The Writings of George Washington: Life of Washington - George Washington, Jared Sparks - كتب Google

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CONTENTS

TWELVE VOLUMES.

VOLUME I.

LIFE OF WASHINGTON.

Origin of the Washington Family. - John and Lawrence Wash-

ington emigrate to America. — Birth of George Washington. — His

early Education. His Fondness for mathematical Studies and

athletic Amusements, and his methodical Habits. A Project

formed for his entering the British Navy as a Midshipman. — He

becomes a practical Surveyor. Engages in the Employment of

Lord Fairfax. Continues the Business of Surveyor for three

Years. Appointed Adjutant of one of the Districts in Virginia.

- Voyage to Barbadoes with his Brother.

The French make Encroachments on the Western Frontiers of Vir-

ginia. - Claims of the French and English to the Western Terri-

tory considered. — Major Washington is sent by the Governor of

Virginia to warn the Intruders to retire. - Crosses the Allegany

Mountains. Meets Indians on the Ohio River, who accompany

him to the French Garrison. - Indian Speech. Interviews with

the French Commander. - Perilous Adventures during his Jour-

ney, and in crossing the Allegany River.- Returns to Williams-

burg and reports to the Governor. — His Journal published. — He

is appointed to the Command of Troops to repel the Invasion of

the Frontiers. — Governor Dinwiddie.

Military Preparations. - Washington appointed Lieutenant Colonel.

Marches to the Allegany Mountains. Joined by Parties of

Indians. Skirmish with a French Detachment under Jumonville.

-The Chief Command devolves on Colonel Washington. His

generous Sentiments respecting the Terms of Service. - Fort

Necessity. Battle of the Great Meadows. - Resigns his Com-

mission. Engages in the Expedition under General Braddock.

Difficulties encountered by the Army in its March. — Battle of the

Monongahela. — Its disastrous Results. — Bravery and good Con-

duct of Colonel Washington in that Action. His prudent Advice

to General Braddock.

Colonel Washington appointed Commander-in-chief of the Virginia

Forces. Distresses of the Frontier Inhabitants. - Reforms in the

Arrangement and Discipline of the Army. - Difficulties with an

Officer holding a King's Commission concerning Rank. - Wash-

ington visits General Shirley at Boston upon this Subject. — His

Claim confirmed. - Returns and repairs to his Head-quarters at

Winchester. - Embarrassments of his Situation.—Testimonies of

Confidence in his Character and Ability. — Occurrences of the

Campaign. Incursions of the Savages.- Plan of Fortifications

for the Interior. - Fort Cumberland. - Memorial presented by

Colonel Washington to the Earl of Loudoun on the State of Milita-

ry Affairs in Virginia.
. 71

Governor Dinwiddie sails for England. - An Expedition against Fort

Duquesne planned by the British Ministry, to be under the Com-

mand of General Forbes. - The Virginia Army augmented, and

united with the Regular Troops in this Enterprise. Colonel

Washington marches to Fort Cumberland. - Acts in Concert with

Colonel Bouquet. — Joins the main Army at Raystown under

General Forbes. - Forms a Plan of March suited to the Moun-

tains and Woods. Commands the advanced Division of the

Army. — Capture of Fort Duquesne. — He returns to Virginia,

resigns his Commission, and retires to private Life.

Washington's Marriage.

-

For many Years a Member of the Vir-
ginia House of Burgesses. His Pursuits and Habits as a Planter.
- A Vestryman in the Church, and active in Parish Affairs. — His
Opinion of the Stamp Act. Takes an early and decided Stand
against the Course pursued by the British Government towards the
Colonies. - Joins heartily in all the Measures of Opposition. — His
Services in procuring the Lands promised to the Officers and Sol-

-

diers in the French War. - Performs a Tour to the Ohio and Ken-
hawa Rivers for the Purpose of selecting those Lands.-Takes an
active Part at different Times in the Proceedings of the Virginia
Legislature in defending the Rights of the Colonies. — His Opin-
ions on this Subject. - Chosen to command several Independent
Companies of Militia. -A Delegate to the first and second Vir-
ginia Conventions. - A Member of the Continental Congress. . 105

Meeting of the second Congress. - Washington chosen Commander-

in-chief of the Continental Army. - Repairs to Cambridge, and

takes the Command. — State of the Army.— His Intercourse with

Congress. Numerous Affairs devolve on him. — Correspondence

with General Gage. - The Expedition to Quebec.- Councils of

War respecting an Assault on Boston. - Organization of a new

Continental Army. Difficulties of procuring Recruits. - Militia

called out. - Maritime Affairs. - Armed Vessels.- General Howe

takes Command of the British Army.— Condition of the American

Army at the End of the Year. Washington's Arrangement of

his private Affairs.

Plans for an Attack on Boston. Condition of the Army. - Dor-

chester Heights fortified. — Evacuation of Boston. - Troops march

to New York. - Washington repairs to Congress. — His Views in

Regard to the State of the Country. — Machinations of the Tories,

and Measures taken to defeat them. - Declaration of Indepen-

dence. Arrival of Lord Howe, with Proposals for a Reconcilia-

tion with the Colonies. Mode of addressing Letters to Washing-

ton attempted by the British Admiral and General.— Strength and

Condition of the two Armies. — Battle of Long Island. — Remarks

on the Battle.- Impression made by it on the American Army

New York evacuated, and the British take Possession of the City.

