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What is meant by the conjugation of a verb? What is another name for conjugation? What are the principal parts of a verb? What is a defective verb? What is a regular verb? What is an irregular verb?

Exercise. In the following paragraphs select the verbs and tell the kind, voice, mode, tense, person, number of each.

1. A corporal in the Life Guards of Frederick the Great was a brave but rather a vain fellow. He could not afford a watch, but he managed to buy a chain, and this he wore with a bullet at the end. The king, hearing of this, thought he would have a little fun at the soldier's expense. He said to him, "It is six o'clock by my watch. What is it by yours?" The man drew the bullet from his pocket and answered, "My watch does not mark the hour, but it tells me every moment that it is my duty to face death for your Majesty." Here, my friend," said Frederick, offering him his own costly watch, "take this, that you may be able to tell the hours also."

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2. "The relations of the Southern people with the negro are close and cordial. We remember with what fidelity for four years he guarded our defenseless women and children, whose husbands and fathers were fighting against his freedom. To his eternal credit be it said that whenever he struck a blow for his own liberty, he fought in open battle, and when at last he raised his black and humble hands that the shackles might be struck off, those hands were innocent of wrong against his helpless charges and worthy to be taken in loving grasp by every man who honors loyalty and devotion. Ruffians have maltreated him, rascals have misled him, philanthropists established a bank for him,

but the South, with the North, protests against injustice to this simple and sincere people."- HENRY GRADY.

3. "The children of the village loved him. He made their playthings; taught them to fly kites and shoot marbles; and told them about ghosts, witches, and Indians. Whenever he went dodging about the village, he was surrounded by a troop of them, hanging on his skirts, clambering on his back, and playing a thousand tricks on him; and not a dog would bark at him throughout the neighborhood.

"His fences were constantly falling to pieces; his cow would either go astray, or get among the cabbages; weeds were sure to grow quicker in his field than anywhere else; and the rain always set in just as he had some outdoor work to do.

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'He would sit on a wet rock and fish all day without a murmur, even though he should not be encouraged by a single nibble. He would carry a gun on his shoulders for hours together, trudging through woods and swamps, and up hill and down dale, to shoot a few squirrels and wild pigeons. WASHINGTON IRVING.

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1. Whether it is regular or irregular.

2. Whether it is transitive or intransitive.

3. Its principal parts.

4. Its voice, mode, tense, person, and number. 5. Its construction or agreement.

Let us parse the verbs in the following sentence:

Make hay while the sun shines.

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Make is an irregular, transitive verb. Principal parts — make, made, made. Active voice, imperative mode, present tense, second person, singular or plural number. It agrees with its subject you understood. (See page 143.) RULE. A verb must agree with its subject in person and in number.

shine,

Shines is an irregular, intransitive verb. Principal parts shone, shone. Active voice, indicative mode, present tense, third per

son, singular number. It agrees with its subject sun. RULE. — A verb must agree with its subject in person and in number.

He who speaks kindly will be loved.

Speaks is an irregular, intransitive verb. Principal parts— speak, spoke, spoken. Active voice, indicative mode, present tense, third person, singular number. It agrees with its subject who. RULE. verb must agree with its subject in person and in number.

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Will be loved is a regular, transitive verb. Principal parts - love, loved, loved. Passive voice, indicative mode, future tense, third person, singular number. Agrees with its subject he. RULE. A verb must agree with its subject in person and in number.

Exercise.

Parse the verbs in the following sentences:

1. We love those who love us.

2. All this could have been given to the poor.

3. It might have been otherwise, if you had been there.

4. Give us this day our daily bread.

5. One shall be taken, the other shall be left.

6. Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself.

7. They could have been heard, if the crowd had kept still.

8. Render unto Cæsar the things that are Cæsar's.

9. To live in the hearts we leave behind is not to die.

10. Know then thyself, presume not God to scan.

11. Who will stay the coming of Philip if Athenians abandon Greece? 12. Know how sublime a thing it is, to suffer and be strong.

13. It could not have been done better by any one.

14. He who does the best he can does well.

15. You may break, you may shatter the vase if you will.

16. He must have been angry to have said such things.

17. I will not let thee go, except thou bless me.

18. Remember the Sabbath day, to keep it holy.

19. I have come to hear you preach.

20. He who cannot rule himself, shall not rule others.

21. In him we live and move and have our being.

22. I came, I saw, I conquered.

23. The floods came, and the winds blew, but it fell not.

24. The saddest are these, it might have been.

25. He who fights and runs away, shall live to fight another day.

LESSON 102. — EXERCISES ON THE USE OF VERBS

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Exercise 1. Complete these sentences, using has or have:

some marbles.

1. The boys

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Exercise 3. - Fill the blanks in these sentences with proper forms of the verb to be:

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Avoid using constructions in which the subject requires different forms of the verb to be, as, Either you or I am mistaken. It is better to say, Either you are mistaken or I am. Exercise 4. Change these sentences to better form:

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1. Either you or I am going.

2. Neither he nor I am at home.

3. You or Henry is obliged to go.

4. James or I is going.

5. Are you or I invited?

6. My brother or I is certain to be on hand.

7. Neither he nor you was expected.

8. You or she is talking aloud.

9. Was he or they at home when you called? 10. Are you or she going with me?

When will is used in the first person, it expresses the determination or the will of the speaker. I will go means I am determined to go. When shall is used in the second or third person, it expresses a promise, command, or threat. Thou shalt not steal is a command.

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