make a road two miles long and twelve feet wide. The road once constructed shall be kept up by the proprietor of those lands, which it passes through, and he shall also keep it higher in the middle, that the water may run off more easily in the wet season. The relations of the criminal may assist him if they wish it. The chief of the dis trict shall maintain him during his work: but he shall neither ill-treat him por force him to work without relaxation. Finally, false witnesses shall not be punished for trifles.-The missionaries affirm that this law will be felt in a striking manner,

AUSTRALASIA.

New South Wales.-The news from this country continues to be highly satisfactory. The experiments made by the inhabitants of Port Jackson, in the interior of New Holland, give still greater confirmation to the ideas al ready conceived of the excellency of the soil and climate. The new governor, Sir Thomas Brisbane, successor to Mac. quarrie, is president of an agricultural society. At the first dinner of the in stitution he proposed a subscription, which produced £1,500. The new colony of criminals at Port Macquarrie is in a prosperous condition; they have coals, and wood fit for building, in abundance. An article in a late Sidney Gazette informs us, that oranges may be gathered and bought for sixpence the dozen; a few years since, that price was given for one only. Bees have been imported without suffering from the voyage, and are doing well. Mr Blaxland, of London, presented to the Society of Trades in Paris the first specimens of the Australasian vines, and has obtained a medal. Sheep brought over to Van Diemen's Land thrive well.

CHINA.

Literature. A well-bred son never lies in the middle of the apart ment, never sits on the middle of the mat, never passes through the middle of the door-way. A son imbued with filial piety hears his father and mother with out their speaking to him, and sees them without being in their presence. A son, when living with his parents, possesses nothing of his own. He can not even expose his life for a friend. The murderer of your father must not remain under the same sky with you; you should never lay down your arms while that of your brother still lives; and you ought not to inhabit the same country with that of your friend. A son, who walks with his father, keeps a step in his rear; and only follows him.

A younger pays the same respect to an elder brother. At the earliest crowing of the cock, the children and the daughters-in-law enter the chamber of the father and mother; present them with water to wash, give them their clothes, beat up the bolsters, roll up the mat, and sprinkle the room with water. When the father and mother wish to go to bed, the children and the daughters-in-law hasten to assist them. The eldest son presents the mat, and asks them on which side of the apartment they prefer reposing. The youngest son unrolls the mattrasses and bedclothes. A son, who is in employment and who lives separately from his father and mother, comes every morning to ask them what they would like to eat. At sunrise he goes to attend to his business, but at night he returns to salute his father and mother. When they are at table their children and daughters-in-law are all by their sides, and remain there until the end of the repast, for the purpose of serving them, If the father is dead, the eldest son takes the lead of the others in serving his mother.

IONIAN ISLANDS.

In each of the seven islands, Corfu, Cephalonia, Zante, St. Maura, Cerigo, Ithaca and Paxo, independent of many private schools, there is a central school of mutual instruction in modern Greek. Cephalonia has two, one at Argostoli, the other at Lixuri. The general direction of these elementary schools is confided to Dr. Athanasius Politi, a learned chemist, full of zeal for learning and the true interests of bis country. It is hoped that the University of Corfu will be opened this autumn; the Chancellor is Lord Guilford, who is an enlightened friend to the public good, and has given particular attention to the organization of this Institution. The total population of these islands is about 200,000 souls, 60,000 in Corfu, 60,000 in Cephalonia, nearly 40,000 in Zante, &c. The salu tary influence of liberty, the progress of instruction, agriculture, industry, and commerce, must soon create an increase of inhabitants and a greater development of the elements of prosperity; especially if Greece become free and independent, and entertain reciprocal relations with the neighbouring states and with the republie of the seven islands, Italy, Malta, Egypt, and the South of France.

ITALY.

