be intent, then again to hawk or hunt, swim, run, ride, or ex ercise himself." A good prospect alone will ease melancholy, ás Comesius contends, lib. 2. c. 7. de Sale. The citizens of Barcino, saith he, otherwise penned in, Melancholy, and stirring little abroad, are much delighted with that pleasant prospect their city hath into the sea, which like that of old Athens besides Ægina Salamina, and many pleasant Islands, had all the variety of delicious objects: so are those Neopolitanes, and inhabitants of Genua, to see the ships, boats, and passengers, go by, out of their windows, their whole cities being sited on the side of an hill, like Pera by Constantinople, so that each house almost, hath a free prospect to the sea, as some part of London to the Thames: or to have a free prospect all over the city at once, as at Granado in Spain, and Fez in Africk, the river running betwixt two declining hils, the steepness causeth each house almost, as well to oversee, as to be overseen of the rest. Every country is full of such delightsome prospects, as well within land, as by sea, as Hermon and * Rama in Palestina, Colalto in Italy, the top of Tagetus or Acrochorinthus, that old decayed castle in Corinth, from which Peloponesus, Greece, the Ionian and Ægean seas were semel & simul at one view to be taken. In Egypt the square top of the great Pyramis 300. yards in height, and so the Sultan's Palace in Grand Cairo, the country being plain, hath a marvellous fair prospect as well over Nilus,as that great city, five Italian miles long, and two broad, by the river side from mount Sion in Jerusalem the holy land is of all sides to be seen: such high places are infinite: with us those of the best note are Glassenbury Tower, Box Hill in Surry, Bever castle, Rodway Grange, + Walsby in Lincolnshire, where I lately received a real kindness, by the munificence of the right honourable my noble Lady and patroness, the Lady Frances Countess Dowager of Exeter: And two amongst the rest, which I may not omit for vicinitie's sake, Oldbury in the confines of Warwickshire, where I have often looked about me with great delight, at the foot of which hill I was born: And Hanbury in Staffordshire, contiguous to which is Falde a pleasant Village, and an ancient patrimony belonging to our family, now in the possession of mine elder brother William Burton Esquire. P Barclay the Scot commends that of Greenwich tower for one of the best prospects in Europe, to see London on the one side, the Thames, ships, and pleasant meadows on

m In Catalonia in Spain. Laudaturq; domus longos quæ prospicit agros. Many towns there are of that name, saith Adricomius, all high-sited. Lately resigned for some special reasons. • At Lindley in Lecestershire, the possession and dwelling place of Ralph Burton Esquire, my late deceased father. In Icon ani moru.

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the other. There be those that say as much and more of St. Mark's steeple in Venice. Yet these are at too great a distance; some are especially affected with such objects as be near, to see passengers go by in some great Rode way, or boats in a river, in subjectum forum despicere, to oversee a Fair, a Market place, or out of a pleasant window into some thorough-fare street to behold a continual concourse, a promiscuous rout, coming and going, or a multitude of spectators at a Theater, a Maske or some such like shew. But I rove: the sum is this, that variety of actions, objects, aire, places, are excellent good in this infirmity and all others, good for man, good for beast. Constantine the Emperour lib. 18. cap. 13. ex Leontio, "holds it an only cure for rotten sheep, and any manner of sicke cattel." Lælius à fonte Ægubinus that great Doctor, at the latter end of many of his consultations (as commonly he doth set down what success his Physik had) in melancholy most especially approves of this above all other remedies whatsoever, as appears consult. 69. consult. 229. &c. "Many other things helped, but change of aire was that which wrought the cure, and did most good."

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MEMB. IV.

Exercise rectified of Body and Minde.

BODLER

O that great inconvenience, which comes on the one side by immoderate and unseasonable exercise, too much soli tariness and idleness on the other, must be opposed as an Antidote, a moderate and seasonable use of it, and that both of body and minde, as a most materiall circumstance, much conducing to this cure, and to the generall preservation of our health. The heavens themselves run continually round, the Sun riseth and sets, the Moon increaseth and decreaseth, Stars and Planets keep their constant motions, the aire is still tossed by the winds, the waters eb and flow to their conservation no doubt, to teach us that we should ever be in action. For which cause Hieron prescribes Rusticus the Monk, that he be always occupied about some busines or other, "that the devill do not finde him idle." *Seneca would have a man do something, though it be to no purpose. Xenophon wisheth one rather to play at tables,

