you separate and quarrel you are easily beaten. In union there is strength." 2. One day a dog was carrying home a piece of meat in his mouth. On his way he had to cross a plank lying across a smooth brook. By chance he looked into the brook, and saw there what he took to be another dog with another piece of meat. He made up his mind to have that also, and snapped at the shadow in the water; but when he opened his jaws, the piece of meat which he had in his mouth fell out and sank into the brook. 3. "But what chiefly characterized the colonists was their veneration for the Maypole. It has made their true history a poet's tale. Spring decked the hallowed emblem with young blossoms and fresh green boughs; summer brought roses of the deepest blush and the perfected foliage of the forest; autumn enriched it with that red and yellow gorgeousness which converts each wild-wood leaf into a painted flower; and winter silvered it with sleet, and hung it round with icicles, till it flashed in the cold sunshine, itself a frozen sunbeam.” HAWTHORNE. 4. "The door of Scrooge's counting house was open, that he might keep his eye upon his clerk, who, in a dismal little cell beyond, a sort of tank, was copying letters. Scrooge had a very small fire, but the clerk's fire was so very much smaller that it looked like one coal. But he couldn't replenish it, for Scrooge kept the coal box in his own room; and so surely as the clerk came in with the shovel the master predicted that it would be necessary for them to part. Wherefore the clerk put on his white comforter, and tried to warm himself at the candle; in which effort, not being a man of strong imagination, he failed." - CHARLES DICKENS. 5. "The new South is enamored of her new work. Her soul is stirred with the breath of a new life. The light of a grander day is falling fair on her face. She is thrilling with the consciousness of growing power and prosperity. As she stands upright, full statured and equal among the people of the earth, breathing the keen air and looking out upon the expanded horizon, she understands that her emancipation came because through the inscrutable wisdom of God her honest purpose was crossed and her brave armies were beaten." - HENRY W. GRADY. LESSON 45.-PARSING NOUNS To parse a word we must tell all about it, its kind, its characteristics, and its relations, according to its use in the sentence. To parse a noun we must tell 1. Its kind-whether common or proper. 2. Its gender-whether masculine or feminine. 3. Its number — whether singular or plural. 4. Its person whether first, second, or third. 5. Its case-whether nominative, possessive, or objective. 6. The word upon which it depends. 7. The rule that applies to its case. Let us parse the nouns in this sentence: John obeys his mother. John is a proper noun, masculine gender, singular number, third person, nominative case, subject of the verb obeys. RULE. - The subject of a verb is in the nominative case. Mother is a common noun, feminine gender, singular number, third person, objective case, object of the verb obeys. RULE. - The object of a verb or of a preposition is in the objective case. Let us parse the nouns in this sentence: Paul's father, an old man, is quite ill. Paul's is a proper noun, masculine gender, singular number, third person, possessive case, belongs to father. RULE. - A noun that indicates belonging to and is written with an apostrophe s is in the possessive case. Father is a common noun, masculine gender, singular number, third person, nominative case, subject of is. RULE. The subject of a verb is in the nominative case. Man is a common noun, masculine gender, singular number, third person, nominative case, in apposition with father. RULE. — Nouns in apposition agree in case. Exercise. Parse the nouns in these sentences: 1. Necessity is the mother of invention. 2. To God, thy country, and thy friend be true. 3. Flowers are God's thoughts of beauty. 4. The narrow soul knows not the joy of forgiving. 5. Oh, Liberty, how many crimes are committed in thy name! 6. Every man's life is a plan of God. 7. Hail! holy light, offspring of heaven, first born. 8. Mary, Queen of Scots, was beheaded. 9. And Simon, he surnamed Peter. 10. Thou art Freedom's now and Fame's. 11. We ascended Vesuvius, the pride and terror of Italy. 12. I, Paul, the Apostle, write this to Timothy. 13. The sun having risen, the travelers went their way. 14. Love keeps out the cold better than a cloak. 15. The love of money is the root of all evil. 16. To Napoleon there are no Alps. 17. The last analysis of liberty is the blood of the brave. 21. Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears. 23. A kiss from my mother made me a painter. 24. A man's best friends are his ten fingers. 25. The early morning hath gold in its mouth. 26. We live in deeds, not years; in thoughts, not breaths. 27. Shakespeare was called the myriad-minded poet. 28. Brutus was the noblest Roman of them all. LESSON 46. — EXERCISES ON NOUNS Exercise 1.— Give a proper noun corresponding to each Exercise 2. Give a common noun that belongs to each of the following proper nouns; as, London, city. Exercise 3. Of what gender is each of the following Exercise 4. Give the plurals of the following words. The child's name The Frenchman's speech The chimney's hearth The fish's fin The calf's leg The courtyard's crowd The deer's track Exercise 6. Make sentences, using the following nouns and pronouns in the first person: John, we, me, George, I, us, Thomas, Susan. Use the following nouns and pronouns in the second person: George, Joseph, you, your, William, Miss Brown, sir. Use the following nouns and pronouns in the third person: He, they, them, George, Jones, Sara, Dr. Thomas. Exercise 7. Supply nominative cases for each of these sentences: |