a melancholy, from the sole distemperature of spirits in the Brain, as they are hot, cold, dry, moist, "all without matter, from the motion alone, and tenebrosity of spirits;" of melancholy which proceeds from humors by adustion, he treats apart, with their severall symptoms and cures. The common signs, if it be by essence in the head, "are ruddiness of face, high sanguine complexion, most part rubore saturato," one calls it a blewish, and sometimes full of pumples, with red eyes. Avicenna 1.3. Fen. 2. Tract. 4. c. 18. Duretus and others out of Galen. de affect. l. 3. c. 6. Hercules de Saxoniâ to this of redness of face, adds "heaviness of the head, fixed and hollow eyes. If it proceed from dryness of the brain, then their heads will be light, vertiginous, and they most apt to wake, and to continue whole moneths together without sleep. Few excrements in their eyes and nostrils, and often bald by reason of excess of dryness," Montaltus adds c. 17. If it proceed from moisture; dulness, drowziness, headache follows; and as Salust. Salvianus, c. 1. 7. 2. out of his own experience found, Epileptical, with a multitude of humors in the head. They are very bashfull, if ruddy, apt to blush, and to be red upon all occasions, præsertim si metus accesserit. But the chiefest symptome to discern this species, as I have said, is this, that there be no notable signs in the stomach, Hypocondries, or elswhere, digna, as Montaltus tearms them, or of greater note, because oftentimes the passions of the stomack concur with them. Wind is common to all three species, and is not excluded, only that of the Hypocondries is more windy then the rest, saith Hollerius. Etius tetrab. l. 2. se. 2. c. 9. & 10. maintains the same, if there be more signs, and more evident in the head then elswhere, the Brain is primarily affected, and prescribes head-melancholy to be cured by meats amongst the rest, void of wind, and good juyce, not excluding wind, or corrupt blood, even in head-melancholy it self: but these species are often confounded, and so are their symptoms, as I have already proved. The symptomes of the minde are superfluous and continuall cogitations: "for when the head is heated, it scorch • Facie sunt rubente & livescente, quibus etiam aliquando adsunt pustulæ. Jo. Pantheon. cap. de Mel. Si cerebrum primario afficiatur adsunt capitis gravitas, fixi oculi, &c. Laurent. cap. 5. si à cerebro ex siccitate, tum capitis erit levitas, sitis, vigilia, paucitas superfluitatum in oculis & naribus. Si nulla digna læsio, ventriculo, quoniam in hac melancholia capitis, exigua nonnunquam ventriculi pathemata coëunt, duo enim hæc membra sibi invicem affectionem transmittunt. d Postrema magis flatuosa. • Si minus molestia circa ventriculum aut ventrem, in iis cerebrum primario afficitur, & curare oportet hunc affectum, per cibos flatus exortes, & bonæ concoctionis, &c. raro cerebrum afficitur sine ventriculo. f Sanguinem adurit caput calidius, & inde fumi melancholici adustì, animum exagitant. VOL. I. Ee eth eth the blood, and from thence proceed melancholy fumes, which trouble the minde," Avicenna. They are very cholerick, and soon hot, solitary, sad, often silent, watchfull, discontent, Montaltus cap. 24. If any thing trouble them, they cannot sleep, but fret themselves still, till another object mitigate, or time wear it out. They have grievous passions, and immoderate perturbations of the mind, fear, sorrow, &c. yet not so continuate, but that they are sometimes merry, apt to profuse laughter, which is more to be wondered at, and that by the authority of Galen himself, by reason of mixture of bloud, prærubri jocosis delectantur & irrisores plerumque sunt, if they be ruddy, they are delighted in jests, and oftentimes scoffers themselves, conceipted; and as Rhodericus à Vega comments on that place of Galen, merry, witty, of a pleasant disposition, and yet grievously melancholy anon after: omnia discunt sine doctore, saith Areteus, they learn without a teacher: and as Laurentius supposeth, those ferall passions and Symptomes of such as think themselves glass, pitchers, feathers, &c. speak strange languages, procced a calore cerebri (if it be in excess) from the brain's distempered heat. SUBSECT. II. Symptomes of windy Hypocondriacall Melancholy. "IN th N this Hypocondriacall or flatuous melancholy, the symptomes are so ambiguous," saith Crato in a counsell of his for a Noblewoman, "that the most exquisite Physicians cannot determine of the part affected." Matthew Flaccius, consulted about a Noble matron, confessed as much, that in this malady he with Hollerius, Fracastorius, Falopius, and others, being to give their sentence of a party labouring of Hypocondriacall melancholy, could not finde out by the symptomes, which part was most especially affected; some said the womb, some heart, some stomach, &c. and therefore Crato, consil. 