¶ Ægrotantes öves in alium locum transportandæ sunt, ut alium aerem & aquam participantes, coalescant & corroborentur. Alia utilia, sed ex muta❤ tione aeris potissimum curatus. Ne te dæmon otiosum inveniat. * Præ + Lib. 3. de dictis Socratis, Qui tesseris et ri

stat aliud agere quam nihil.

sui excitando vacant, aliquid faciunt, et si liceret his meliora agere,

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dice, or make a jester of himself (though he might be far better imployed) then do nothing. The Egyptians of old, and many flourishing Commonwealths since, have enjoyned labour and exercise to all sorts of men, to be of some vocation and calling, and to give an account of their time, to prevent those grievous mischiefs that come by idleness; "for as fodder, whip and burthen, belong to the asse: so meat, correction and worke unto the servant," Ecclus. 33. 23. The Turks injoyn all men whatsoever, of what degree, to be of some trade or other, the grand Signior himself is not excused. "" In our memory (saith Sabellicus) Mahomet the Turke, he that conquered Greece, at that very time when he heard Embassadours of other Princes, did either carve or cut wooden spoones, or frame something upon a table." This present Sultan makes notches for bows. The Jews are most severe in this examination of time. All wel-governed Places, Towns, Families, and every discreet person will be a law unto himself. But amongst us the badge of gentry is idleness: to be of no calling, not to labour, for that's derogatory to their birth, to be a meer spectator, a drone, fruges consumere natus, to have no necessary employment to busie himself about in Church and commonwealth (some few governers exempted) "but to rise to eat," &c. to spend his dayes in hawking, hunting, &c. and suchlike disports and recreations (which our Casuists tax) are the sole exercise almost and ordinary actions of our Nobility, and in which they are too immoderate. And thence it comes to pass, that in City and country so many grievances of body and mind, and this ferall disease of melancholy so frequently rageth, and now domineers almost all over Europe amongst our great ones. They know not how to spend their times (disports excepted, which are all their business), what to do, or otherwise how to bestow themselves: like our modern Frenchmen, that had rather lose a pound of blood in a single combate, then a drop of sweat in any honest labour. Every man almost hath something or other to employ himself about, some vocation, some trade, but they do all by ministers and servants, ad otia duntaxat se natos existimant, imò ad sui ipsius plerumq; & aliorum perniciem, + as one freely taxeth such kinde of men, they are all for pastimes, 'tis all their study, all their invention tends to this alone, to drive away time, as if they were born some of them to no other ends. Therefore to correct and avoid these errors and in

Amasis compelled every man once a year to tell how he lived. • Nostra memoria Mahometes Othomannus qui Græciæ imperium subvertit, cum oratorum postulata audiret externarum gentium, cochlearia lignea assiduè cælabat, aut aliquid in tabula affingebat. * Sands fol. 37. of his voyage to Jerusalem. + Luscinius Grunnio conveniences,

Perkins Cases of Conscience, 1. 3. c. 4. q. 3,

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conveniencies, our Divines, Physicians, and Politicians, so much labour, and so seriously exhort; And for this disease in particular, there can be no better cure then continuall business," as Rhasis holds, "to have some employment or other, which may set their minde aworke, and distract their cogitations. Riches may not easily be had without labour and industry, nor learning without study, neither can our health be preserved without bodily exercise. If it be of the body, Guianerius allowes that exercise which is gentle, " and still after those ordinary frications," which must be used every morning. Montaltus cap. 26. and Jason Pratensis use almost the same words, highly commending exercise if it be moderate; “ wonderfull help so used," Crato calls it, "and a great means to preserve our health, as adding strength to the whole body, increasing naturall heat, by means of which, the nutriment is well concocted in the stomacke, liver and veines, few or no crudities left, is happily distributed over all the body." Besides, it expells excrements by sweat, and other insensible vapours; in so much, that Galen prefers Exercise before all Physick, Rectification of diet, or any regiment in what kinde soever; 'tis Na ture's Physician. Fulgentius out of Gordonius de conserv. vit. hom. lib. 1. cap. 7. tearms exercise, "a spur of a dull sleepy nature, the comforter of the members, cure of infirmity, death of diseases, destruction of all mischiefes and vices." The fittest time for exercise, is a little before dinner, a little before supper, or at any time when the body is empty. Montanus consil. 31. prescribes it every morning to his patient, and that as Calenus addes, "after he hath done his ordinary needs, rubbed his body, washed his hands and face, combed his head, and gargarized." What kinde of exercise he should use, Galen tells us, lib. 2. & 3. de sanit. tuend. and in what measure, till the body be ready to sweat," and roused up; ad ruborem, some say, non ad sudorum, lest it should dry the body too much; others injoyn those wholesome businesses, as to dig so long in his garden, to hold the plough, and the like: Some prescribe frequent and violent labour and exercises, as

