BONA ROBA-(II., i., 699): a harlot. "One of those whom Venus is said to rule."-Motteux's Rabelais.

BOTCHER (III., ii., 162; V., iii., 437): seems to have been a nickname for the Puritan faction; a follower of JOHN OF LEYDEN (q.v.) Compare Jasper Mayne: "The brethren,

Botchers I mean, and such poor zealous saints
As earn five groats a week under a stale

By singing Psalms . . . are fain

To turn... teachers and prophets."-City Match (II., i.) And Nashe, The Unfortunate Traveller (Grosart, V., 59), 1594: "Heare what it is to be Anabaptists, to bee puritans

And

counted illuminate botchers for a while." A botcher was a tailor. BOY OF SIX-(V., i. 24): this prodigy is referred to again in Beaum. and Fletch., Knt. of Burning Pestle (III., ii.). compare Shakspeare's Henry VIII. (V., iv., 34). BRACH-(I., i., III): "A Brache is a mannerly name for all Hound-Bitches."-N. Cox, Gentleman's Recreation (p. 22). BUFO-(II., i., 660): Latin, 'a toad.' See before in the same scene, "Your toad, your crow, your dragon and your panther (1. 404). Gifford interprets it the 'black tincture.' Perhaps prepared from the Bufonite, or Toad-stone, to which many fanciful virtues were ascribed.

BUZ-(I.. i., 369): this word, as well as HUM, was used by persons connected with the 'black art' in their invocations, and it was also supposed to be the language of fairies and spirits themselves. The satyrs, in Jonson's Masque of Oberon, sing "hum, quoth the blue-fly; buz, quoth the bee. They both hum and buz, and so do we." When Fitzdottrel is possessed (The Devil is an Ass, V., v.) he says 'buz' several times, and also 'hum.' Gifford quotes a passage from Selden (vol. iii., p. 2077), showing that the word 'buz' was used in invocations. Chapman gives the word to sylvans in the Gentleman Usher. See HUM.

CALCE, CALX-(II., i., 274, 614): to 'calcine' is to reduce a metal to an oxide by the action of heat. What is now called an oxide was formerly called a metallic calx.-Skeat's Chaucer. CALCINATION (II., i., 602): was one of the twelve gates or processes.— See Ripley.

CALF WITH FIVE LEGS-(V., i., 8): monsters were in great demand. Jonson mentions a "bull with five legs," Bart. Fair (III., i.); and in Beaumont and Fletcher's Wit Without Money (II., 4; Dyce, IV., 127) the expression "as wonderful as calves with five legs

Occurs.

CALVERED (II., i., 184): an elaborate process of cooking fish formerly in use. It is described by Izaak Walton, and mentioned in Massinger's Maid of Honour (III., i.).

CAMEL'S HEELS (II., i., 179): “a portion of 'Apicius' diet against the epilepsy." From Lampridius' Life of Heliogabalus. CANDLE, POESIES OF THE (V., iii., 373): see POESIES. Candour (V., iii., 484): honour, fair reputation. A sense used also by Massinger: "Dispensing with my dignity and candour." Guardian (III., i.); and again in his Parliament of Love (IV., iii.). The present is the earliest example quoted in the N.E.D. in this sense (stainlessness of character'). It is a derivative of the earlier use, 'whiteness,' 'brilliancy.'

CARPS' TONGUES—(II., i., 179): considered a great delicacy. Izaak Walton says: "it is certain they are choicely." See Compleat Angler, Chap. 19. Massinger mentions them (City Madam, II., i.) as made into pies.

CART-See RIDE.

CASTING FIGURES (IV., iv., 611; Argt., 1. 10): plotting horoscopes or nativities.

CAUL -(I., i., 327): to be born with a caul on one's head was held fortunate. The caul itself is still prized by seamen against drowning, and occasionally advertised for five pounds. Sir

Thomas Brown calls it "the involution, or membranous covering commonly called the silly-how." See his remarks on this 'continued superstition'-Vulgar Errors (Bk. V., Chap. 22). CEDAR-BOARD (II., i., 87): "For although the worme entreth almost into every wood, yet he eateth not the cedar-tree." -Lyly's Euphues, p. 73 (Rep. Arber), 1579. See also Dictionarium Rusticum et Urbanicum (1704).

CERATION (II., i., 602): reducing to the consistency of wax. See INCERATION.

CHEESE (II., i., 750; III., ii., 343): 'breeds melancholy.'

