8 opening dawn, and thus at the close of lowances for the humours of his fellow O lute! whofe foft-enraptur'd fwell Could wake my foul to thoughts of joy, While on thy ftrains I lov'd to dwell, Could bid each thought of forrow fly Olute! whofe ftrings difcourfing love, Oft trembled to Alonzo's voice; Once skill'd my virgin heart to move, Or bid the longing bride rejoice Oh lute! fole relic of my lord, Low mould'ring, by an early doom; For his dear fake rever'd, ador'd, O fpeak my forrows o'er his tomb. Thy ftrings, familiar to his ear O let them footh his hovering fhade, Tho' often, chok'd by many a tear, Sad on this tongue the wild notes fade. O ftill, while life is Laura's doom, Who lov'd fo true, but lov'd in vain. And when, pale, drooping o'er thy Wafting in ceafelefs fighs away, Still fhall this faint convulfive hand, With its laft motion, feebly move The murmuring ftring, at whofe com mand Once waked the throb of mutual love. Alonzo's fhade the warning note fhall hear, Alonzo's fhade again to joy fhall And meet my mounting spirit on the creatures; bears with their infirmities; and is applauded without being envied. On the contrary, the wit, full of himself, facrifices to his felf-love, that of mankind, and is in a state of hoftility with the world. The man of fenfe by making good order and decency the rule of his actions, acquires, as he merits, univerfal refpect; the wit imagines himfelf to be a privileged perfon, al-. lowed to difpenfe, not only with the effence, but the common forms of goodbreeding, and meets with his deferts in an almost general contempt. The former, always difcreet, even in his most facetious moments, is ftudious rather to be useful than to display the extent of his acquirements. The latter courts applaufe; as a profeffed wit, he is perpetually torturing his fancy to ftrike out fome fhort-lived fcintillation, and after all is ridiculed. The one is as unaffuming as the other is arrogant and of tentatious. The man of fenfe thinks. with judgment, and expreffes his fentiments with precifion; the wit overchar ges his difcourfe with ornament at the expence of the ideas. Sound fenfe is the object of the former; point is the fummum bonum of the latter. One charms with the whipt cream of pleafantry, and overlooks what is obnoxious to ill-natured cenfure; the other gives fcope to the malevolence of fatire, and breaks out into invective against defects that he is chargeable with himfelf. The man of fenfe is aware of the mutability of fortune; he is prepared against its viciffitudes, and meets them without fhrinking; your man of wit is often caft down by a trifling incident, and is unfheltered amidst the ftorm of adverfity. The former aims to excel in his profeffion, and makes duty a pleasure: the latter for the moft part facrifices duty to the means of amufement. To conclude, the man of fenfe obferves a jutt mean on all occafions, fedulous to avoid extremes; whilft the man of wit overleaps the line, and is ever running into Parallel of the Man of Wit, and the them. Maxims: 1 E Maxims: By Stanislaus, King of Po- foon after the difcovery of a paffage to land. WE ought to be more offended at exceffive praises than at invectives. Many would be more efteemed with a lefs profufenefs of their merit: it fhould be laid out by measure, and only when wanted. There is a dignity which, however exalted, of itself gives no rank; that refulting from the character of a good man. Shall we give over being virtuous to avoid the fneers and machinations of envy? What would become of the world fhould the fun withhold his beams that they might not dazzle weak eyes? In moft kinds of governments, man is made to conceive himself free, but really thackled. Efteem is more pleafing than friendfhip, and even than affection; it captivates the heart effectually, and never makes the objects ungrateful. Moft parfimonious people are very good natured, continually amaffing wealth for thofe who with them in the grave. Some authors labour and polish their compofitions to fuch a degree, that all they publifh is mere filings." There is in the world a tribunal more to be feared than thofe of civil authority. This is invifible, has neither officers, forms, nor enfigns; it is likewife univerfal and every where alike, and every one has a right to vote in it. In this court the flave fits in judgment on his mafter, and the fubject paffes fentence on his fovereign. It is compofed of ail good perfons, and they alone refpect it; as, on the other hand, it is only the moft hardened profligates who make light of its decrees. that country by the Cape of Good Hope, was defcended of a family which derived its origin from the natural children of the fovereigns of Portugal. He was born about the year 1452; and, in 1503, was fent by King Emanuel, together with his coufin Francis Albuquerque, to fupport the affairs of the Portuguefe on the