24. lib. 1. boldy avers, that in this diversity of symptomes, which commonly accompany this disease, no physician can truely say what part is affected." Galen lib. 3. de loc. affect. reckons up these ordinary symptomes, which all the Neotericks repeat of Diocles; only this fault he finds with him, that he puts not Fear and Sorrow amongst the other signes. Trin * Lib. de loc. affect. cap. 6. h Cap. 6. * Hildesheim spicel. 1. de mel In Hypocondriaca melancholia adeo ambigua sunt symptomata, ut etiam exercitatissimi medici de loco affecto statuere non possint. * Medici de loco affecto hequeunt statuere. cavelius m cavelius excuseth Diocles, lib. 3. consil. 35. because that oftentimes in a strong head and constitution, a generous spirit, and a valiant, these symptomes appear not, by reason of his valour and courage. *Hercules de Saxoniâ (to whom I sub. scribe) is of the same mind (which I have before touched) that Fear and Sorrow are not generall Symptomes; some fear and are not sad; some be sad and fear not; some neither fear nor grieve. The rest are these, beside Fear and Sorrow, "sharp belchings, fullsome crudities, heat in the bowels, wind and rumbling in the guts, vehement gripings, pain in the belly and stomack sometimes, after meat that is hard of concoction, much watering of the stomack, and moist spittle, cold sweat, importunus sudor, unseasonable sweat all over the body," as Octavius Horatianus lib. 2. cap. 5. cals it; "cold joynts, indigestion, they cannot endure their own fulsome belchings, continuall wind about their Hypocondries, heat and griping in their bowels, præcordia sursum convelluntur, midriffe and bowels are pulled up, the veins about their eyes look red, and swell from vapours and winde." Their ears sing now and then, Vertigo and giddiness come by fits, turbulent dreams, driness, leanness, apt they are to sweat upon all occasions, of all colours and complexions. Many of them are high-coloured especially after meales, which symptome Cardinal Cæcius was much troubled with, and of which he complained to Prosper Calenus his physician, he could not eat, or drink a cup of wine, but he was as red in the face, as if he had been at a Maior's feast. That symptom alone vexeth many. "Some again are black, pale, ruddy, sometime their shoulders, and shoulder blades ake, there is a leaping all over their bodies, sudden trembling, a palpitation of the heart, and that cardiaca passio, grief in the mouth of the stomach, which maketh the patient think his heart itself aketh, and sometimes suffocation, difficultas anhelitus, short breath, hard wind, strong pulse, swooning. Montanus consil. 55. Trincavelius li. 3 consil. 36. 37. Fernelius cons. 43. Frambesarius consult. lib. 1. consil. 17. Hildesheim, Claudinus, &c. give instance of every particular. The peculiar Symptomes, which properly belong to each part, be these. If it proceed from the stomack, saith *Tract. posthumo de mel. Patavii edit. 1620. per Bozettum Bibliop. cap. 2. Acidi ructus, cruditates, æstus in præcordiis, flatus, interdum ventriculi dolores vehementes, sumptoq; cibo concoctu difficili, sputum humidum idq; multum sequetur, &c. Hip. lib. de mel. Galenus, Melanelius è Ruffo et Etio, Altomarus, Piso, Montaltus, Bruel, Wecker, &c. Circa præcordia de assidua in fatione queruntur, et cum sudore totius corporis importuno, frigidos articulos sæpe patiuntur, indigestione laborant, ructus suos insuaves perhorrescunt, viscerum dolores habent. » Montaltus c. 13. Wecker, Fuchsius c. 13. Altomarus c. 7. Laurentius c. 73. Bruel, Gordon. Savanarola, 'tis full of pain, wind. Guianerius addes, vertigo, nausea, much spitting, &c. If from the myrache, a swelling and wind in the Hypocondries, a lothing, and appetite to vomit, pulling upward. If from the heart, aking and trembling of it, much heaviness. If from the liver, there is usually a pain in the right Hypocondrie. If from the spleen, hardness and grief in the left Hypocondrie, a rumbling, much appetite and small digestion, Avicenna. If from the Meseraicke veines and liver on the other side, little or no appetite, Herc. de Saxoniâ. If from the Hypocondries, a rumbling inflation, concoction is hindered, often belching, &c. And from these crudities, windy vapors ascend up to the brain which trouble the imagination, and cause fear, sorrow, dulness, heaviness, many