So

Burton, "Milk and all that comes of milk, as butter and cheese, curds, etc., increase melancholy (whey only excepted, which is most wholesome).”—Anat. of Melancholy, I., ii., 2, 1 (1621). CHIAUS―(I., i., 225, 234): Gifford gives a circumstantial account of a 'chiaus' (Turkish envoy) who 'levanted' with money from English agents in 1609. He says "The frequent use of the word at this period is owing to the knavery of Sir Robert Shirley's chiaus." Hence Gifford derives 'chouse,' but Gifford's note must be taken (like his frequent') with reserve. See N.E.D. under Chouse. Shirley uses the term in the same sense in Honoria and Mammon (ante 1659); and spelt as now it occurs in Head's English Rogue, "when the time comes for payment he may be choused and cheated of all."-Rept. II., 193 (1664). Jonson's use in this sense is the earliest, but the derivation his spelling assigns is doubted.

CHIBRIT (II., i., 406): sulphur.

"Abric, kibrit, chybur, est sulphur."--Lexicon Chymicum, per Gulielmum Jonsonum Chymicum (1652). See also Howell's Vocabulary (1659). N.E.D. has no examples of kibrit earlier than 1700.

CHINA-HOUSES (IV., ii., 400): shops for the sale of china came into existence about this time, and, like the Exchange, were favourite places for assignations. This is noticed by our

author earlier (Epicæne, IV., ii.). The same fashion is referred to in Wycherley's Country Wife, IV., iii. (1675). China dishes' have an early mention (1603) in Measure for Measure. But there is a still earlier one (1600), in T. Weelkes' Madrigals of Six Parts-"The Andalusian Merchant that returns Laden with cochineal and china dishes." Bullen gives the song in his More Lyrics, etc. I have nowhere met so early a reference, however, as the following: "They have in this port of Nauidad ordinarily their ships which goe to the islands of China which are certain Islands which they have found within these seven yeeres [1565]. They have brought from thence gold, and much cinamom, and dishes of earth, and cups of the same, so fine, that every man that may have a piece of them will give the weight of silver for it."-Henry Hawke's Travels in Mexico (1572).

CHRIST-TIDE (III., ii., 92): puritans avoided the Popish word 'mass' with horror. So Nativity pie' stands for Christmas

pie in The Fox (I., i.).

CHRYSOPŒIA—(II., i., 593): “Chrysopaa, the art of making gold." -Phillips' New World of Words (1678). Compare French Chrysopée (the art of turning other metals into gold).

CHRYSOSPERME (II., i., 400): seed of gold, literally. These two alchemical terms are given in the New English Dictionary with present references only. It was a maxim with the searchers after the stone that "The seed of gold is lodged in all metals " (Salmon's Polygraphices.)

CIBATION—(I., i., 151): the seventh process.

Feeding the matter in preparation with fresh substances, to supply waste from evaporation, etc. See under RIPLEY.

Cinoper—(I., i., 451): an obsolete form of 'cinnabar.' It is spelt 'sinoper' in Bullokar's English Expositor (1616).

CITRONISE (III., ii. 178): to bring to the colour of citron, a

stage in the process towards producing the stone. Citrination,

this stage of the process, is mentioned by Chaucer.

CLAP (IV., iv., 567): a flaw in reputation. Used similarly in the Magnetic Lady (IV., i.).

CLEAN LINEN (I., i., 374; III., ii., 433): fairies' love of clean shirts and clean linen in general is well known. So Middleton, "Put me on a pure clean shirt, leave off your doublet (for spirits endure nothing polluted)."—Family of Love (II., iv.). COCKSCOMB (I., i., 115): metaphorical for halter. Alluded to again (IV., iv., 659; and II., i., 278) in a mocking sense. COHOBATION-(II., i., 602): "a term in Chymistry, which signifies a pouring off the distilled liquor on its faces, and distilling it again."-Phillips' New World of Words (1678).

COITUM (IV., iv., 585): compare Chapman, "As pensive as stallion after coitum."-Revenge for Honour (I., i.). The word is misprinted (as many others are) in Pearson's wretched edition (III., 294). Fletcher has the same ungraceful simile. COLOUR―(III., ii., 228): plot, plan, semblance. COMMODITY (II., i., 14; III., ii., 385, 390): moneylenders used to insist on their clients receiving a portion of the loan in goods (commodity) to make what they could out of them, a method which was full of fraud, and is constantly referred to. Brown paper was a frequent commodity. See Hall's Satires, IV., v. (1597) and Gascoyn's Steel Glas.

COOKS' STALL (and 'YOUR MEAL OF STEAM)-I., i., 26: compare Rabelais, (III., 37).

COP-(II., i., 702): a conical point or summit. The ancient French mode of wearing a hood. Jonson uses the word, referring to a hill in The Forest.