9. The first word of a direct quotation should begin with a capital letter.

They replied, "We are ready to go."

10. Names of things personified should begin with capital letters.

"O Sleep, O gentle Sleep,

Nature's soft nurse! how have I frighted thee?"

11. The name of a religious or political body should begin with a capital letter.

The Methodists; the Baptists; the Republican party; the Democrats; the Whigs; the leader of the People's party.

12. The pronoun I and the interjection O should always be written with a capital letter.

I said, "O, my poor boy."

Exercise. In the following sentences tell why the words with capital letters are so written:

1. Do you live in Boston? No, I live in New York.
2. I saw James in Washington last Wednesday.
3. In July or August Doctor Brown will go North.
4. The Asylum for the Blind was burned on Friday.
5. From Brooklyn Bridge I went to Union Square.
6. O, you saw Niagara Falls? So did I.

7. Was Professor Dana with Colonel Bowen at the time?

8. The Queen of Holland is descended from William the Silent. 9. The good Doctor Jones lives on Peters Street near the Park.

10. Our Father who art in Heaven, hallowed be Thy name.

11. Though He slay me, yet will I trust Him.

12. The North American Indians astonished the Spanish. 13. Have you studied your French and your German?

14. Everybody cried, "Let us go at once."

15. "Come, gentle Spring! Ethereal Mildness! come." 16. Are you a Democrat or a Republican?

1. The period is used at the end of most declarative and imperative sentences.

The elephant is a large animal.

Go to the ant, thou sluggard.

2. The period is used at the end of every abbreviated word, such as Mr., Col., Gen., Dr., Prof., Mrs., Rev.

Mr. and Mrs. Bell are related to Dr. Colburn.

3. The interrogation point is used after most interrogative sentences.

Have you read the "Pilgrim's Progress"?

4. The exclamation point is used after exclamatory words, phrases, clauses, or sentences.

What a curious thing that is!

5. The exclamation point is used after declarative, imperative, and interrogative sentences, when we wish to express strong emotion.

War is upon us!

Sing on, blithe bird!

Where, oh, where are the visions of morning!

6. The comma is used to separate the person or thing spoken to from the rest of the sentence.

John, open the door.

Ring out, wild bells, to the wild sky!

7. The comma is used to separate words or clauses used

in series.

The big, noble, generous heart was still.

Dear, patient, gentle Nell was dead.

The boy recites well, behaves properly, and obeys his teachers. 8. Some relative clauses are set off by commas.

Frank Smith, who is my cousin, will visit me soon.

9. The comma is often used to separate a word or a phrase in apposition.

Webster, the great orator, was from Massachusetts.

10. The comma is used to separate a word or a phrase introduced between closely related parts of a sentence. The soldiers, however, were not discouraged. Sailors, in spite of danger, climb the rigging.

11. The comma is often used to separate the members of a compound sentence.

The cold winds blew, and the waves dashed high.

The police ran rapidly, but the thief escaped.

12. The comma is used to indicate the omission of a conjunction.

The sun, the stars, the earth, all move.

Love beareth, believeth, hopeth, all things.

13. The comma is used to separate a subordinate clause introducing the sentence.

When I was a child, I thought as a child.

While the band played, the soldiers marched.

14. The comma is often used to separate a participial phrase.

The horse, pricking up his ears, neighed loudly.

The volcano, smoking furiously, frightened the people.

15. The comma is used before a short direct quotation: God said, "Let there be light."

3. Gen and Mrs Wood came to see Prof Wilcox but he was not at home

4. My what a big boy you are

5. What a fine sermon Rev Dr White preached to-day

6. Lift up your heads O ye gates

7. Drink pretty creature drink

8. A great big ugly venomous toad was in the path

9. Soldiers should ride well obey promptly and be brave 10. The lady with the veil over her face is Mrs Smith

11. Edison the inventor is deaf

12. Toward evening however the wind fell

13. The engineer not seeing the danger ran into the wreck

14. The rain fell heavily the river rose and the farms were covered

Exercise 2.-Copy this paragraph, and punctuate it properly:

The December sun shone clear and cold upon the city it shone upon the rich and the poor alike it shone into the homes of the wealthy on the avenues and in the up town street and into courts and alleys hedged in by towering tenements down town it shone upon throngs of busy holiday shoppers that went in and out of the great stores carrying bundles big and small all alike filled with Christmas cheer and kindly messages from Santa Claus

LESSON 132.-MORE ABOUT PUNCTUATION MARKS

1. The semicolon separates the parts of a compound sentence that are not very closely related.

The Indians gather about the fire; the medicine men chant their songs; the braves dance furiously.

2. The semicolon is used to separate the members of a compound sentence when any member contains words or clauses separated by commas.

Now abideth faith, hope, and charity; but the greatest of these is charity.

3. The semicolon is used to separate the members of a compound sentence when a contrast or inference is made.

Cleon hath a thousand acres; ne'er a one have I.

Susan likes candy; I like cake.

It rained hard; therefore the ground was wet.

4. The semicolon is used before as, namely (see 6) in sentences that give examples or particulars.

A noun is a name; as, John, James, Mary.

Man has nine servants; namely, two eyes, two hands, two feet, two ears, one tongue.

5. The colon is used to introduce a long direct quotation.

Brutus ascended the pulpit and said: "Be patient till the last. Romans, countrymen, and lovers, hear me for my cause, and be silent that you may hear; believe me for mine honor, and have respect to mine honor that you may believe; censure me in your wisdom, and awake your senses that you may the better judge.”

6. The colon is used after such words as thus, as follows, etc.

The Indian spoke thus: "We will not sell the land."

The parade will form as follows: the carriages in front, the horsemen next, the citizens on foot.

7. The colon is sometimes used in place of a conjunction. Study your lessons: that is the way to learn.

Be polite to everybody: it is the proper policy.

8. The parentheses, brackets, and dashes are used to inclose or separate parts of a sentence that are not necessary to the sense, but are put in by way of explanation or side remark.

Know thou this truth (enough for man to know).

George Washington was in command [see Chap. I].
Lord Marmion turned - well was his need-.