of its courfe. In point of force, fhips of the first rate had advanced from fifty to fixty, and afterwards to 100 guns. The fhip intended for diftant voyages, and that which was deftined for the humbler occupation of domeftic commerce, all became augmented in proportion to the ranks they refpectively held in the maritime world, and the very boats or skiffs participated in the general prevailing principle. In short, Britain, which had long afpired to the dominion of the Seas, now appeared in carneft, as to the establishment of her claim beyond the power of competition or rival hip; and must have effected it, if the civil commotions had not intervened. The wonderful attention of Louis the XIVth, King of France, to the formation of a Navy; the means by which he effected it; his defign to erect France into a maritime Power that might awe all Europe; the ftate of his fleet in 168 and in 1689; the invention of bomb-ketches by an ob. fcure Frenchman, which effected the deftruction of Algiers, and the fubmillion of Tripoli, Tunis, and Genoa; with the rapid augmentation and fuccefs of the Navy of the Grand Monarch, and the as rapid decline of the naval confequence of France; are the chief fubjects of Chapter XII.

The United Provinces, commonly called Holland, had acquired, about the middle of the feventeenth century, a maritime confequence far exceeding that of any fingle nation in the univerfe. Their commerce had extended itfelf into the most diftant quarters of the world: they poffeffed a Navy apparently fufficient to advance their interefts to the utmolt poffible extent, and to punith the mallest encroachment that might be attempted by the envy or rival hip of any other country what ever. Amfterdam was at that time confidered, with the greatest truth, as the emporium of all Europe, and was indifputably the cheft city in the world. The rife, progrefs, and decline, therefore, of their Marine, is hiftorically detailed in the thirteenth Chapter, which comprites, alfo, an account of the Confederacy catered into between Holland and England againft France; the conduct of the States General during the war; and a lift of the Dutch fhips employed, amounting in all to ninety-two fail, fourteen of which were first rates; nineteen fecond rates, the fmallest of which carried fixty-eight,

and the reft feventy-two guns; the third rates, confifting of the fame num ber of fhips as the fecond, had fixtyfour and fixty; and the smallest of the fourth rates mounted fifty, and were reckoned line of battle hips; fo that they brought forward for the fervice of the confederacy feventy fail of the line, besides feveral other large two deckers.

Chapter XIV. opens with a statement of the Ruffian Marine at the middle of the feventeenth century, which was very contemptible compared with the leaft of the maritime countries of Europe. "The first mention," fays our Author, "of a flotilla which can con. vey an idea of any naval equipment whatever belonging to Ruffia, was in the year 1669, on occafion of the dreadful rebellion excited by StencoRazi, Chief of the Dow Coffacks, against the Czar Alexis Michaelowitz, the father of Peter the Great. Alexis, however, laid the foundation of a Marine, and Peter made fuch a progress in it, that he fent a fleet of fifty fail of the line into the Palus Maotis against the Turks. The Rufian armament befieged Azoff in 1696, and after repeated aflaults, and a very obftinate defence, it was compelled to furrender. This fuccefs was the forerunner of his wellknown naval career, which ended in the complete eftablishment of a new maritime Power in the North of Europe, fufficiently formidable to alarm the jealousy of the Danes and Swedes, and to excite the former to raise a Navy fuperior to all the Northern maritime Powers. Hamburgh, Lubeck, and even the States-General, enter tained apprehenfions of the hoftile intentions of Chriftian, King of Denmark, who, in alliance with Louis XIV. obliged the Dutch to fubmit to fuch terms of peace as he thought proper to impofe. The attention of the famous Chriftina, Queen of Sweden, to her Marine, and the naval events in that country from the year 1550 to the conclufion of the century, terminate this Chapter.

Another retrofpe&t to the naval tranfactions of Great Britain from the death of Charles I. to that of Cromwell, includes the conqueft of Jamaica, and the total deftruction of the Spanish Plate Fleet in the harbour of Teneriffe, which are the most striking events recorded in Chapter XV. The state of the British Navy from the Restoration

to the Revolution; the operations of our fleets in the Mediterranean, and during the war with Holland, which commenced in 1665; the appointment of a new Navy Bard, with their report to the Duke of York on the meatures necellary to be taken for the further improvement and civil management of the Navy; and a lift of all the thips added to it from the time of the Revolution to the conclusion of the century, containing the names, force, and prin. cipal dimentions of fuch hips, with brief remarks, on a comparative view of their force and tonnage, are the fubjects of Chapter XVI.

Chapter XVII. contains an account of the active meafures taken by King William III. to augment the Britith Navy; the hiftory of the engagements, expeditions, and other marine affairs; the regulations in the civil department and management of the Navy propofed by Sir Cloudesley Shovel; and amongit other calculations and eftimates, it appears, that at the time of the general peace concluded at Ryfwick between France and England, highly advantageous to the latter and her allies, in 1697, fifty-four new hips of the line had been launched fince the acceffion of King William; and that the moft unremitting perfeverance, not only in refitting, but alfo in augmenting, the Royal Navy, had been refolutely adhered to, although the people murmured at the impolts which the extraordinary expences of thole mea. fures occafioned."

In the eighteenth and laft Chapter of this Volume, the principles of Marine Architecture adopted by the different maritime nations at the clofe of the feventeenth century are amply dif cuffed; and scientific obfervations by our Author, on the improvements made by England in the construction of fhips of war; with calculations of the actual tonnage, dimentions, &c. of fhips of every clafs; and various other matters; form together a kind of recapitulation of the different fyttems that have prevailed in the art of thip-build

Defigns to a Series of Ballads written by William Hayley, Efq. and founded on Anecdotes relating to Animals, drawn, engraved, and published, by William Blake. With the Ballads annexed by the Author's Permifion. Two Numbers. 4to. Printed at Chichester.

ing, and much useful information, which clofes the Volume with great propriety.

