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supplies; "presenting," to use the words of Hamilton, "the extraordinary spectacle of a powerful army straitened within narrow limits by the phantom of a military force, and never permitted to transgress those limits with impunity."

In fact, the recent operations in the Jerseys had suddenly changed the whole aspect of the war, and given a triumphant close to what had been a disastrous campaign.

The troops, which for months had been driven from post to post, apparently an undisciplined rabble, had all at once turned upon their pursuers and astounded them by brilliant stratagems and daring exploits. The commander, whose cautious policy had been sneered at by enemies, and regarded with impatience by misjudging friends, had all at once shown that he possessed enterprise as well as circumspection, energy as well as endurance, and that beneath his wary coldness lurked a fire to break forth at the proper moment. This year's campaign, the most critical one of the war, and especially the part of it which occurred in the Jerseys, was the ordeal that made his great qualities fully appreciated by his countrymen, and gained for him from the statesmen and generals of Europe the appellation of the AMERICAN FABIUS.

NOTES.

A GREAT many books are helpful to the study of any good author, and some are necessary. In the latter list for Irving are suggested: 1. A complete edition (revised) of Irving's works.

2. A good biography - not too long-e.g., "American Men of Letters." Washington Irving (Warner).

3. A good dictionary of the English language. The International; The Century if possible.

4. A good cyclopædia, the best within reach.

5. A good dictionary of biography.

In these notes Irving is made to interpret himself as far as possible; and it is hoped that, by reference to Irving himself, the teacher will be, in a manner, compelled to become acquainted with his works. If so, one object of this book will have been attained.

Another object of the book is the study of Irving's style, and upon this I will quote only Edward Everett's words:

"If any one wishes to study a style which possesses the characteristic beauties of Addison, its ease, simplicity, and elegance, with greater accuracy, point, and spirit, let him give his days and nights to the volumes of Irving."

PAGE 1. The Capture of New Amsterdam by the English. Compare the historical account in any good history of the United States.

P. 2. Pompeii, Troy, Paris, etc. It is assumed that all such evident historical references are either so well known to teachers, or so easily found, that no further attention will be paid to them in these notes.

Fort of Goed Hoop, Book III., Chapter IX., Knickerbocker's History of New York. Similar references are to the same book. Wouter Van Twiller, Book III., Chapter I. Peter Stuyvesant, Book V., Chapter I. P. 3. Amphictyons, Book IV., Chapter XII. Look up the term in dictionary and history. Antony Van Corlear, Book IV., Chapter IV. Calico Mare, piebald or spotted.

Manhattoes.

Chapter VI.

See Irving's etymology of the term, Book II.,

P. 4. Yankee empire. See Irving's humorous derivation of the word "Yankee." Book III., Chapter VII.

P. 9. Tarpeian Rock. Consult classical dictionary under "Tarpeia," and any history of Rome.

P. 12. Pythagoras. Consult classical dictionary.

Short Pipes and Long Pipes, Book IV., Chapter VIII.

P. 13. Windmill system, Book IV., Chapter IV.

P. 15. Put to the Question, examination by torture. See "Question," No. 8, Century Dictionary.

P. 21. William the Testy, Book IV., Chapter I.

P. 22. Rigmarole. Consult your dictionary.

Bell-the-cat, Archibald, Fifth Earl of Angus, "The Great Earl." Consult your history.

P. 23. Bronx. A river of Westchester Co., N.Y.

P. 24. Spyt den Duyvel. Spuyten Duyvil. See gazetteer. Paladin Orlando. Baldwin's Story of Roland, Adventure 32. See Roland in cyclopædia.

Roncesvalles. Consult your cyclopædia.

P. 25. Moss-bonker. Consult dictionary under moss-bunker. P. 26. Schepen. (Skāpen.) A Dutch magistrate corresponding nearly to an associate justice of a municipal court, or to an English alderman.

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P. 31. Prodigies recorded by Livy. Et per idem tempus Romae signum Martis Appia via ac simulacra luporum sudasse. Capras lanatas quibusdam factas, et gallinam in marem, gallum in feminam sese vertisse. (Livy XXII., 1.)

P. 32. Capture of Fort Christiana. Book VI., chapter VIII. P. 35. As did Pelayo. "Spanish papers." "Legend of Pelayo." P. 37. Diedrich Knickerbocker. See "Knickerbocker's His

tory of New York,' ," "Account of the Author." Also "The Historian," under " Dolph Heyliger," in this volume. For Irving's derivation of Knickerbocker, see Book VI., Chapter V.

P. 38. Waterloo Medal, honor, or Queen Anne's farthing, rarity.

P. 41. Galligaskins. Consult the dictionary.

P. 55. Antony's Nose. Book VI., Chapter IV.

P. 63. Christmas. Cf. Introduction to Sixth Canto, "Marmion." "Sir Roger in London," " Roger de Coverley Papers." This chapter study of Irving's essay style. Sherry, in Century Dictionary.

is a good example for the P. 67. Sherris sack. P. 68. Wassailings.

tury Dictionary.

Festivities, carousings. See wassail, Cen

Waits. See wait, 2, Century Dictionary.

P. 69. "Some say," etc. Hamlet, Act I., Scene I.
P. 71. Yorkshire. Consult map of England.

P. 73. Mystery. See mystery, 2, in Century Dictionary.
Like a cauliflower. Show the propriety of the figure.
P. 75. Cyclops. Why Cyclops?

Twelve days. Consult dictionary. "Twelfth Night," etc.

P. 76. Square it. See square, 5, Century Dictionary.

P. 78. Smoke-Jack. See Century Dictionary.

Deal table. See deal, 2, in Century Dictionary.

P. 83. Mongrel, puppy, etc. "Elegy on the Death of a Mad Dog," Goldsmith.

The little dogs and all. King Lear, Act III., Scene VI.

P. 84. Stone-shafted. Explain.

P. 85. Hoodman blind, etc. It would be interesting to explain

what these games were.

P. 88. Beaufet. An erroneous form of buffet, which see.

P. 90. Jumping with his humor. Explain it.

P. 92. Rigadoon. Consult the dictionary.

P. 96. Rejoice! our Saviour he was born. West of England carol, "I Saw Three Ships," "Open Sesame," Part II.

P. 98. "Tis thou that crown'st my glittering hearth. Herrick's" Noble Numbers." "A Thanksgiving to God for His House." P. 103. Black-letter. See Century Dictionary.

P. 110. Poor Robin. See Irving's note under "The Stage Coach."

P. 122. Roasted Crabs. "When roasted crabs hiss in the bowl." "Love's Labor's Lost," Act V., Scene 2. Cf. "Midsummer Night's Dream," Act II., Scene 1.

P. 135. See article "Stratford," in Cyclopædia Britannica. Also article"Shakspeare."

Shall I not take mine ease in mine inn?

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66

Henry IV.," part

Loretto," in American

"Tis a hundred to ten his soul is not saved:

If any man ask, Who lies in this tomb?

Ho! ho! quoth the Devil, 'tis my John-a-Combe."

Justice Shallow.

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"Merry Wives of Windsor," and

P. 157. To a last year's pippin. "Henry IV.," part 2, Act V., Scene 3.

66

P. 158. By Cock and Pye. See Irving's note, p. 120.

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P. 161. The Stout Gentleman. Read chapters, "The Hall," and Story Telling,' Bracebridge Hall." See "Tales of a Traveller," "The Great Unknown." Also the prefatory letter to Scott's "Peveril of the Peak."

P. 162. Benjamin. Consult Century Dictionary.

P. 165. Hipped. The meaning of the term?

P. 167. Slammerkin. Slamkin.

Nincompoop. Non compos.

Hunt. Very likely Leigh Hunt is meant.

P. 170. Belcher handkerchiefs. Consult the dictionary.

P. 172. Cabbaged. The propriety of the term?

P. 175. Of the old general's relating. See "Bracebridge Hall;" chapters, "An Old Soldier," and "Bachelors."

P. 177. Hogenmogens. The States-General. But see the word in the Century Dictionary.

P. 180. In chancery. In litigation in a court of equity.

P. 181. Curmudgeon. See the derivation.

Crone. Is this the common use of the word?

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