- The American Army posted at Haerlem Heights and Fort

Washington. Situation and Prospects of the Army. Its new

Organization. The British land in Westchester County, and

march into the Country. Washington advances to White Plains

and forms an Encampment, Battle of Chatterton's Hill. - Part

of the American Army crosses the Hudson. Capture of Fort

Washington and Fort Lee.-General Washington retreats through

New Jersey, and crosses the Delaware at Trenton. - Conduct and

B*

Character of General Lee. Reduced State of the Army.- Re-

inforced by Troops from Ticonderoga. — General Washington in-

vested with extraordinary Powers by Congress. His Manner of

using them. He recrosses the Delaware. Battle of Trenton.

Battle of Princeton. The Army goes into Winter-Quarters at

Morristown. - Remarks on these Events.

General Washington's Proclamation. — His Preparations for the next

Campaign. Exchange of Prisoners. - Condition of the Ameri-

can Prisoners in New York. - Military Operations in New Jersey.

-The Army crosses the Delaware and encamps near German-

- Washington's first Interview with Lafayette. - Sir Wil-

liam Howe lands at the Head of Elk.— Battle of the Brandywine.

New Powers conferred on Washington by Congress.- Battle of

Germantown. Skirmishes at Whitemarsh. - Sufferings of the

Army. - Winter Encampment at Valley Forge. - Spurious Letters

written and circulated in the name of Washington. - Conway's

Cabal. Persons concerned in it. — Honorable and generous Con-

duct of Lafayette in Relation to this Affair.

Sufferings of the Army at Valley Forge. - New Arrangements con-

certed with a Committee of Congress. - Half-pay granted to the

Officers for a Term of Years. Proceedings in Regard to Lord

North's conciliatory Bills.-Arrival of the French Treaties of

Alliance and Commerce. Comparative Strength of the British

and American Armies. Discussions respecting an Attack on

Philadelphia. - Plans of the Enemy. - Evacuation of Philadelphia.

-The Army crosses the Delaware. Battle of Monmouth. -

Arrest and Trial of General Lee. - Arrival of the French Fleet

under Count d'Estaing. — Plans for combined Operations between

the Fleet and the American Army. Failure of an Attempt

against the Enemy at Rhode Island. Cantonments of the Army

for the Winter. - Exchange of Prisoners. - Congress. — Project

of an Expedition to Canada.

Conferences with a Committee of Congress, and Plans for the next

Sullivan's Expedition against the Indians.

Enemy commence a predatory Warfare. -The Burning of New

Haven, Fairfield, and Norwalk. - Stony Point stormed and taken.

Successful Enterprise against Paulus Hook. — Washington's

Interviews with the French Minister. Plans proposed for co-

-

operating with Count d'Estaing. - The Army goes into Winter-

Quarters. Depreciation of the currency, and its effects.— Arrival

of the Marquis de Lafayette, with the Intelligence that a French

Armament was on its Way to the United States.

takes a Position near Hudson's River. - The French Squadron

arrives at Newport. Count de Rochambeau's Instructions. —

French Fleet blockaded. — Interview between General Washing-

ton and the French Commander at Hartford. The Treason of

Arnold. Plans for attacking New York.

Mutiny of the Pennsylvania and New Jersey Troops.-Agency of

Washington in procuring Supplies from France. - Limited Powers

of Congress. Operations of the Enemy in the Chesapeake.-

Detachment to Virginia under Lafayette. - General Washington

visits Count de Rochambeau at Newport.-Condition of the Army.

-Interview between the American and French Commanders at

Weathersfield. Plan of Operations. A combined Attack on

New York proposed.—Junction between the American and French

Armies. Intelligence from Count de Grasse in the West Indies

changes the Objects of the Campaign. — Successful Operations

of Lafayette against Cornwallis. — The combined Armies cross

the Hudson and march to Virginia. — The Fleet of Count de

Grasse enters the Chesapeake.-Siege of Yorktown. - Capitu-

lation. The American Army returns to Hudson's River; the

French remains in Virginia.
. 346

Preparations for another Campaign recommended and enforced by

General Washington and approved by Congress. - Lafayette re-

turns to France. -The Affair of Captain Asgill. - Backwardness

of the States in recruiting the Army.- Proposal to General Wash-

ington to assume Supreme Power, and his Reply. - Sir Guy

Carleton gives Notice, that Negotiations for Peace had begun.—

The French Troops march from Virginia, join General Washington,

and afterwards embark at Boston. - Dissatisfaction of the Army.

-The Officers send a Memorial to Congress. The anonymous

Addresses at Newburg. — Intelligence arrives, that a Treaty of

Peace had been signed at Paris.- General Washington's Senti-

ments concerning the civil Government of the Union. - His Cir-

cular Letter to the States. He makes a Tour to the North.-

Repairs to Congress at the Request of that Body. - His Farewell

Address to the Army. - The British evacuate New York. - Wash-

ington resigns his Commission, and retires to private Life at Mount

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