Professor Gazzeri bas invented a new syphon, which he calls the perpetual, because it always preserves the faculty of making liquids pass from one vessel

to another, even after the vessels are empty and the action ceases. This syphon has two unequal arms; after entirely plunging it into any liquid, in order that it may be filled, and taking care that both orifices are constantly immersed, each extremity of the sy phon is introduced into a small vase or reservoir, filled with the same liquid, in which is plunged each end. Thus, the immersion of the two extremities is constant, and the entrance of the air and escape of the liquid are equally prevented; the syphon, always full, is in continual action, by only immersing one of its branches, without the aid of air, opening and shutting cocks, &c. What is remarkable in this invention is the fact, that as soon as one vessel is empty it is filled again from the other, and so on continually.

M. Angelo Mai, Librarian to the Vatican, is about to publish a second edition of the Fragments of Fronto nius, which he discovered in the Ambrosian Library at Milan, and considerably augmented by new discoveries among the treasures of the Vatican, The literary world will have great pleasure in learning, that among these additions are more than 100 letters of Marcus Aurelius, Frontonius, &c. &c. This edition is dedicated to the late Pope.

SWEDEN.

Influenced by the example of so many other capitals, Stockholm has also this year a public and gratuitous Exhibition of National Industry; in which are seen various works in steel, glass, delft ware, and cloth; all excel, lent. Dyeing of silk and linen ought to be more attended to; no linens have been exhibited from the northern provinces, but it is said they do not yield in quality to any others.

The Academy of Sciences at Stockholm has published a part of its Memoirs for 1822. Professor Cronstedt has enrished them with observations and astronomical explanations on the Indian epochs of the world. M. Berzelius has inserted an analysis of the mineral waters of Carlsbad. In the annual sitting of 22d of December last, the Royal Academy gave the prize of eloquence to Colonel Nordfors. The prize of poetry has not been awarded; but the second medal was given to M. de Becker for his poem on the Statue of Charles XIII.

to the phenomena formerly called flying dragons. The circumstance of its being at the same time visible at Copenhagen, which is sixty leagues distant in a direct line, renders it so particularly remarkable. From this circumstance we may form an idea of its magnitude and velocity, which, though perceptible, did not appear to be very great. At Kiel it seemed to have a direction from south-west to north-west, and an elevation of 30°, This meteor was visible ten seconds, and on its disappearance threw out an immense number of sparks, which illu, mined its path.

POLAND.

The government, amongst other works, has undertaken to clear and render navigable the following rivers; Pilica, Niemen, Kaminka, and Radom, ki, and also to strengthen the banks of the Vistula near Vinnicia, Iffianowice, and Brzyscam, in the districts of Sandomir and Radom.

GERMANY..

On the 2nd of April last, the Aca. demy of Sciences at Munich cele brated the anniversary of its founda tion. In 1819 it had proposed, as a prize subject, a question very impor tant to the history of Germany, which was to determine what had been the administration of justice in Bohemia in the most ancient times. No memoir had yet appeared satisfactory to the academy; but when the subject was again proposed in 1821, the abundance of essays was so great, and the ques. tion was treated in such a superior manner, that the choice was for a long time doubtful between four au thors, and at length the academy di. vided the prize between them in the following proportions: the prize medal being valued at 100 ducats: M. Louis Maurer had one of 60 ducats; M. Bückner, and M. de Freyberg each, one of 20; and M. Steiner, one of 12.The prize for the first class of this academy in 1824 is to be awarded to the best dissertation on the comparison of the ideas of Plato and Aristotle, relative to the government of public affairs. The memoirs must be written in Latin, and sent in before next 28th of March; but the academy will not pronounce judgment before the follow. ing 12th of October. The prize is 500 ducats, besides the cost of printing.

Wurtzbourg. The Orthoepist In stitution, founded many years ago, and which is, perhaps, the first and the only one of the kind in Europe, contains now 33 individuals of both sexes and different ages, who have come from

France, Russia, Austria, Prussia, &c. to undergo a treatment for personal deformities, and especially that of the dorsal spine. The activity and perseverance of Dr. Heine, founder and director of this institution, have been encouraged by the King and Queen of Bavaria, and t e Regency of the country. Dr. Heine's collection of instruments, some to remedy the deformities of the body, others to cure the fractures or dislocations of the bones, merit particular attention. A work of Dr. Heine will soon be published, presenting a complete view of the formation, present state, and cures of this institution.

