dead-dead under the eyes of those who had to the very last refused to extend towards her the hand of succour, and without giving Lady Mary the dread of seeing her endeavour to obtain a revocation of the decree that had been pronounced-dead, while leaving to her a victory complete and final.

"There was an instant of solemn silence. No one moved or spoke. Death bows down the proudest brow. Lady Mary and Lord Kysington bent their knees by the bedside of their victim. After the expiration of some minutes his Lordship rose up and said to me: 'Remove the child from the chamber of his mother, and follow me, Doctor; I will explain to you my intentions in regard to him.'

"For two hours William had lain upon the shoulder of Eva Meredith, his heart placed on her heart, his lips upon her lips,

receiving by turns her kisses and her tears. I approached William, and without addressing to him any useless words, endeavoured to lift him up and remove him from the chamber; but William resisted, and his arms clasped more strongly his mother to his heart. This resistance, the first that the poor child had ever shown to any one since he made his appearance on earth, profoundly touched my heart. Nevertheless I renewed my efforts. This time William yielded; he made a movement, and as he turned towards me I could see his beautiful countenance inundated with tears. Up to this day William had never shed tears. A lively emotion came over me, and I allowed the child to throw himself again on the body of his mother.

"Bring him along,' said Lord James. "My lord, he is weeping,' I exclaimed. 'Oh, suffer his tears to flow.

"Ileant towards the child; I heard him sob. "William, my dear William,' I said anxiously to him, taking his hand in mine, ' wherefore dost thou weep, William?' For the second time the boy turned his eyes towards me; then with a gentle look full of

sorrow

"My mother is dead!' he said.

"I have not words to tell you how I felt. William's eyes were now intelligent, his tears were sad, as it was not by chance they fell, and the sound of his voice was broken, as of one whose heart is afflicted. I uttered a cry; I threw myself on my knees by the side of Eva's bed.

"Oh, you were right, Eva,' I said to her, in not despairing of the goodness of Heaven!'

"Lord James himself started, while Lady Mary was pale as the dead Eva.

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My mother! my mother!' cried William, in accents that filled my heart with joy. Then repeating the words of Eva Meredith-those words which she had well said he would find in the depths of his heart-the child went on in a loud voice"I am dying, my child; your father, too, is dead; you are alone upon the earth! You must pray to God!'

"I laid my hand gently on William's shoulder, to make him bend and place himself on his knees; he knelt down this time, all alone, without direction, joined together his two trembling hands, and raising to heaven a look full of animation, murmured, 'My God! have pity upon me!'

"I bent over Eva, and took her cold hand. Oh, mother! mother of many sorrows,' I exclaimed; 'hearest thou thy child? Behold him from on high! Be happy; thy son is saved, poor woman, thou who so often wept for him!'

"Eva,-stretched out dead as she was at the feet of Lady Mary,-this time, at least, made her rival tremble; since it was not I who led William from the chamber-it was Lord Kysington who bore off his grandson in his arms.

"What shall I say, ladies? William recovered his reason, and departed with his grandfather. Some time after, being reinstated in his rights, he became the sole heir to the family property. Science has collected several rare instances of intelligence being reanimated by a violent moral shock. Thus, then, the fact. I have

related to you finds its natural solution. But the good women of the village who had attended Eva Meredith during her illness, and who heard her fervent prayers, are convinced that, according to what she asked of heaven, the soul of the mother has passed into the body of her child.

"She was so good,' our villagers say, that you could refuse her nothing.' This artless belief became an established one throughout the country. No one lamented Mrs. Meredith as one dead.

"She still lives,' said the inhabitants of the hamlet. Speak to her son, and it is she who will answer you.'

"So, when Lord William Kysington, now become the possessor of his grandfather's wealth, sends every year abundant alms to the village that saw his own birth and his mother's death, the poor exclaim

-See how the kind spirit of Mrs. Meredith still thinks of us. Ah! when she goes to heaven, the wretched will have good cause to complain!'

"It is not to her tomb that we carry flowers, but to the steps of the altar, where she often prayed that Heaven would send her soul to her son. depositing their bouquets of wild flowers, the villagers say amongst themselves

While

"When she prayed so fervently, Heaven answered her directly, "I will give your spirit to your son!"

"Our Curé has left to the peasants this touching belief; and as for myself even, when Lord William came to see me in the village, when he fixed on me his glance, so like his mother's, when his voice, in that well-known accent, said to me just as Mrs. Meredith used to do, Dear Doctor, I thank you,' then-smile ladies, if you willI wept, and I believed with all the village, that Eva Meredith was there before me!

In

"This woman, whose existence was but one long misery, has left after her death a sweet consoling memory, which has nothing in it painful for those who loved her. thinking of her, one reflects on the mercy of God; and whoever has some hopes in the very depths of his heart, trusts with a sweeter confidence.

