sides; and strongly impressed the imagination with the thought, that the hand of immeasurable power had rent asunder the solid rocks and tumbled them into the subjacent valley.

The power of faith was the subject of the preacher's discourse. Temperance promotes clearness and vigor of intellect.

Sir, we have done everything that could be done to avert the storm which is now approaching. We have petitioned; we have remonstrated; we have supplicated; we have prostrated ourselves before the throne, and implored its interposition to arrest the tyrannical hands of the ministry and parliament. Our petitions have been slighted; our remonstrances have produced additional violence and insult; our supplications have been disregarded; and we have been spurned with contempt from the foot of the throne.

RULE 2. Words used as exclamations and interjections, when attended with strong feeling or emotion, are generally emphatic.

EXAMPLES.

Up! let us to the fields away!

AWAKE! ARISE! or be forever fallen!

'Tis HORRIBLE! 't is HIDEOUS, as 't is HATEFUL!
But what have I to do with this?

Call me their traitor! Thou injurious tribune!
Within thine eyes sat twenty thousand deaths,
In thine hands clutched as many millions, in
Thy lying tongue both numbers; I would say
Thou LIEST unto thee, with a voice as free
As I do pray the gods.

RULE 3. In the utterance of successive particulars, and words which are repeated, the emphasis generally increases with the repetition.

I

EXAMPLES.

may be rebuked; I may be persecuted; I may be impeached; nay, IMPRISONED, CONDEMNED, and put to the RACK; yet NOTHING shall tear me from my firm hold on virtue.

Oh! save me, Hubert, SAVE me! my eyes are out,

Even with the fierce LOOKS of these bloody men!

Woe! WOE! to the riders that trample them down.

QUESTIONS. What is Rule Second? How are the words which are very emphatic represented in the examples? What is Rule Third?

For HEAVEN's sake, Hubert, let me not be bound!

While a single foreign troop remained on my native shore, I would never lay down my arms. Never, NEVER, NEVER.

Antithetic Emphasis.

ANTITHETIC EMPHASIS is the stress of voice placed upon words and sentences when in contrast.

This emphasis, in some instances, appears to result more from the antithetic relation of the words to each other than from any very prominent importance attached to their meaning.

RULE 4. Two or more words opposed to each other in meaning are emphatic by contrast.

EXAMPLES.

We ask advice, but we mean approbation.

He that cannot bear a jest should not make one.

We can do nothing against the truth, but for the truth.

I fear not death, and shall I, then, fear thee?

Justice appropriates rewards to merit, and punishment to crime. Business sweetens pleasure, as labor sweetens rest.

'T is with our judgments as our watches; none

Go just alike, yet each believes his own.

Many persons mistake the love for the practice of virtue.

A friend exaggerates a man's virtues; an enemy his crimes.

The Egyptians are men, and not gods; their horses are flesh, and not spirit.

The wise man is happy when he gains his own approbation; the fool when he gains that of others.

If his principles are false, no apology from himself can make them right; if founded in truth, no censure from others can make them wrong.

Though deep, yet clear; though gentle, yet not dull;
Strong, without rage; without o'erflowing, full.

Emphatic Clause.

EMPHATIC CLAUSE signifies that several words in succession are emphatic, forming a clause or phrase.

QUESTIONS. What is antithetic emphasis? What is the rule? What is emphatic clause 1

Clauses of this kind are subject to the same rules, that have been given under Absolute and Antithetic Emphasis, when applied to single words.

fame?

What was it, fellow-citizens, which gave to Lafayette his spotless The love of liberty. What has consecrated his memory, in the hearts of good men? The love of liberty. What nerved his youthful arm with strength, and inspired him, in the morning of his days, with sagacity and counsel? THE LIVING LOVE OF LIBERTY. To what did he sacrifice power, and rank, and country, and freedom itself? To THE LOVE OF LIBERTY PROTECTED BY LAW.

Antithetic Emphatic Clause.
(See Rule 4, page 20.)

EXAMPLES.

If these alone

Assist our flight, fame's flight is glory's fall.

I came not to baptize, but to preach the gospel.*

NOTE. In each of the following exercises, appended to the several general divisions of Part First, as miscellaneous, a part of each is marked to illustrate the rule to which reference is made, or to call the pupil's special attention to some important point in elocution; while the rest of the exercise is left without marks, to exercise the judg ment of the learner.

* A phrase is sometimes contrasted with a single word.

QUESTIONS. By what rules is Emphatic Clause governed? What three kinds of Emphatic Clause are given ?

EXERCISES ON EMPHASIS.

Exercise 1-Illustrating Rule 1, Page 18.

1. As I crossed the bridge over the Avon on my return, I paused to contemplate the distant church in which Shakspeare lies buried, and could not but exult in the malediction which has kept his ashes undisturbed in its quiet and hallowed vaults.

2. What honor could his name have derived from being mingled, in dusty companionship with the epitaphs, and escutcheons, and venal eulogiums of a titled multitude? What would a crowded corner in Westminster Abbey have been, compared with this reverend pile, which seems to stand in beautiful loneliness as his sole mausoleum! The solicitude about the grave may be but the offspring of an over-wrought sensibility; but human nature is made up of foibles and prejudices; and its best and tenderest affections are mingled with these factitious feelings.

3. He who has sought renown about the world, and has reaped a full harvest of worldly favor, will find, after all, that there is no love, no admiration, no applause, so sweet to the soul as that which springs up in his native place. It is there that he seeks to be gathered in peace and honor, among his kindred and his early friends. And when the weary heart and the failing head begin to warn him that the evening of life is drawing on, he turns as fondly as does the infant to its mother's arms, to sink to sleep in the bosom of the scene of his childhood.

4. How would it have cheered the spirit of the youthful bard, when, wandering forth in disgrace upon a doubtful world, he cast back a heavy look upon his paternal home, could he have foreseen, that, before many years, he should return to it covered with renown; that his name would become

the boast and the glory of his native place; that his ashes would be religiously guarded as its most precious treasure; and that its lessening spire, on which his eyes were fixed in tearful contemplation, would one day become the beacon, towering amidst the gentle landscape, to guide the literary pilgrim of every nation to his tomb.

Exercise 2-Illustrating Rule 1, Page 18.

1. My brave associates! — partners of my toil, my feelings, and my fame! Can Rolla's words add vigor to the virtuous energies which inspire your hearts?—No; you have judged, as I have, the foulness of the crafty plea by which these bold invaders would delude you. Your generous spirit has compared, as mine has, the motives which, in a war like this, can animate their minds and ours. They, by a strange frenzy driven, fight for power, for plunder, and extended rule; we, for our country, our altars, and our homes. They follow an adventurer whom they fear, and obey a power which they we serve a monarch whom we love. -a God whom

hate;
we adore.

2. Whenever they move to anger, desolation tracks their progress. Whenever they pause in amity, affliction mourns their friendship. They boast they come but to improve our state, enlarge our thoughts, and free us from the yoke of error. Yes; they they will give enlightened freedom to our minds, who are themselves the slaves of passion, avarice, and pride! They offer us their protection. Yes; such protection as vultures give to lambs, covering and devouring them! They call on us to barter all of good we have inherited and proved, for the desperate chance of something better which they promise. Be our plain answer this: The throne we honor, is the people's choice; the laws we reverence, are our brave fathers' legacy; the faith we follow, teaches us to live in bonds of charity with all mankind, and die with the hope of bliss beyond the grave. Tell your invaders this, and tell them, too, we seek no change; and, least of all, such a change as they would bring us.