صور الصفحة
PDF
النشر الإلكتروني
[merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][graphic][graphic]

These Fashions for Window Curtains are furnished us by Mr. W. H. CARRYL. Mr. Carryl's exquisitely tasteful assortment of ready-made Curtains, and materials for Curtains, which never fail to satisfy even those who are most fastidious, amply warrants us in directing the attention of our lady readers to his store, No 169 Chestnut Street, corner of Fifth. (For description, see back part of the Book.)

VOL. XLV.-10

GUITAR.

[blocks in formation]

MUSIC COMPOSED EXPRESSLY FOR GODEY'S LADY'S BOOK, AND RESPECTFULLY INSCRIBED TO

[blocks in formation]

Miss C. M. E **** of Oswego,

BY CHARLIE C. CONVERSE.

#

[blocks in formation]
[graphic][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small]
[merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][graphic][graphic][graphic]

Fig. 1 is a reclining chair for an invalid. The position of the back can be varied, and the projecting part in front elongated or adjusted to any slope. Raising the back and lowering the front alters it into a common easy-chair.

Fig. 2 is a round stool in the Gothic style. Fig. 3 is an ottoman for the centre of the room, to accommodate several persons.

Figs. 4 and 5 are ottoman footstools covered with cloth, to correspond with the ottoman. These all

may be made at a very trifling cost, as the wooden part is nearly all covered with cloth.

Figs. 6 and 7 are drawing-room writing-tables used by ladies. The top part, forming the desk, pulls forward for convenience in writing. A sliding flap draws out on each side, to hold papers or a candle. There are drawers at the side, a lid at the top, and a drawer which pulls out at the side and turns round, as in Fig. 7, to hold pens, ink, wafers,

&c.

[merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small]

HAVING thus briefly described the chief mechanical processes of calico-printing, we come now to notice the chemical. The colors used in calicoprinting are derived from all the three kingdoms of nature; but it seldom happens that solutions, infusions, or decoctions of these colors admit of being applied at once to the cloth without some previous preparation, either of the cloth itself or of the coloring material. It is often necessary to apply some substance to the cloth which will act as a bond of union, between it and the coloring matter. This substance is usually a metallic salt, which has an affinity for the tissue of the cloth as well as for the coloring matter when in a state of solution, and forms with the latter an insoluble compound. Such a substance is called a mordant (from the Latin mordere, to bite), a term given by the French dyers under the idea that it exerted a corrosive action on the fibre, expanding the pores, and allowing the color to be absorbed. The usual mordants are common alum and several salts of alumina, peroxide of iron, peroxide of tin, protoxide of tin, and oxide of chrome. These have an affinity for coloring matters; but many of their salts have also a considerable attraction for the tissue of the cloth, which withdraws them to a certain extent from their solutions. Mordants are useful for all those vegetable and animal coloring matters which are soluble in water, but have not a strong affinity for tissues. The action of the mordant is to withdraw them from solution, and to form with them, upon the cloth itself, certain compounds which are insoluble in water.

In calico-printing, it is generally necessary to

10*

bring the mordant or the coloring matter into such a state of consistency as to prevent it from spreading beyond the proper limits of the design. This is done by the use of thickener, the most useful of which is wheat starch, and flour; but many others are used, such as gum Arabic, British gum, highdried potato starch, gum Senegal, gum tragacanth,

[graphic]

WASHING AND DRYING.

jalap, pipe-clay, or China clay mixed with gum, dextrine, potato and rice starch, sulphate of lead mixed with gum, and many others. The choice of proper thickeners requires attention; for two similar solutions of the same mordant equally thickened, but with different thickeners, may give different shades of color when used with the same coloring material.

The colors, with the proper thickeners, &c., are prepared in vessels furnished with steam-jackets (as

117

« السابقةمتابعة »