terrible conceipts and Chimera's, as Lemnius wel observes, l. 1. c. 16. "as Pa black and thick cloud covers the Sun, and intercepts his beames and light, so doth this melaucholy vapour obnubilate the minde, inforce it to many absurd thoughts and imaginations," and compell good, wise, honest, discreet men (arising to the Brain from the lower parts, “as smoke out of a chimney)" to dote, speak, and doe that which becomes them not, their persons, callings, wisdoms. One by reason of those ascending vapours and gripings, rumbling beneath, will not be perswaded but that he hath a serpent in his guts, a viper, another frogs. Trallianus relates a storie of a woman, that imagined she had swallowed an Eele, or a Serpent; and Felix Platerus, observat. lib. 1. hath a most memorable example of a countreyman of his, that by chance falling into a pit where frogs and frogs-spawn was, and a little of that water swallowed, began to suspect that he had likewise swallowed frogs-spawn, and with that conceipt and fear, his phantasie wrought so far, that he verily thought he had young live frogs in his belly, qui vivebant ex alimento suo, that lived by his nourishment, and was so certainly persuaded of it, that for many years following, he could not be rectified in his conceipt: He studied Physick seven years together to cure himself, travelled into Italy, France and Germany to confer with the best physicians about it, and A° 1609. asked his counsell amongst the rest; he told him it was wind, his conceipt, &c. but mordicus contradicere, & ore, & scriptis probare nitebatur: no saying would serve, it was no wind, but reall frogs: "and dee you not heare them croake?" Platerus would have deceived him, by putting live frogs into his excrements: but he, being a physitian himself, would not be deceived, vir prudens aliàs, & Pract. major: dolor in eo et ventositas, nausea. Ut atra densaq; nubes 4 Ut fumus soli effu a, radios et lumen ejus intercipit et offuscat; sic, etc. è cam no. doctus, doctus, a wise and learned man otherwise, a Doctor of physick, and after seven years dotage in this kind, à phantasia liberatus est, he was cured. Laurentius and Goulart have many such examples, if you be desirous to read them. One commoditie above the rest which are melancholy, these windy flatuous have, lucida intervalla, their symptomes and pains are not usually so continuate as the rest, but come by fits, fear and sorrow, and the rest yet in another they exceed all others; and that is, they are luxurious, incontinent, and prone to Veneric, by reason of wind, & facilè amant, & quamlibet ferè amant. (Jason Pratensis) Rhasis is of opinion, that Venus doth many of them much good; the other symptomes of the minde be common with the rest. t SUBSECT. III. Symptomes of Melancholy abounding in the whole bodie. TH HEIR bodies that are affected with this universall melancholy, are most part black, ""the melancholy juice is redundant all over," hirsute they are, and lean, they have broad veins, their bloud is gross and thick. "Their Spleen is weak," and a Liver apt to ingender the humour; they have kept bad diet, or have had some evacuation stopped, as hæmrods, or moneths in women, which Trallianus, in the cure, would have carefully to be inquired, and withall to observe of what complexion the party is of, black or red. For as Forrestus and Hollerius contend, if they be black, it proceeds from abundance of naturall melancholy; if it proceed from cares, agony, discontents, diet, exercise, &c. they may be as wel of any other colour: red, yellow, pale, as black, and yet their whole bloud corrupt: prærubri colore sæpe sunt tales, sæpe Alavi, (saith Montaltus cap. 22.) The best way to discern this species, it to let them bleed, if the bloud be corrupt, thick and black, and they withall free from those hypocondriacall symptomes, and not so grievously troubled with them, or those of the head, it argues they are melancholy, à toto corpore. The fumes which arise from this corrupt bloud, disturb the mind, ventositates. toto corpore redundans. Hypocondriaci maxime affectant coire, & multiplicatur coitus in ipsis, eo quod ventositates multiplicantur in hypocondriis, & coitus sæpe allevat has Cont. lib. 1. tract. 9. "Wecker, Melancholicus succus * Splen natura imbecillior. Montaltus cap. 22. Lib. 1. cap. 16. Interrogare convenit, an aliqua evacuationis retentio obvenerit, viri in hæmorroid, mulierum menstruis, & vide faciem similiter an sit rubicunda. Naturales nigri acquisiti à toto corpore, sæpe rubicundi. • Monaltus cap. 22. Piso. Ex colore sanguinis si minuas venam, i fluat niger, &c. E¢ 3 and |