Malabar coaft, where their ally, the king of Cochin, had been dethroned by one of the neighbouring princes. On his arrival, he not only reinftated the King of Cochin in his dominions, but even procured leave from him to erect a fortress in his territories; and after fome other tranfactions of lefs importance, fet fail again for Lifbon, to which he returned on the 17th of July, 1504. His coufin Francis Albuquerque is fuppofed to have perifhed in the waves; for no accounts were ever after heard of him, or of any of those who accompanied him. In 1507, Albuquerque was appointed Viceroy of India; and, in his way thither, he formed a refolution of attacking Ormus, an ifland fixteen miles in cir cumference, which is fituated in the mouth of the Perfian Gulph. After making fome refiftance, the inhabitants entered into a treaty with the Portuguese, the articles of which were, that " Zeifad, the fecond of that name, fovereign of Ormus, hould become tributary to Emanuel, and pay him yearly the fum of fifteen thousand ducats; that he fhould immediately depofit five thousand for the expences of the war; and that he should affign a place in the city which Albuquerque was to fix on, where the Portuguefe might build a fort." Two copies of thefe articles were engraved on plates of gold; one in the Perfian language, which was kept by the king, and the other in Arabic, which was to be fent to Emanuel. A difpute having afterwar is arifen between the Portugife and the people of Ormus, refpecting five deferters, whom the latter would not deliver up, Albuquerque made another attack upon it, during which he committed a picce of barbarity, which, certainly, cannot be juftified on any grounds whatever. Finding that the enemy were obftinate, and that the fiege proceeded flower than he withed, he refolved to ftarve them, by preventing a fupply of provisions from B b. July, being brought to the place. With this view approaching, and as the ftreets were nar he difpatched three of his fhips to inter- row, and the houfes extremely highcept all veffels coming to the fland; and The Portuguese, accordingly, remained feveral being taken, he ordered all the in the mofque till the next morning; captives to have their ears, nofes, and and as foon as day light appeared, comhands cut off; and in this manner he menced an attack on the town, which the fent them on fhore, defiring them to tell enemy quitted in the utmoft confternation. their countrymen, that he would ferve all Here Albuquerque fuffered himself to be others fo who might attempt to bring again hurried away by paffion, and com them provifions.-Three of his captains, mitted another barbarity like that at however, difgufted perhaps with his cru- Ormus; for he ordered all the prielty, deferted him, when he had almoft foners to have their nofes flitted, and accomplished the object of his wifhes, their ears cut off. He then fet fire to the and fet fail for India. Seeing his ftrength town and mofque, which was a moft thus fo much weakened that he could magnificent ftructure, and not profecute his plan with any hopes of burnt twenty-feven ships in the harlikewife fuccefs, he quitted the ifland, highly in- bour. cenfed that the victory fhould thus be fnatched from his hands,not by the bravery of the enemy, but the treachery of his own officers. After this difappointment, Albuquerque proceeded to an ifland named Queixcm, belonging to the kingdom of Ormus, and having attacked the town of Arbez, killed the governor, together with feveral of his foldiers, and plundered the place. Helikewife touched at anothertown in the ifland, named Homeal, which was defended by a ftrong garrifon. Here a fmart engagement enfued, which, at laft, ended in favour of the Portuguefe, who flaughtered great numbers of the inhabitants, and acquired a rich booty. He then directed his courfe for the ifland of Socotora, where the inhabitants fued for peace, which was granted them, on condition that they fupplied the Portuguese yearly with a certain number of fheep and oxen; and as foon as the feafon of the year would permit he proceeded to Calajate, in order to procure intelligence of what had been done at Ormus. Having failed into the harbour, the citizens, headed by the governor, endeavoured to hinder his men from landing; but being routed, after a flort confict, they took felter in a mofque not far from the fhore. The Portuguefe, however, followed them clofely, difoged them from their place of refuge, and would have entered the town immediately, had they not been recalled by Albuquoque, who was afraid that the enemy migh: deftroy his people by ftones and • doice as night was of which he battered for fome time. He next fteered for Ormus, the walls Here one of the chief men of the place, had received from Almeed, the viceroy named Coje Atar, fent him a letter he of India, informing him, carried on war againft Ormus, without "that he had the authority of the King of Portugal; that he himfelf was greatly displeased at the hoftilities committed againft that ifland; and that in order to convince the fovereign of Ormus of his fincerity, he, as Emanuel's reprefentative, was willing to enter into a treaty of peace and friendship with him." Though this letter gave great uneafinefs to Albuquerque, against the city, and did confiderable dahe, nevertheless, renewed his hoftilities mage alfo to fome other towns which belonged to it. He then failed towards the continent, where he burnt the town of Habande, whence the ifland was fupplied with water, and likewife filled wells with rubbith, fo as to render them unfit for ufe, as he thought this the moft effectual way of difirefling the people of Ormus. up the rather of a brave foldier than a man of After thefe exploits, which are thofe humanity, Albuquerque failed for India, and arrived at the the 3d of November 1508. In an export of Cananor on pedition againft Calicut foon after, he was feverely wounded firft in the left arm, and then in the neck, with an arrow, and was fo ftunned alfo with the blow of a ftone on his left breaft, that he dropped down in all appearance litelefs. Being carried to the fhore on his fhield he was thence conveyed to Cochin, where he remained fome time in a moft dangerous condition; but he at length recovered contrary to the expectations of all his phyficians. Albuquerque's firft enterprize of any importance in India was the conqueft of Goa, which afterwards became the centre of a part of the Portuguefe trade. It furrendered on the 15th of February, 15:0; and the citizens, when they fubmitted to the conquerors, fwore allegiance to their fovereign Emanuel. Here Albuquerque refolved to eftablifh his winter quarters: but while he was fetding the affairs of the place, fome of the Portuguefe nobility began to raife up diffentions against him. They privately condemned and ridiculed his conduct; reviled him in the moft fcurrilous language; and accufed him of expofing them to manifeft danger. The city, they faid, being large, and furrounded by fo many enemies, could not be defended; they had few troops, and at that feafon of the year could procure no reinforcements it was therefore their opinion, that the city ought to be abandoned; and that, in order to gratify the humour of one ambitious man, the Portuguese ought by no means to be given up to be flaughtered. By thefe and fuch like infinuati ons, a party, confifting of nine hundred, was formed against Albuquerque; but having heard that these malcontents were one night affembled in a certain houfe, he broke in upon them, feized the ringleaders, and threw them into prifon. On their acknowledging their fault, however, and promifing obedience in future, he reftored them to liberty: but he afterwards difmiffed fome of the moft mutinous, left their example fhould have a pernicious effect upon the reft of his troops. Finding the enemy become too powerful, Albuquerque, after fuftaining feveral fevere attacks, evacuated the city and fort of Goa, on the 30th of May, having been in poffeflion of it about three months and a half. In the month of November however, he again returned to attack it with a fleet of thirty-feven fhips, having on board fifteen hundred Portuguese, and three hundred Indians. The inhabitants made a brave defence, and held out for a confiderable time; but the place was at length taken, above three thousand men being killed in it, while the Portuguefe loft only forty. Having eftablished the power of the Portuguefe on the Malabar coaft, Albuquerque began to think of extending it in the eatern parts of Afia. In 1511, he prefented himself, therefore, before Malacca, which, by its fituation, was the moft confiderable mart of trade in India. He had before attempted this place, and his friend Araujo, who was his affociate in the firft expedition, had been taken prifoner. No fooner did he appear, than the befieged threatened to put their prifoner to death. Albuquerque, feeling for the fituation of his friend, formed a refolution of refraining from hoftilities, when he received the following note: "Think of nothing but the glory and advantage of Portugal. If I cannot be the inftrument of your victory, I fhall at leaft not be an obftacle to it." The place was accordingly attacked, and being taken, after many bloody, doubtful, and obftinate battles, the Portuguese found in it immenfe treasures, extenfive magazines, and every thing that could contribute to render life agreeable. After the capture of Malacca, the kings of Siam and Pegu, with fome others, either through fear, or with a view of promoting their own intereft, fent ambaffadors to Albuquerque, to offer him freedom of commerce, and to folicit an alliance with Portugal. In the mean time, a fquadron detached from the grand fleet directed its courfe for the