Exercise 2. Add compound subjects to these predicates:

LESSON 123.-SUBORDINATE CONJUNCTIONS
Let justice be done though the heavens fall.
Be silent that you may hear.

In the above sentences name the principal clauses. Name the dependent clauses. What words join the dependent clauses to the principal clauses? Words that join dependent clauses to principal clauses are called subordinate conjunctions.

A subordinate conjunction is one that connects a dependent clause to a principal clause.

The following words are subordinate conjunctions:

NOTE 1. The subordinate conjunctions express time, cause, condition, concession, purpose, result, or comparison. Sometimes when, while, where, etc., are called subordinate conjunctions, but when such a connective has an adverbial force there is no difference between it and the conjunctive adverb. In "He came as we were ready to go,” as might be classified either as a conjunctive adverb or as a subordinate conjunction.

NOTE 2. There are some conjunctions composed of several words. The following are the most important: as if, as well as, as though, except that, inasmuch as, in order that, provided that, so that.

Exercise 1. In the following sentences name the subordinate conjunctions:

1. After he came home we had dinner.

2. He did as I told him.

3. Angelo built St. Peter's although he was an old man.

4. Men do wrong because they want to.

5. The lights were turned on before the audience arrived.

6. Except ye repent, ye shall all likewise perish.

7. Will you come if I invite you?

8. Take heed lest ye fall.

9. I have not seen him since he was in New York.

10. He bought more food than he could eat.

11. I know that my Redeemer liveth.

12. Though he slay me, yet will I trust him.

13. How can you learn unless you listen?

14. The lights went out when the curfew rang.

15. I do not know whence he came or where he is going.
16. We bowed our heads while the prayer was said.

Exercise 2.-Complete these sentences, using subordi

nate conjunctions:

1. The soldiers saluted

2. He slept well

3. The singer sang

4. Do not come

5. Write me

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Exercise 3. Write a few sentences describing the appearance of the earth after a shower, using the following conjunctions: before, after, since, though, because, lest.

Exercise 4. Write sentences describing the following subjects. Use conjunctions in each sentence:

1. The ocean during a storm.

2. The rising of the sun.

3. The planting of a tree.

LESSON 124.-THE COMPOUND SENTENCE

Take care of the dimes. The dollars will take care of themselves.

Speech is silver. Silence is gold.

These sentences can be united by means of conjunctions:

Take care of the dimes and the dollars will take care of themselves. Speech is silver, but silence is gold.

Two or more independent simple sentences when united by means of a conjunction into one sentence form a compound sentence.

A compound sentence is one that contains two or more independent clauses.

The connectives used to make compound sentences are the coördinate conjunctions, and, but, for, because, etc. Sometimes the conjunction is omitted and a comma (,) is used instead.

The day is cold, the night is long.

Homer was the greater genius, Virgil the better artist.

Exercise 1.-Unite these sentences to make compound sentences:

1. Blessed are the merciful. They shall obtain mercy.

2. To err is human. To forgive is divine.

3. Prosperity gains friends. Adversity tries friends.
4. Fear God. Keep his commandments.

5. Man proposes. God disposes.

Exercise 2.-Separate these into simple sentences:

1. The sun sets, the moon appears, and the stars come out.
2. The birds have come and the flowers are in bloom.
3. We have no money, therefore we can buy no food.
4. The men must work or they will not be paid.

5. The hat must be ready, for I have promised. 6. Some came to scoff, but others came to pray. 7. Be good because that is the only sure way.

8. And the rain descended, and the floods came, and the winds blew, and beat upon that house; and it fell not; for it was founded on a rock.

In forming compound sentences one must be sure that the parts are logically related. Such sentences as the following are not properly constructed :

1. I am an early riser, but my wife is a Presbyterian.

2. It rained in London and we keep a cow.

3. My dog will bite and your hat was crooked.

Exercise 3. Form compound sentences by adding another thought to the following:

Exercise 4.

Reconstruct this paragraph by combining

the statements and rearranging the sentences:

I was a child. I was seven years old. It was a holiday. My friends filled my pocket with coppers. I went directly to a shop. They sold toys for children. I met a boy on the way. He had a whistle. I was charmed with the sound of it. I offered him all my money for one. I then came home. I went whistling all over the house. I was much pleased with my whistle. I disturbed all the

family. My sisters and brothers understood the bargain I had made. They told me I had given four times as much for it as it was worth. That put me in mind what good things I might have bought. They laughed at me for my folly. I cried with vexation. The reflection gave me much chagrin. The whistle gave me no pleasure.

Exercise 5.- Reconstruct this paragraph by reducing it to proper sentences:

All day the fog had been gathering, and the fog horn began to sound as the night came on but no one on board thought of danger, and we returned to our rooms to find what sleep we could though it was very hard to sleep with the doleful note of the fog horn every few minutes, when about midnight there was a sudden shock and quiver throughout the whole boat and a cry of "The ship has struck a rock" made every heart stand still, and everybody leap to his feet and into his clothes as quickly as he could, while the sailors made the lifeboats ready and we rushed on board to find the ship tossing and the water coming in on one side, but the captain said land was near by, and so we staid up all night and tried to comfort each other until day broke and the fog lifted a little but when the sun rose we saw that land was close by and so we were placed in the lifeboats and were brought to land glad enough to escape from so great a danger.

LESSON 125. CORRELATIVE CONJUNCTIONS

Both Lincoln and Davis were great men.
Not only the man but also the officers suffered.
It will either rain or snow to-day.

Give me neither poverty nor riches.

In these sentences you will notice that the conjunctions are used in pairs, as, both . . . and; not only . . . but also; either nor. Conjunctions used in

or; neither

this way are called correlative conjunctions.

Correlative conjunctions are conjunctions used in pairs, to express related ideas.

EVANS'S ELE. ENG. GRAM. 15