In addition to the engravings already noticed, the following representations are given of the thips of Spain, France, Holland, and England, copied from drawings made by Vandevelde, as is fuppofed, on good authority, about the year 1670. A Spanish Second-rate. A French Second-rate. A Dutch Second-rate. An English Second-rate of the maller claís. The Hollandia, a Dutch Firit-rate 1688; and Le Soleil Royale, a French Firit-rate 1692.

The Speaker, an English Second-rate 1653, and a Spanish thip of 50 guns.

Stern of the Royal Charles, a Firstrate 1673. Side view of the fame thip. Midthip fection of a Fourth-rate 1684. Projection, horizontal lines, and theerdraught, of twelve British thips, of different clafles, built at fundry times in the courie of the feventeenth cen tury. The above belong to the con cluding Chapters; befides which are the following at the beginning, from page 7 to page 24.

A Genoele Carrack (1542). Midhip fections of a thip of war built at Venice 1550; and a modern frigate, with a theoretical projection, pointing out the imperfections of the firit, and the method of remedying them. Draught of a Galley built in the fourteenth century; and of a Venetian Galleas ufed at the battle of Lepanto. Draught of a Felucca built at the commencement of the eighteenth century, and the projection of a modern Maltese Galley. Draught and hori zontal fection of a modern Maltefe Galley. A Venetian Galleon (1564), and a Ship belonging to the Spanish Armada. The Prince Royal, built by King James I. (1610), and given by him to his eldest fon, Henry Prince of Wales. The principal Engravers are the fame as mentioned in our Review of the First Volume. M.

(The concluding Review of Vol. III. of this

Splendid Work in our next.)

IT appears by the Preface to this work, that Mr. Hayley is now busily employed in rendering an affectionate tribute of justice to the memory of Cowper the Poet, and that Mr. Blake has devoted himself with indefatigable spirit to engrave the plates intended

to

to decorate the work. To amufe the artist in his patient labour, and to furnith his fancy with a few flight fubjects for an inventive pencil that might afford fome variety to his inceflant application, without too far interrupting his moft ferious bufinefs, Mr. Hayley propofed to furnish him with

a feries of ballads for a few vacant moments' employment, to be published periodically, and to be completed in fifteen numbers. Two of thefe are now before us. The fubjects, the gratitude of an elephant, and the heroifm of a mother in refcuing her child from the fangs of an eagle. The artift has executed his fhare of the undertaking much to his credit; and from Mr. Hayley's pen, though carelessly employed, the Public will not be difappointed in their expectation of elegant, chafte, and pathetic compofitions. To the inhabitants of Chichefter, where it is printed, this work is inscribed.

A Series of Plays: in which it is attempted to delineate the fronger Paffions of the Mind, each Paffion being the Subject of a Tragedy and a Comedy. By Joanna Baillie. Vol. II. 8vo.

In 1799, the ingenious Author of this volume gave the Public the firft Series of Plays, containing Count Bafil a tragedy, The Trial a comedy, and De Montfort a tragedy; the two former on the paffion of love, the latter on hatred, all of them poffeffing great merit, though not, as appeared by the trial of De Montfort at Drury lane Theatre, adapted to ftage reprefentation. The prefent volume is a continuation of the plan, and contains, The Election a comedy, Ethwald, two parts, a tragedy, and The Second Marriage a comedy: the first on the paffion of love; the others on that of ambition. Of the firft, the Author fays, the has endeavoured in it to fhew the paffion of hatred in a different fituation, and fostered by a different fpecies of provocation, from that which was exhibited in De Montfort, and exifting in a character of much less delicacy and referve. The next two claim our notice from the variety of fituations, the diftin&tnefs of character, and the force and energy of the language. In both thefe dramas, the Author has with great fuccefs trod in the steps of Shakspeare, and attempted to emulate the terrible alarms of Macbeth, and the captivating forrows of Ophelia. Both

pieces fhow the horrible exceffes to which minds naturally benevolent may be driven, and how little dependance can be placed on the best refolves, when encountered by this turbulent and overbearing paffion. The remaining piece gives a view of ambition as it is generally found in the ordinary intercourfe of life, excited by vanity rather than the love of power, and dif played in a character which is not fupported by the confcioufness of abilities adequate to its defigns. While we have been perusing this volume, we have frequently had occafion to regret, that a perfon whofe talents are fo well calculated to restore a true taste for the drama in the public mind should not employ herself in fome production for reprefentation, which would drive into obfcurity and oblivion the trash which at prefent ufurps the place of the legitimate drama.

Juvenile Friendship; or, The Holidays. A Drama in Three Acts. To which is fubjoined, The Arrogant Boy, a Dramatic Afterpiece, in Verfe, intended for the Reprefentation of Children. 8vo.

These pieces rank with the productions of the late Mr. John Newbery and Mrs. Trimmer. They inculcate fuch fentiments as are favourable to virtue, and therefore deferve to be recommended.

A Short View of the Natural Hiflory of the

Earth: Defigned for the Inftruction and Amufement of Young Perfons. By H. E. 12mo. pp. 108.

The Compiler of this little volume deferves our commendation for having familiarized the juvenile mind with the treafures hidden by Nature beneath the furface of the earth; and while his book furnishes, in this point of view, a fource of rational amufement and inftruction, it must frequently lead the reader into ferious contemplation on the wifdom, the power, and the goodnefs of God.

Brighton New Guide; or, A Defcription of Brightbelmfton, and the adjacent Country: To which is added, A correct Account of all the Cities, Towns, and Villages, from Dieppe to Paris.

Pp. 130.

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