Moluccas, which foon fell alfo into the hands of the Portuguefe. While his commanders were thus fignalifing themfelves by new exploits, he himself finifhed the conqueft of Malabar; and as he now enjoyed fome fhare of ease after his repeated fucceffes, he repreffed the licentioufnefs of the Portuguefe, reformed military difcipline, and established good order in all the colonies. By this time Albuquerque had brought all the Indian coaft, from the river Indus to Cape Comorin, under the power of the Portuguefe. He had added alfo Malac ca, and conquered Ormus, where he fettled every thing upon a firm bafis, and by his prudence and bravery fpread the his hands, faid, "O heavens! how can I extricate myself from the difficulties that furround me! If I obey my king I incur the odium and contempt of mankind: and if I ftudy to please men, then I fall under the difpleasure of my royal mafter. To thy grave, old man-to thy grave." Thefe laft words he often repeated, which fhewed the agony and diforder by which his breaft was agitated. However, when his mind came to be more compofed, he expreffed himself, afterwards, in the following manner name of Emanuel fo far, that the Indian nations could not help thinking that the fovereign who had a general of fuch extraordinary abilities, muft himself be fomething above human. Emanuel, indeed, was very well difpofed towards Albuquerque; but by the malicious infinuations of envious detractors, with whom it is the misfortune of princes to be often furrounded, he began to entertain fome fufpicions of this celebrated commander. Thefe perfons were inceffantly reprefenting to the king, that Albuquerque was a rafh hot-headed man, filled" I am verily perfuaded that the king with the moft boundless ambition. They even afferted, that he aimed at nothing lefs than fover ignty, and to make himfelf lord of all India; and that by the number of his relations and dependents, as well as the fame he had acquired amongst the Indian princes, his wealth and power were already much greater than what thofe of any fubject ought to be. Such infinuations as thefe were propagated at the Portuguefe court with the utmoft indufiry; and though Albuquerque had heard that his character was of ten attacked, yet relying on his innocence he took no trouble to refute thefe calumnies. His actions and behaviour in India had been fuch, that he thought thefe alone would be fufficient to blunt the fhafts of envy. but as his accufers had no one at court to oppose them, the king was at length prevailed on to recal him from India, and he fent Lopez Suario Alvarenga to be his fucceffor." has a divine knowledge in many things, otherwife he could not have acted in the prefent affair with fo much forefight. I am now approaching towards death, and if he had not at this time appointed my fucceffor, the affairs in India might have been greatly endangered." After he had spoken thefe words, his mind fecmed to be more at eafe, nor did he fhew the leaft mark of diffatifaction. As he proceeded on his voyage, his illnefs daily encreafed. In the mean while he wrote a fhort letter to Emanuel in the following words: "I now write you this laft letter, breathing with difficulty, and having upon me all the fymptoms of inevitable death. I have an only fon; him I recommend to your majefty, and hope that in confideration of my fervices you will take him under your royal protection and favour. What I have done for your honour and intereft, the deeds themfelves will teftify." After he had written this letter, he laid afide all thoughts of worldly matters, and gave himfelf up entirely to religious meditations, and preparations for a future ftate. When he came on the coaft of Goa, he difpatched a meffenger afhore to bring him a prieft from the city, with whom he had before joined in religious worship. This perfon accordingly came and the night was fpent in prayer, but Albuquerque expired before the break of day. This happened in the year 1515. At this period Albuquerque was at Ormus, where he fell into a lingering diftemper, the effect of old age, added to too much fatigue, and which every day encreafed. As he now thought death approaching, he made his will, and as he had a ftrong defire of ending his days in India, and of feeing Goa before he died, he refolved to proceed thither without delay. In failing along the coaft of India, he was informed that Alvarenga was fent to be his fucceffor; and that he himself was ordered to return to Portugal. The following character is given of Albuquerque was much affected by this Albuquerque by Oforio, Bishop of Silintelligence, for he now plainly faw that vez, in his History of the Portuguese, duhis difgrace was brought about by the ring the Reign of Emanuel. "He was malice of his enemies. He could not, a man of the moft extenfive humanity; 1: Ca¤ but lifting us—nor is it easy to tell whether he was more |