This was a bill in equity, filed by Sebastian Stutz, of Pittsburg, Pa., by certain other persons composing the firm of Ragon Brothers, of Evansville, Indiana, and by others composing the firm of Louis Stix & Co., of Cincinnati, Ohio, on behalf of themselves and such other creditors of the Clifton Coal Company as should come in and contribute to the expense of a suit, against the Clifton Coal Company and certain of its stockholders, to compel an assessment upon certain shares of stock held by the individual defendants, and payment of the same as a trust fund for the satisfaction of the debts of the company. The bill averred in substance that the Clifton Coal Company was incorporated under the laws of the State of Kentucky, in July, 1883, with power to purchase, lease and operate coal mines in the State of Kentucky, a copy of the articles of incorporation being annexed to the bill; that by said articles the capital stock of such corporation was fixed at $120,000, divided into shares of $100 each, with power to increase the same to $200,000, by a majority vote of the stockholders; that all the stock was then taken and paid for by the subscribers in some manner agreed upon between them; that, pursuant to the authority contained in the articles of incorporation, the stockholders, all of them being present and voting, "at a meeting duly held for the purpose in May, 1886, unanimously resolved and ordered that the capital stock of said company be, and in fact was then increased to $200,000 in shares of $100 each, being an increase of 800 shares of stock of said company;" that of the 800 shares then created, the defendant Handley subscribed for 864 shares, two of the other defendants for 15 shares each, and two others for 75 shares each, certificates of which were issued by the company,

and delivered to and received by, said subscribers as they were respectively entitled; but that neither one of them ever paid to the company any part of the said shares, and they each, respectively, owe the said company the full par value of the shares of the said capital stock subscribed for and issued to them.

The bill also averred that on December 30, 1886, it having been previously resolved to issue bonds to the amount of $50,000, and to secure the payment thereof by a mortgage upon its property, and said mortgage having been executed to trustees and recorded, a contract was executed and delivered to the company by certain others of the defendants, whose names were subscribed thereto, in the following terms: "We, the undersigned, subscribe for the amount set opposite our names respectively, to bonds of the Clifton Coal Company, aggregating $50,000. It is agreed that $50,000 capital stock be distributed pro rata among the subscribers to the above bonds;' that several of the defendants subscribed to this contract, and agreed to take bonds in different amounts; that said subscribers paid the coal company for the bonds, and that with the money thus received, to the extent of $30,000, the company paid its debts to certain of its officers and managers, who had become liable by indorsement for the company, and that nothing was or ever has been paid for or upon any of the shares of capital stock thus subscribed for, and to be distributed among them; that is to say, $50,000 of said capital stock, equivalent to 500 shares thereof, was in fact subscribed for and distributed among certain of the defendants, to whom in May, 1887, there were issued and received by them respectively certificates for shares.

The bill further averred that the plaintiffs were judgment creditors of the company, by judgments obtained in the courts of Kentucky; that their debts were created before all of the capital stock of said company was paid in; and that all of said $80,000 increase of the capital stock, and each and all of the amounts due to the company for any part of its capital stock, constituted a trust fund for their benefit, which they were entitled to have adminstered in a court of equity to the satisfaction of their said debts, the company being insolvent.

It further appeared from the testimony that the company was organized soon after its articles of incorporation were filed; that its chief office was at Mannington, Kentucky; and that it began business at once and made large outlays and expenditures for machinery, buildings, materials and labor. In the early part of the year 1886, the company was led to believe that its coal would coke, and therefore its products could be profitably extended from grate an steam purposes to iron-making coke. embark in the manufacture of coke, however, money was needed,

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and a meeting of the stockholders was held March 31, 1886, at which a resolution was passed, reciting that $50,000 was needed with which to erect coke ovens, buildings, improvements, etc., to further develop the property; and it was unanimously resolved to issue $50,000 of bonds of the company, in sums of $1,000 each, due thirty years from April 1, with 6 per cent. interest, and secured by trust mortgage upon the property of the company, and the president was authorized to dispose of such bonds as in his discretion seemed best. The mortgage was executed to the designated trustee and recorded. It was found, however, that the bonds could not be sold, and to meet the demands upon the company for money, it borrowed a large amount upon its notes, indorsed by its directors and stockholders and to secure the lenders and indorsers, the $50,000 of bonds were deposited in two banks in Nashville, Tennessee, as additional collateral security for the loans. Finding that no one would purchase the bonds, and being advised that in order to effect their sale it would be better to add an equal amount of stock to the bonds, and propose to the purchasers of such bonds to give as a gratuity $1,000 of stock with each $1,000 bond, a meeting of the stochholders of the company was held at Nashville, May 31, 1886, at which all the stockholders were present in person or by proxy, although without any call or previous notice and "it was unanimously resolved that the capital stock of the company be increased to $200,000, as authorized by the charter." This resolution was not then entered upon the records of the corporation, but was formulated in the shape of a pencil memorandum, and adopted unanimously, although no vote appeared to have been taken, and no formal record was made of the meeting until the summer of 1888. No notice of such change in the amount of its capital stock was recorded or published, as required by the laws of Kentucky. The subscribers to the bonds subsequently executed the agreement set forth in the bill, and bonds to the amount of $45,000 were delivered to the subscribers with equal amounts of certificates of "paid-up" stock, the receipts reciting that it "was issued with bonds for same amount, as per agreement." The certificates on their face recited that the shares of stock were fully paid up "and were non-assessable," or language to that effect. Five thousand dollars of the bonds were left in one of the national banks at Nashville as collateral security for a loan to the company, no one having subscribed for them. The remaining $30,000 shares of increased stock, which were not needed to secure the subscribers to the bonds, appeared to have been distributed pro rata among the old stockholders. In the latter part of 1887, and in the early part of the following year, plaintiff obtained judgments against the company, which were unsatisfied,

