts of England in 787. They had 3 A small island, at the junction of the Tone and the Parret, in Somersetshire. A hill in Somersetshire. JOHN GUTTENBERG. DESCRIPTION.-The inventor of cut metal types,' and improver of the art of printing. 2 NARRATIVE.-Born at Mentz, 1400; of an aristocratic family. Travels in Holland; at Haarlem3 meets Laurence Coster, who dis closes to him his plan of printing from wooden types, and his experiments with metal types. Guttenberg at once resolves to perfect the latter idea; retires to Strasburg; works in the ruins of an old monastery, professedly as a jeweller and metal-worker. His assistants, jealous of his secret labours, stir up the authorities against him; his goods are forfeited, and he has to leave Strasburg. He returns to Mentz, and enters into partnership with John Fust and Peter Schoeffer. The transcribers of manuscripts in the town form a league against the printers. Fust and Schoeffer" betray and, sacrifice Guttenberg, who is driven out of Mentz. He wanders about in poverty and neglect. The Elector of Nassau befriends him. He sets up a printing-press at Wiesbaden, and prints a number of works; lives peaceably till his death, in 1468. (Et. 68.) 7 CHARACTER.-A pious man, and a scholar; full of enthusiasm ; ingenious and persevering; one of the greatest of the world's benefactors. DESCRIPTION.-The discoverer of the New World. NARRATIVE.-1445, Born at Genoa; 1470, settles at Lisbon; trades to the African coast, the Azores, &c. 1480, Publishes his idea of a continent across the Atlantic. Genoa and Portugal refuse him help. Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain at length give him aid. His three vessels sail from Palos,' August 3, 1492. His men threaten to mutiny on the voyage; land is discovered, October 12. He lands on San Salvador. Returns to Spain, January 1493. Makes several other voyages, in the course of which he discovers Jamaica and the mainland of South America,2 1498. His enemies plot against him; and in 1500 he is sent from Cuba to Spain in chains3 as a criminal. 1504, On his return from his last voyage he finds Isabella dying, and the king estranged. 1506, Dies at Valladolid, poor and neglected. (Æt. 61.) CHARACTER.-Possessed great persistence and force of will. Not only a daring adventurer, but a discoverer in the highest sense; for his labours, and those of all the explorers whom he stimulated, rested upon a theory which he worked out in his mind. 1A port of Spain (south-west coast of Andalusia), near Huelva. Near Palos is the old Franciscan monastery of Moguer. Columbus, craving charity here in 1484, was received kindly by the prior, through whose influence Queen Isabella was induced to promote Columbus's schemes. that Amerigo Vespucci (after whom America was named) did not discover the northern coast of South America till 1499; so that Columbus was the discoverer, not only of the West Indies, but also of the Southern Continent. 3 Columbus retained his fetters till his death, and gave orders that they 2 Humboldt has proved incontestably should be buried with him. SIR WALTER RALEIGH. DESCRIPTION.-A celebrated navigator and author; one of the earliest promoters of colonization. NARRATIVE.-1552, Born at Hayes, in Devon. 1568, Enters Oriel College, Oxford. 1576, Sails to America with his brother-in-law, Sir Humphrey Gilbert; returns, 1579. 1580, Is introduced to Queen Elizabeth.1 1584, Fits out an expedition to colonize Virginia, which proves a failure; brings the tobacco-plant and the potato from America. 1588, Helps to defeat the Spanish Armada.2 1603, Is tried for taking part in the Main Plot, to place Arabella Stuart on the throne, and is condemned; is reprieved, but confined in the Tower, where he writes his History of the World (published 1614) and other works. 1616, Is released in consequence of his account of rich mines in Guiana; sails thither; finds no mine, but burns the Spanish town of St. Thomas. On his return, he is apprehended on the complaint of the Spanish Ambassador, and without a new trial is beheaded on his former sentence (1618). (Æt. 66.) CHARACTER.-Of an enterprising and chivalrous spirit; of stainless honour and integrity; a man of fine poetical taste; as a writer, classical and elevated, without pedantry or affectation. 1 The manner of his introduction was, taking off his new plush cloak, spread very romantic. The queen, while tak-it on the ground. The act of gallantry ing a walk, was stopped by a muddy did not go unrewarded. place in the footpath. She hesitated A great fleet, fitted out by Philip II. whether to proceed or not, when Raleigh, of Spain, and sent to invade England. 2 WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE. DESCRIPTION.-The world's greatest dramatic poet. NARRATIVE.-1564, Born at Stratford-on-Avon,' where his father is a glover, or wool-comber. 1578, Leaves school and joins his father's |