4. Clauses used as adverbs are called adverbial clauses. shall go where I like. He spoke as no other had spoken. 5. The infinitive form of the verb may be used adverbially. Fools who came to scoff remained to pray. 6. The present participial form may be used as an adverb. The day was freezing cold. NOTE. Even the article the may be used adverbially, as in such sentences as, "The more the merrier," "The higher we went the colder it became." Exercise 1.- In the following sentences find all words, or combinations of words, that are used as adverbs: 1. He was a low browed villain. 2. The more she sobbed, the worse he grew. 3. No one can always do as he pleases. 4. The old man wore gold rimmed spectacles. 5. Ordinarily, they walked slowly arm in arm. 6. In general one should sleep peacefully for eight hours. 8. I hope to meet my pilot face to face. 9. A nickel plated bathtub is quite expensive. 10. I shall go when I like and do as I please. 11. Speak with distinctness and with accuracy. 12. He who lives in a glass house should not throw stones. Exercise 2. -Write sentences containing a noun used as an adverb; several words used as one adverb; a phrase used as an adverb: a clause used as an adverb; an infinitive used as an adverb; a participial form used as an adverb; the article the used as an adverb. LESSON 110. WORDS THAT MODIFY THE PREDICATE The predicate verb in a sentence may be modified by:1. An adverb. We drove slowly through the town. 2. An adverbial objective. They staid an hour. 3. An infinitive. The men came to work. 4. A phrase. They live beyond the meadow. 5. A clause. We remained where we were. Any word or combination of words that modifies the verb in a sentence performs the office of an adverb. Exercise. In the following sentences name the words that modify the verb and perform the office of adverbs: 1. We rode carefully up the mountains on horseback. 2. The ice cutters work steadily all winter on the frozen rivers. 3. The orator spoke many times of the wrongs we endured. 4. The nightingale sings sweetly all night in the Southern woods. 5. The workmen came wearily in the house to eat. 6. Let us stay in the place where we are told. 7. The operatives rise at six o'clock to work in the mills. 8. Painfully and tearfully he toiled day and night at his task. 9. Consider carefully before you decide upon anything. 10. I stood on the bridge at midnight, as the clock was striking the hour. 11. His face was almost hidden by a broad straw hat. 12. The doctor spoke firmly about the importance of medicine. 13. Milton wrote sublimely about the glories of Paradise. 14. The lowing herd winds slowly o'er the lea. 15. Brightly shone the sun on forest and plain. 16. One by one in the infinite meadows of heaven blossom the lovely stars. LESSON 111.—THE PROPER USE OF ADVERBS We should keep clearly in mind that an adjective should be used only with a noun or a pronoun, and an adverb should be used with a verb, an adjective, or another ad verb. It is incorrect to say: He spoke very kind to me, She sang very sweet. In such sentences we should use kindly and sweetly. Exercise 1. Fill the blanks in the following sentences with adverbs: Sometimes an adjective is used as an adverb without changing its form. Custom determines this use, and it is impossible to give any rules for its observance. Such sentences as the following are correct: 1. It rained hard all night. 2. The band played very loud. 4. Let everybody sit still for a moment. After such words as seem, look, feel, taste, smell, grow, look, turn, and a few others, an adjective should be used instead of an adverb when the subject is described. Such verbs are then equivalent to the verb be in some of its forms. To say I feel hot, is equivalent to saying I am hot. To say The queen looks beautiful, is equivalent to saying The queen is beautiful. These forms are correct: 1. The bride looked beautiful. 2. Sugar tastes sweet. 3. The general seemed angry. 8. We arrived safe and sound. 10. The autumn leaves turn brown. Exercise 2. Fill the blanks with appropriate adverbs or adjectives and state which you are using: 1. John played this afternoon. 2. I have 3. I feel 4. How finished my book. this morning. you look to-day! LESSON 112. — EXERCISES ON THE USE OF ADVERBS Exercise 1. - Fill each blank with an adverb of time : Exercise 2. Fill each blank with an adverb of place: Exercise 3. Fill each blank with an adverb of degree: The word not is a negative adverb. Two negatives should not be used to express a single negation. |