and in September, 1887, by an order of the Circuit Court of Hopkins County, Kentucky, the entire property of the company was placed in the hands of a receiver, and its operation stopped.

On February 8, 1889, this bill was filed against the coal company and the holders of this increased stock, to compel payment therefor, and to recover the amounts of the judgments against the company. The court dismissed the bill as to three of the defendants not served with process, and as to the rest held them liable to all the creditors of the company whose debts originated after the alleged increase of stock, and fixed May, 1886, as the date of such increase. As to debts contracted prior to that date, they were excluded because, as between the company and the stockholders, the latter held such stock properly, and without liability to the company and all creditors who dealt with the company prior to such increase, and not upon the faith of such stock, had no equity to demand more than the company itself could. Five of the defendants against whom decrees were rendered in excess of $5,000 appealed to this court, and the circuit court suspended the execution of the decree as to those who could not appeal until this court should determine the rights of the appellants. The opinion of the circuit court is reported in 41 Fred. Rep.

531.

Mr. Justice Brown delivered the opinion of the court:

1. Although the resolution of May 31, 1886, increasing the stock of the company from $120,000 to $200,000, was not formally entered at that time upon the books of the company, and nothing but a pencll memorandum was then made of the proceedings of the meeting, no objection can be taken to its validity by reason of such ommission. The testimony shows clearly what took place at this meeting. It appears from the memorandum made by Mr. Allen, the acting secretary, to have been "unanimously resolved that the capital stock of the company be increased to $200,000 as authorized by the charter, the purposes for which said stock is issued being the betterment of the present plant, and the construction of a new plant for coking purposes." This resolution was subsequently and in 1888, when the ommission to record the same appears to have been first discovered, formally entered upon the minute book of the corporation. The failure to enter this resolution at the time it was adopted did not affect its validity, as most corporate acts can be proved as well by parol as by written entries. Moss v. Averell, 10 N. Y. 449.

2. Nor were the proceedings of such meeting any less binding upon those participating in it by reason of the fact that it was held without call or notice, and outside the boundaries of the State under the laws of which the company was incorporated.

By an Act of the legislature of Kentucky, of March 3, 1876 (General Statutes, page 769), "all elections for directors and other of ficers, by private corporations, etc., shall be held within the territorial limits of the State of Kentucky . . . Any such election held outside of Kentucky shall be void." Beyond the election of officers, however, there is no statutory restriction of corporate action to the limits of the State, and in the absence of such inhibition the proceedings of such meeeting would, within the rule laid down by this court in Galveston, H. & H. R. Co. v. Cowdrey, 78 U. S. 11 Wall. 459, with regard to directors' meetings, be binding upon all those participating in, as well as upon those acting upon the faith of its validity, or receiving stock authorized to be issued at such meeting. It is true there are cases holding that stockholders' meetings cannot be legally held outside of the home State of the corporation, but the question has generally arisen where a majority present at such meeting had attempted by their action to bind a dissenting minority, or had taken action prejudicial to the rights of third persons. Ormsby v. Vermunt Copper Min. Co. 56 N. Y. 623; Hilles v. Parish, 14 N. J. Eq, 380. Indeed, so far as we know, the authorities are uniform to the effect that the action taken at such meetings is binding upon those who participate in or take the benefit of them. Heath v. Silverton Lead Min. Co. 39 Wis. 146. In this case the meeting was attended by all the stockholders but two, who were represented by proxy, the vote increasing the stock was unanimous, and it does not lie in the mouth of those who participated in this act or received the stock voted at this meeting to question its validity.

3. It is further claimed that this issue of stock was invalid by reason of the fact that there was no amendment of the charter authorizing such increase ever recorded or published, as required by the law of Kentucky. The proceeding for the organization of incorporated companies is found in chapter 56 of the General Statutes of Kentucky, the fifth section of which requires a notice to be published for at least four weeks in some newspaper as convenient as practicable to the principal place of business, specifying several particulars, among which is the amount of capital stock authorized, and the times when, and the conditions upon which it is to be paid in. Section six is as follows: "The corporation may commence business as soon as the articles are filed for record in the office of the county court clerk, and their acts shall be valid if the publication in a newspaper is made, and the copy filed in the office of the secretary of state, when such filing is necessary within three months from such filing in the clerk's office, No change in any of the foregoing particulars shall be valid, unless recorded and published as the ori