"But it is very late, ladies-your carriage has been some time waiting for you at the entrance. Excuse my long story: at my age one does not know how to be brief in speaking of the memories of our youth.

Forgive an old man for having made you smile on his arrival, and weep after you had listened to him."

These last words were spoken in a very gentle and paternal tone, while a half smile flitted over the lips of Doctor Barnaby. Everyone came up to him, and they began a thousand thanks; but Dr, Barnaby rose up and directed his steps towards his ridingcoat of puce-coloured taffeta, that he had laid down on an arm-chair; and while one of his young auditors helped him on with it, "Adieu, gentlemen; adieu, ladies," said the village Doctor; "my chaise is at the door. The night has come on, the road is bad. Good evening-I must go."

When Doctor Barnaby was installed in his cabriolet of green osiers, and the little gray horse, tickled by the whip, was on the point of setting off, Madam de Moncan came forward with animation; and with one foot placed on the step of the carriage, and leaning towards Doctor Barnaby, said, very low, quite low

"Doctor, I make you a present of the White House; and I will have it fitted up just as it was when you loved Eva Meredith."

Then she ran in. The carriage and the little green chaise departed in different directions-and thus ends our story,

CHILDREN.

THERE is great diversity among children. Some are habitually superficial. I have heard of a Scotch lad, who, on being asked who made him, "Hout, mon, I was na made -I just grew up."

The celebrated Pascal, on the contrary, was a philosopher even in childhood. At a very early age, he was taught the ten commandments. For several days after, he was observed to be measuring the growth of a blade of grass. When asked the meaning of this, he replied "The fourth commandment says, 'Six days shalt thou labour, but the seventh is the Sabbath, in which thou shalt do no work.' Now I wished to ascertain if nature obeyed this great law, and therefore measured the grass, to see if it grew as much on Sunday as on other days,"

There are children who seem to be endowed with sublime thoughts even at a very

Some children display an early relish for wit or humour. I have heard of a little boy, who, on seeing a man at work whitewashing a wall, was observed to smile. "Why do you smile?" said a bystander. "Don't you see," said the boy, "that he is lathering the wall; and when he has done, I suppose he will shave it."

Other children get into the habit of taking sound for sense, and this, if indulged, leads to ridiculous absurdities. I recollect a lad at school who in this way became a sort of oracle, and could readily answer the profoundest questions. One of his companions happening to meet with the word "fortification," asked him the meaning of it. Fortification," said the oracle-"fortification-why, it's two twentyfications, to be sure."

An early turn for sarcastic retort is manifested by some children. Mr. Goodrich mentions that he once heard of a boy who, being rebuked by a clergyman for neglecting to go to church, replied, that he would go if he could be permitted to change his seat. "But why do you wish to change your seat?" said the minister. "You see," replied the boy, "I sit over the opposite side of the meeting-house, and between me and you there's Lady Vicars and Mary Staples, and half-a-dozen other women, with their mouths wide open, and they get all the best of the sermon, and when it comes to me it's pretty poor stuff."

Some years since I visited the infant school of Wilderspin. It consisted of some two hundred children, all belonging to the poorest classes. They were accustomed to enter the school-room through an alley six feet wide. In the centre, of this, Wilderspin placed a mountain daisy, in a flower-pot, and directed the scholars not to disturb it. For several months the little flower re mained untouched by a careless foot or a wanton hand! Such power can be acquired in the government of children.

But we must trust sometimes to the in nate consciousness of right implanted in them by nature.

PRACTICAL INSTRUCTIONS IN THE ART OF PHOTOGRAPHY,

CHAPTER V.

LIGHT AND ITS PROPERTIES.

rise gradually until the water is level with the edge of the jar.

[The water is poured upon the money, which then appears to lie at K in the line EL K.]

The phenomenon you have just witnessed is thus explained: when the water was

PROVE THAT LIGHT IS REFRACTED-ANGLES OF REFRACTION-EFFECTS OF REFRACTION

BY PRISMS-HOW TO CONSTRUCT A SIMPLE AND ECONOMICAL PRISM-EXPERIMENTS

WITH PRISMS TO DEMONSTRATE THE REFRACTION OF LIGHT-CONSTRUCTION OF A PRISM EXPLAINED.

23. WHEN a ray of light passes from one medium into another of a different density, it is turned out of its original course, and is then said to be refracted, the amount of refraction being proportional to the density of the medium. * In passing from a rarer into a denser medium it is refracted or bent towards the perpendicular; but when it passes from a denser into a rarer medium it is refracted from the perpendicular. 24. We will try some simple experiments prove the refraction of light. [Experiment 3.] Here is an empty jar (A BCD in Fig. 8). We will now place a shilling at

to

C

Fig. 8.

the bottom of the jar, and you must direct your eye (E) in such a manner as just to see the edge of the shilling, while the rest of it is hidden by the rim of the jar (as at OGE). If water be now poured into the jar so gently as not to disturb the shilling, you will observe the money will appear to

A medium is any transparent space through which light passes, such as water, air, glass, or even empty space. Density signifies the quantity of matter which a body contains, and is associated with weight; for example, a cubic inch of lead is more dense than the same quantity of wood. rarer medium naturally explains itself, signifying a thinner, or not so dense a medium.