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Non est cura melior quam injungere iis necessaria, et opportuna; operum administratio illis magnum sanitatis incrementum, et que repleant animos eorum, et incutiant iis diversas cogitationes. Cont. 1. tract. 9. * Ante exercitium, leves toto corpore fricationes conveniunt. Ad hunc morbum exercitationes, quum rectè et suo tempore fiunt, mirificè conducunt, et sanitatem tuentur, &c. a Lib. 1. de San. tuend. Exercitium naturæ dormicntis stimulatio, membrorum solatium, morborum medela, fuga vitiorum, medicina languorum, destructio omnium malorum, Crato. • Alimentis in ventriculo probè concoctis. Jejuno ventre vesica et alvo ab excrementis purgato, fricatis membris, lotis manibus et oculis, &c. lib. de atra bile. corpus universum intumescat, et floridum appareat, sudoreq; &c.

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sawing every day, so long together, (epid. 6. Hippocrates confounds them) but that is in some cases, to some peculiar men ; f the most forbid, and by no means will have it go farther then a beginning sweat, as being perilous if it exceed.

Of these labours, exercises and recreations, which are likewise included, some properly belong to the body, some to the mind, some more easie, some hard, some with delight, some without, some within doors, some naturall, some are artificiall. Amongst bodily exercises, Galen commends ludum parte pile, to play at ball, be it with the hand or racket, in Tenniscourts, or otherwise, it exerciseth each part of the body, and doth much good, so that they sweat not too much. It was in great request of old amongst the Greeks, Romanes, Barbarians, mentioned by Homer, Herodotus, and Plinius. Some write, that Aganella a fair maide of Corcyra, was the inventer of it, for she presented the first ball that ever was made, to Nausica the daughter of king Alcinous, and taught her how to use it.

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The ordinary sports which are used abroad, are Hawking, Hunting, hilares venandi labores, one calls them, because they recreate body and minde, another, the "best exercise that is, by which alone many have been 'freed from all ferall diseases." Hegesippus lib. 1. cap. 37. relates of Herod, that he was eased of a grievous melancholy by that means. Plato. 7. de leg. highly magnifies it, dividing it into three parts, by Land, Water, Ayre." Xenophon in Cyropæd. graces it with a great name, Deorum munus, the gift of the Gods, a Princely sport, which they have ever used, saith Langius epist. 59. lib. 2. as well for health as pleasure, and do at this day, it being the sole almost and ordinary sport of our Noblemen in Europe, and elsewhere all over the World. Bohemus de mor, gent. lib. 3. cap. 12. stiles it therefore studium nobilium, communiter venantur, quòd sibi solis licere contendunt, 'tis all their study, their exercise, ordinary business, all their talk: and indeed soine dote too much after it, they can do nothing else, discourse of naught else. Paulus Jovius descr. Brit. doth in some sort tax our English Nobility for it, for living in the country so much, and too frequent use of it, as if they had no other means but Hawking and Hunting to approve themselves Gentlemen with."

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f Omnino sudorem vitent. cap. 7. lib. 1., Valescus de Tar. * Exercitium si excedat, valde periculosum. Salust. Salvianus de remed. lib. 2. cap. 1. Camden in Staffordshire. Fridevallius lib. 1. cap. 2. optima omnium exercitatonu multi ab hac solummodo morbis liberati. Josephus Quercetanus diafect. polit. sect. 2. cap. 11. Inter omnia exercitia præstantiæ laudem meretur. Chyron in monte Pelio, præceptor heroum cos a morbis animi venationibus et puris cibis tuebatur. M. Tyrius. Nobilitas omnis fere urbes fastidit, castellis, et liberiore culo gaudet, generisq; dignitatem una maximè venatione, et alconum aucupiis tuctur.

Hawking