that show what is acted upon and are the objects of verbs are said to be in the objective case.

In the second sentence the word trees is not acted upon by the verb fall. The word trees shows from what the leaves fall. Therefore trees is not the object of the verb, but is the object of the preposition from. Nouns that depend upon prepositions are also said to be in the objective

case.

A noun or a pronoun that is the object of a verb or of a preposition is in the objective case.

Exercise 1. Name the nouns and pronouns in these sentences that are in the objective case. Of what is each the object?

1. The sun gives heat to the earth.

2. The earth produces food and clothing for man.

3. Napoleon fought many battles in Europe.

4. The soldiers pursued the Indians and captured them.

5. She lifted the cup to her lips and drank the poison.

6. The storm beat the oak, but did not break it.

7. Deliver us from evil.

8. What books have you read?

9. I have read the poems of Longfellow.

10. Did you see me in town yesterday?

11. Remember now thy Creator in the days of thy youth.
12. The children saw the deer in the park.

Exercise 2. Make sentences, using each of the follow

Exercise 3. Make sentences, using each of the follow

RULE.—The object of a verb or of a preposition is in the objective

case.

LESSON 42.-MORE ABOUT THE OBJECTIVE CASE

A noun may also be in the objective case:

1. When it is the indirect object of the verb, indicating to or for what or whom the thing is done.

He gave John a horse.

We bought Sarah a hat.

I wrote the master a note.
She bought George a cup.

2. When it is used as an adverb to modify the verb in It is then called an adverbial object.

the sentence.

He lived three years longer.
Many times have I prayed.

NOTE.

He ran six miles.

They labored the whole day.

Nouns used as the indirect object or adverbially may also be explained as governed by a preposition understood. The sentence, They offered Cæsar a crown, is the same as They offered (to) Cæsar a crown. The sentence, He hunted many days, is the same as He hunted (for) many days.

Exercise 1. Name all the nouns in the objective case and tell how each is governed:

1. I gave John the money.

2. Give us our daily bread.
3. I paid the man five dollars.

4. He staid ten years in Rome.

5. The soldiers marched three days and nights.

6. Our guest staid a week.

7. He could not move an inch.

8. He told me the story many times. 9. He was in prison seven long years. 10. They left this morning.

11. I wrote my father a letter.

12. I am six feet tall.

13. I weigh two hundred pounds.

14. I can walk ten miles a day.

15. He shot the bear three times through the body.

Exercise 2.-Complete these sentences by adding an adverbial objective:

Exercise 3. Fill the blanks in these sentences with indirect objects of the verb:

12. If you do — a kindness, he will not forget it.

the presidency.

LESSON 43. - NOUNS IN APPOSITION

Mr. Jones, the tailor, has moved his store.

In this sentence the word tailor is used to explain which Mr. Jones is meant, and is said to be in apposition with, and have the same case as, the noun, Mr. Jones, which it explains.

A noun is in apposition with another noun when it is used to explain or add to the meaning of it.

1. A noun may be in apposition with the subject of a verb. It is then in the nominative case.

Webster, the statesman, was also a lawyer.

The church, a noble building, stood on the corner.

2. A noun may be in apposition with a possessive noun. The poet Byron's death occurred in Greece.

Prescott the blind historian's writings are interesting.

3. A noun may be in apposition with the object of a verb or of a preposition.

He saw General Grant, the great leader.

Out of this nettle, danger, we pluck this flower, safety.

Exercise 1.

Name the nouns in apposition with other nouns and tell their case:

1. Socrates, the ancient philosopher, lived in Athens, Greece. 2. Longfellow, the poet, was born in Portland, Maine.

3. Tired Nature's sweet restorer, balmy sleep!

4. My friend, the colonel, was there.

5. The life of Raphael, the artist, was short.

6. The village, an old desolate town, was passed by.

7. The master's rod, an old cane, hung over the desk.

8. Have you read Scott's poem, "Marmion "?

9. And Nature, the old nurse, took the child upon her knee.

10. This blessed plot, this earth, this realm, this England, is now

leased out.

5. The Mississippi River was discovered by De Soto.

6. My daughter plays the piano.

Exercise 3.Write sentences, using each of the following words with some other word or words in apposition to it; as, Mr. Smith, the grocer, lives on M. Street:

In the following paragraphs name the nouns and tell the gender, number, person, and case of each:

1. A farmer who had several quarrelsome sons tried in vain to teach them to live in peace and unity. One day he called them together and asked them to break a number of sticks that were bound closely together in a bundle. Each son tried in vain to break the bundle. The father then untied it and gave each son a stick to break. This was done with ease. Now the father said: "Thus, my sons, you are, when united, a match for all your enemies; but when