Ratisbon-Longevity. M. Neumark has just published a curious work, on the means of attaining an advanced age. The examples quoted by the author of persons, who have lived till between 90 and 100 years, are, for each of these years, from 12 to 20. Those from 100 to 115 are still more numerous; the number diminishes from 116 to 123, being only from 4 to 9. The examples of persons aged more than 123 years are, of course, much more rare; M. Neumark cites but one who arrived to 200, two to 297, and one to 360; the old man who attaiued this last age was John de Temporibus, esquire to Charlemagne; and he died in Germany in 1128. It is remarkable that amongst the centenaries are few of a high rank, and few medical men; Hippocrates and Dufournal (the latter died at Paris in 1805, aged 115), are almost the only instances. Amongst the monarchs, except Frederick II. aged 76, few have exceeded 70 years; amongst 300 popes, but 7 have attained to 80; amongst the philosophers of a great age are reckoned Kepler, Bacon, Newton, Euler, Kant, Fontenelle, &c.; among the poets, Sophocles, Pindar, Young, Haller, Voltaire, Bodmer, Goethe, &c. The greatest number of examples of longevity are furnished by Russia, Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Hungary, and Great Britain. Wurtemberg.-The Bible Society of this city has distributed from the 24th of October, 1820, to the 14th of September, 1821, 42,949 Bibles, and 25,235 New Testaments; of which 7,510 Bibles, and 4,822 New Testaments were for other provinces; part were given gratis, part at a very moderate price, that of a Bible about 10 d.

The great progress of learning among the Hungarian youth is worthy of remark. Presburg alone contains 3,929 scholars, 190 pupils in law, and 214 in philosophy, compose the Royal

Academy. The Gymnasium is frequented by 604 pupils; the Evangelical Lyceum has 245 in philosophy and theology, and 256 in grammar. The Normal School, 496; the School of the Hospital, 204; the establishments by the name of Trivialschulen (popular schools) 1690; to which may be added those in the Jewish Schools, 100. Pupils of schools in the rest of the kingdom are follows:-At Ofen, 528; Gran,372; Neutra, 380; Waiz, 329; Bries, 49; Karft, 42; Kolotska, 133; Kremnitz, 186; Saint George, 87; Ketschkemel, 181; Levenez, 228; Neusohl, 150; Pesth, 879; Privitz, 104; Schemnitz, 200; Solen, 244; Skalitz, 131; Trentschi, 181; Tyrnau, 438; amounting to 4,863, besides those independent of Presburg.

FRANCE.

The city of Strasbourg is distinguished for its noble philanthropy, which has given birth to several establishments, worthy of imitation. A committee had been formed to improve the morals of prisoners, and had succeeded in a degree; but it had not been able to follow them into the society to which they were restored; a new association has been formed to watch over this department; its purpose is to offer to those young persons who have been set at liberty, and who have given signs of true repentance, and who, on leaving the prison, find themselves entirely destitute, the means of completing their moral regeneration, and of resisting the fresh temptations of misery and want, by apprenticing them to honest tradesmen, who give opportunities of instruction, and who exercise over them, from the moment of their emancipation, a severe, though paternal attention. By these means, it is hoped, that the victims of ignorance, seduction, and vicious education may be restored to society, and become good men and useful citizens. Numerous donations have already afforded the society some opportunities of making the experiment; and the conduct of two of the young men thus liberated give great hopes, that the benevolent intentions of the society will succeed.

An inhabitant of Chaumont, whilst ploughing his field, turned up with the ploughshare the cover of an ancient earthen pot, containing about 4,000 Roman coins, chiefly bronze; they bear the effigies of many emperors of the third century, from 250 to 260, some of which had only been acknowledged by the armies they commanded. These are those struck by Gallienus, Victorinus Major, Posthumus Major,

These

Maximus Mammurius, Flavius Claudius, