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lib. med. partic. 2. cap. 19. confirmes as much, putting the "matter of Melancholy, sometimes in the Stomack, Liver, Heart, Brain, Spleen, Mirach, Hypocondries, when as the melancholy humor resides there, or the Liver is not well cleansed from Melancholy blond."

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The Brain is a familiar and frequent cause, too hot, or too cold, " through adust bloud so caused," as Mercurialis will have it, "within or without the head," the brain it self being distempered. Those are most apt to this disease, "that have a hot heart and moist Brain," which Montaltus cap. 11. de Melanch. approves out of Halyabbas, Rhasis, and Avicenna. Mercurialis consil. 11. assignes the coldness of the brain a cause, and Salustius Salvianus med. lect: 1. 2. c. 1. will have it "arise from a cold and dry distemperature of the brain." Piso, Benedictus Victorius Faventinus, will have it proceed from a hot distemperature of the Brain ;" and Montaltus cap. 10. from the Brain's heat, scorching the bloud. The brain is still distempered by himself, or by consent: by himself or his proper affection, as Faventinus cals it, or by vapors which arise from the other parts, and fume up into the head, altering

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Hildesheim spicel. 2. de Mania, thinks it may be caused from a destemperature of the heart; sometimes hot; sometimes cold." A hot Liver, and a cold Stomack, are put for usual causes of Melancholy: Mercurialis consil. 11. & consil. 6. consil. 86. assignes a hot Liver, and cold Stomack for ordinary causes. Monavius, in an Epistle of his to Crato in Scoltzius, is of opinion, that Hypocondriacal Melancholy may proceed from a cold Liver; the question is there discussed. Most agree that a hot Liver is in fault; "The Liver is the shop of humors, and especially causeth melancholy by his hot and dry distemperature. The Stomack, and Meseraick veins do often concurre, by reason of their obstructions, and thence their heat cannot be avoided, and many times the matter is so adust, and inflamed in those parts, that it degenerates into Hypocondriacal melancholy." Guianerius c. 2. Tract. 15. holds the Meseraick

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Materia Melancholiæ aliquando in corde, in stomacho, hepate, ab hypocondriis, myrache, splene, cum ibi remanet humor melancholicus. • Ex sanguine adusto, intra vel extra caput. Qui calidum cor habent, cercbrum humidum, facile melancholici. Sequitur melancholia malam intemperiem frigidam & siccam ipsius cerebri. Sæpe fit ex calidiore cerebro, aut corpore colligente melancholiam, Piso. f Vel per propriam affectionem, vel per consensum, cum vapores exhalant in cerebrum. Montalt. cap. 14. e Aut ibi gigritur melancholicus fumus, aut aliunde vehitur, alterando animales facultates. Ab intemperie cordis, modo calidiore, modo frigidiore. Epist. 209. Scoltzi. Officina humorum hepar concurrit, &c. Ventriculus & venæ meseraice Concurrunt, quod hæ partes obstructæ sunt, &c.

veines to be a sufficient cause alone. The spleen concurres to this malady, by all their consents, and suppression of Hæmrods, dum non expurget alter a causa lien, saith Montaltus, if it be too cold and dry, and do not purge the other parts as it ought," Consil. 23. Montanus puts the "spleen stopped" for a great cause. Christopherus à Vega reports of his knowledge, that he hath known Melancholy caused from putrefied bloud in those Seed-veins and Womb: “ Arculanus from that menstruous bloud turned into melancholy, and seed too long detained (as I have already declared) by putrefaction or adustion."

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The Mesenterium, or Midriffe, Diaphragma, is a cause which the Greeks called Opévzi: because by his inflammation, ΑΠ the minde is much troubled with convulsions and dotage. All these, most part, offend by inflammation, corrupting humours and spirits, in this non-naturall melancholy: for from these are ingendred fuliginous and black spirits. And for that reason • Montaltus cap. 10. de causis melan. will have "the efficient cause of melancholy to be hot and dry, not a cold and dry distemperature, as some hold, from the heat of the brain, rosting the bloud, immoderate heat of the liver and bowels, and inflammation of the Pylorus. And so much the rather, because that," as Galen holds, "all spices inflame the bloud, solitarinesse, waking, agues, study, meditation, all which heat: and therefore he concludes that this distemperature causing adventitious But of this Melancholy, is not cold and dry, but hot and dry.' I have sufficiently treated in the matter of Melancholy, and hold that this may be true in non-naturall Melancholy, which produceth madnesse, but not in that naturall, which is more cold, t Which and heing immoderate, produceth a gentle dotage. opinion Geraldus de Solo maintains in his comment upon Rhasis.

SUBSECT. III.

Causes of Head-Melancholy.

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FTER a tedious discourse of the generall causes of Melancholy, I am now returned at last to treat in brief of the three particular species, and such causes as properly appertain

• Splen n Lien frigidus & siccus c. 13. Per se sanguinem adurentes. A sanguinis putredine in vasis obstructus. P De arte med. lib. 3. cap. 24. seminariis & utero, & quandoq à spermate diu retento, vel sanguine menstruo Magirus. Ergo in melancholiam verso per putrefactionem, vel adustionem. efficiens causa melancholia est calida & sicca intemperies, non frigida & sicca, quod multi opinati sunt, oritur enim à calore cerebri assante sanguinem, &c. tum quod aromata sanguinem incendunt, solitudo, vigilia, febris præcedens, meditatio, studium, & hæc omnia calefaciunt, ergo ratum sit, &c. lib. 1. cap. 13. de Mclanch.

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unto them. Although these causes promiscuously concur to each and every particular kinde, and commonly produce their effects in that part which is most weak, ill disposed, and least able to resist, and so cause all three species, yet many of them are proper to some one kinde, and seldome found in the rest. As for example, Head-Melancholy is commonly caused by a cold or hot distemperature of the Brain, according to Laurentius cap. 5. de melan. but as + Hercules de Saxoniâ contends, from that agitation or distemperature of the animall spirits alone. Salust. Salvianus, before mentioned lib. 2. cap. 3. de re med. will have it proceed from cold: but that I take of naturall melancholy, such as are fools and dote; for as Galen writes lib. 4. de puls. 8. and Avicenna, a cold and moist Brain is an unseparable companion of folly." But this adventitious melancholy which is here meant, is caused of an hot and dry distemperature, as Damascen the Arabian lib. 3. cap. 22. thinks, and most writers; Altomarus and Piso call it "yan innate burning untemperatenesse, turning bloud and choler into melancholy." Both these opinions may stand good, as Bruel maintains, and Capivaccius, si cerebrum sit calidius," if the brain be hot, the animall spirits will be hot, and thence comes madnesse: if cold, folly." David Crusius Theat. morb. Hermet. lib. 2. cap. 6. de atra bile, grants melancholy to be a discase of an inflamed brain, but cold notwithstanding of it self: calida per accidens, frigida per se, hot by accident only; I am of Capivacciu's minde for my part. Now this humour, according to Salvianus, is sometime in the substance of the Brain, sometimes contained in the Membranes, and Tunicles that cover the Brain, sometimes in the passages of the Ventricles of the Brain, or veins of those ventricles. It followes many times Phrensie, long diseases, agues, long abode in hot places, or under the Sun, a blow on the head," as Rhasis informeth us: Piso addes solitarines, waking, inflammations of the head, proceeding most part from much use of spices, hot wines, hot meats: all which Montanus reckons up consil. 22. for a Melancholy Jew; and Heurnius repeats cap. 12. de Mania: Hot bathes, Garlick, Onions, saith Guianerius, bad ayr, corrupt, much waking, &c. retention of seed or abundance, stopping. of hæmorrogia, the Midriffe misaffected; and according to

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Lib. 3. Tract. posthum. de melan. A fatuitate inseparabilis cerebri frigiditas. * Ab interno calore assatur. Intemperies innata exurens, flavam bilem aç sanguinem in melancholiam convertens. 2 Si cerebrum sit calidius, fiet spiritus animalis calidior, & dilirium maniacum; si frigidior, fiet fatuitas. ▪ Melancholia capitis accedit post phirenesim aut longam moram sub sole, aut percussionem in capite, cap. 13. lib. 1. Qui bibunt vina potentia, & sæpè sunt sub sole. Curz validæ, largioris vini & aromatum usus.

Trallianus

Trallianus l. 1. 16. immoderate cares, troubles, griefs, discontent, study, meditation, and in a word, the abuse of all those 6 non-natural things, Hercules de Saxonia, cap. 16. lib. 1. will have it caused from d a cautery, or boyl dried up, or an issue. Amatus Lusitanus cent. 2. cura. 67. gives instance in a fellow that had a hole in his arm, "after that was healed, ran mad, and when the wound was open, he was cured again." Trincavelius consil. 13. lib. 1. hath an example of a melancholy man so caused by overmuch continuance in the Sun, frequent use of Venery, and immoderate exercise: And in his cons. 49. lib. 3. from an 'headpiece overheated, which caused head-melancholy. Prosper Calenus brings in Cardinall Cæsius for a pattern of such as are so melancholy by long study: but examples are infinite.

IN

SUBSEC. IV.

Causes of Hypocondriacall, or Windie Melancholy.

'N repeating of these causes, I must crambe bis coctam apponere, say that again which I have formerly said, in applying them to their proper Species. Hypocondriacall or flatuous Melancholy, is that which the Arabians call Myrachiall, and is in my judgement the most grievous and frequent, though Bruel and Laurentius make it least dangerous, and not so hard to be known or cured. His causes are inward or outward. Inward from divers parts or organs, as Midriffe, Spleen, Stomack, Liver, Pylorus, Womb, Diaphragma, Meseraick veines, stopping of issues, &c. Montaltus cap. 15. out of Galen recites "heat and obstruction of those meseraicke veins, as an immediate cause, by which means the passage of the Chilus to the liver is detained, stopped or corrupted, and turned into rumbling and winde." Montanus consil. 233. hath an evident demonstration, Trincavelius another, lib. 1. cap. 12. and Plater a third, observat, lib. 1., for a Doctour of the Law visited with this infirmity, from the said obstruction and heat of these Meseraick veines, and bowels: quoniam inter ventriculum & jecur venæ effervescunt, the veins are inflamed about the Liver and Stomack. Sometimes those other parts are together misaffected; and concurre to the production of this malady: A hot liver and cold stomack or cold belly: look for instances in Hollerius, Victor Trincavelius, consil. 35. l. 3. Hildesheim Spicel.

A cauterio & ulcere exsiccato.

Ab ulcere curato incidit in insaniam, aperto vulnerc curatur. f A galea nimis calefacta. & Exuritur sanguis & venæ obstruuntur, quibus obstructis prohibetur transitus Chili ad jecur, corrumpitur & in rugitus & flatus vertitur.

VOL. I.

Cc

2. fol.

2. fol. 132. Solenander consil. 9. pro cive Lugdunensi, Montanus consil. 229. for the Earl of Monfort in Germany, 1549. and Frisimelica in the 233 consultation of the said Montanus. I. Cæsar Claudinus gives instance of a cold stomack and over-hot liver, almost in every consultation, con. 89. for a certain Count: and con. 106. for a Polonian Baron, by reason of heat the bloud is inflamed, and grosse vapours sent to the heart and brain. Mercurialis subscribes to them cons. 89. " the stomack being misaffected," which he cals the king of the belly, because if he be distempered, all the rest suffer with him, as being deprived of their nutriment or fed with bad nourishment, by means of which, come crudities, obstructions, winde, rumbling, griping, &c. Hercules de Saxonia, besides heat, will have the weaknesse of the liver and his obstruction a cause, facultatem debilem jecinoris which he calls the minerall of melancholy. Laurentius assigns this reason, because the liver over-hot draws the meat undigested out of the stomack, and burneth the humours. Montanus cons. 244. proves that sometimes a cold liver may be a cause. Laurentius c. 12. Trincavelius Lib. 12. consil. and Gualter Bruel seems to lay the greatest fault upon the Spleen; that doth not his duty in purging the Liver as he ought, being too great, or too little, in drawing too much bloud sometimes to it, and not expelling it, as P. Cnemiandrus in a consultation of his noted, tumorem lienis, he names it, and the fountain of melancholy. Diocles supposed the ground of this kinde of Melancholy to proceed from the inflammation of the Pylorus, which is the neather mouth of the Ventricle. Others assign the Mesenterium or Midriffe distempered by heat, the womb misaffected, stopping of Hemrods, with many such. All which Laurentius cap. 12. reduceth to three, Mesentery, Liver, and Spleen, from whence he denominates Hepatick, Splenitick, and Mcseraick Melancholy. Outward causes, are bad diet, care, griefes, discontents, and in a word all those six non-naturall things, as Montanus found by his experience, consil. 244. Solenander consil. 9. for a Citizen of Lyons in France, gives his reader to understand, that he knew this mischief procured by a medicine of Cantharides, which an unskilfull Physician ministred his patient to drink ad venerem excitandam. But most commonly fear, grief, and some sudden commotion, or perturbation of the minde begin it, in such bodies especially as are ill disposed. Melancthon tract. 14. cap. 2. de anima, will have it as common to men, as the mother to women, upon some grievous trouble, dislike, passion, or discontent. For as

Stomacho læso robur corporis imminuitur, & reliqua membra alimento orbata, &c. Hildesheim.

Camerarius

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