A

fraction took place (at L), from the perpendicular (PQ), and therefore the ray of light thus diverted from its original course (Ŏ G E), took another direction (O L E), and entering the eye (at E), the money appeared to be in another place (at K, in the Îine E L K).

[Experiment 4]. Here is a tumbler of water (a, Fig. 9), and you will see that when this paper-knife (bd) is placed in it that it will immediately appear to be bent (from e, as seen in Fig. 9, be c).

it

[The experiment is performed, and the refraction of the light takes place as emerges from the water, so that the paper-knife appears as if it were broken ate.]

Fig. 9,

25. The angles of refraction are the angles of incidence, and the angle of refraction."

26. The angle of incidence, in refraction as in reflection, is the angle which the incident ray (Fig. 10, a i) makes with the perpendicular (p e), which cuts the point of incidence (i)..

27. The angle of refraction is the angle made by the refracted ray (i r) with the P

e

Fig. 10.

remaining portion of the perpendicular (i e) at the point of incidence (i).

28. The plane of refraction is that which passes through the refracted ray (ir), and above the perpendicular (p e).

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29. The plane of incidence is that which passes through the incident ray (a i), and the perpendicular (p e) at the point of incidence.

30. The amateur photographist who does not comprehend the terms used in Trigonometry will not feel interested in our giving the relations existing between the angle of incidence and the angle of refraction, and it would be equally useless to mention to the scientific reader the relation in which the sine of the angle of refraction stands to the sine of the angle of incidence in different substances; it would be like teaching a philosopher his alphabet. We make these remarks because some of our readers may consider that we have not entered sufficiently into the subject of refraction; and as we know that many others are anxiously awaiting the period when our manipulations will commence, we shall therefore devote a greater space in each number to the consideration of the elementary portion of Photography, so as to place our amateur readers in possession of the necessary scientific portion of the subject as early as possible.

31. Some important optical effects may be demonstrated by refracting light with a prism, as we have already seen (§ 10.)

*

In order to prosecute these experiments with advantage, we have the prism fastened to a brass stand (b Fig 12, and s Fig. 13) fitted with a ball and Fig. 13. socket-joint (c Figs. 12 and 13), so that it can be turned in any direction. By pushing the rod

Fig. 12.

A simple kind of prism may be constructed by any person, by providing two slips of common window glass (a a Fig. 11), and affixing them to a lump of soft bees-wax (e), so that the necessary angle is formed, and the ends of the strips are held together by a similar piece of wax at either end; after which some pure water (b) is poured into the trough thus formed. By this means, some of the most beautiful experiments in connexion with light may be illustrated and tested by the most juvenile of our readers.

Fig. 11.

(a, Fig. 13) up or down the tubular stand (s, Fig. 13) into which it is inserted, it may be raised to any height, and retained in the required position by means of a screw (b, Fig. 13), and, at the same time, the ball and socket-joint (c, Figs. 12 and 13) will allow it to be inclined to any degree.

32. If the prism is placed in such a manner that the refracting edge is directed upwards, on looking through it you will observe two remarkable phenomena all objects appearing to be raised from their proper position. But let us examine for ourselves. [Experiment 5.] Here is the

E

Fig. 14.

a

prism(b,Fig. 14), and on bringing the eye (E) into the proper position, and looking at

the silver spoon placed below (a), it will appear to be raised considerably above (a). You also observe that it has coloured edges, so have all objects seen in this manner (§ 10, 11, and 12). Now, if the refracting edge had been directed downwards, the spoon would have appeared to be removed still further downwards; and had the prism been placed vertically, the spoon would have been displaced to the left or right, just as we directed the refracting edge* towards the object observed.

33. From what we have seen (§ 32) it appears that all objects observed through a prism appear to be removed towards the direction of the refracting edge.

34. If a prism is made of a strongly refracting substance, it will cause the rays of light to deviate much more than if the same shaped prism was constructed of a substance possessing less refractive power.

35. The rays of light will be refracted more or less according to the difference of the refracting angle of the prism. For example, if its angle be 60°, the deviation of the rays of light will be greater than if the angle were only 30°, and so on.

* The different parts of a prism may be thus explained. The base is any one of its surfaces opposite to one of its refracting edges, whether real or imaginary; its refracting angle is the angle made by any two surfaces of its body; its edge is the line in which its surfaces intersect, or would intersect each other, if their boundary lines were prolonged.