vented his sorrows when in exile among the Sarmatians.

"When rest and sleep their medicine prepare,
Vainly I hope the night devoid of care;
Then dreams which copy real woes revive
My grief, and every sense to sorrow is alive.
I seem to shrink from the Sarmatian spears,
Or raise my hands to chains with captive tears;
Or soothed to happier scenes my mind regains
My long deserted seat and native plains;
With you, my friends, sweet converse I maintain,
Or thee, beloved, to my bosom strain."

The learned and engaging Sir Henry Wotton in a survey of education, speaking of a child, says, "Let not his very dreams be neglected, for without question there is a great analogy between these apprehensions which he hath taken by day into his fancy, and the nocturnal impressions, particularly in that age which is not yet troubled with the fumes and cares of the world, so as the soul hath a freer and more defecated operation*.

See Reliquiæ Wottonianæ.

This recurrence of images which have previously engaged the mind, is also neatly expressed by Claudian.

"Whate'er by day our contemplation views,
Sweet sleep's reflection in the night renews;
Scarce on his bed the wearied sportsman lies,
Than back into the woods his fancy flies.
In dreams the judge decrees, the charioteer
Guides round the goal his courser's swift career,
Softly the lover treads. The merchant deals,
The miser starting for his treasure feels.
Sleep to the thirsty land, in fruitless dreams,
Draws from ideal springs refreshing streams;
Me too the Muses, in the silent night
With arts seductive, to their haunts invite

The connection between our waking and our sleeping thoughts appears from the curious circumstance of our dreaming often that we do dream, which results from the conviction that we have before been deceived.

* Omnia quæ sensu, &c. Claud. pref. iii.

It is remarkable that the mind when we dream is the theatre of action, and at the same time the agent, the whole mimic scene is a fictitious world collected in the mind, in which objects and persons, as actors and spectators, are multiplied with endless fertility of imagination. St. Basil represents dreams to be the vestiges of our daily thoughts, and observes that our reflections and discourse generate correspondent circumstances in sleep. It is certain that the mind after the storm and convulsion of disturbed passions, continues long like the troubled sea when it cannot rest, of which the waters cast up mire and dirt *. This is very sensibly experienced by persons whose affections are agitated by love, their sleep being generally harassed by the hopes and fears which distract them when awake, and tormented by those dreams, of which Dido complains, finding, like her, that the words and features of the beloved object

Isaiah lvii. 20.

"Are deep imprinted in the anxious breast,

And care precludes the wearied limbs from rest *."

As, on the other hand, the visions of the sanguine or favoured lover present to him the object of his affections, though, perhaps, when he awake he must embrace a cloud..

Dugald Stewart justly observes, that as a proof that the succession of our thoughts in dreaming is influenced by our prevailing habits of association, it may be remarked that the scenes and occurrences which most frequently present themselves to the mind while asleep, are the scenes and occurrences of childhood and early youth. The facility of association is then much greater than in more advanced years, and although during the day the memory of the events thus associated may be banished by the objects and pursuits which press upon our senses, it retains a more permanent hold of the mind than any of our subsequent ac

* Hærent infixi, &c.

quisitions; and like the knowledge which we possess of our mother tongue is, as it were, interwoven and incorporated with all its most essential habits. Accordingly in old men, whose thoughts are in a great measure disengaged from the world, the transactions of their middle age, which once seemed so important, are often obliterated, while the mind dwells as in a dream on the sports and companions of their infancy *.

On this subject Mr. Schwab, who is professor of philosophy in the university Caroline of Stutgard, remarks with ingenious illustration, that the vivacity of strong sensations continues an impression after the cause which gave birth to it is removed, as a circle of fire is presented by a burning coal that is turned round with rapidity +.

* Elements of the Philosophy of Human Mind, C. 5.

+ See Essai sur la Reduction des Facultes de l'Ame dans les nouveaux Memoires de l'Academie des Sciences, et des Belles Lettres a Berlin, A. D. 1785.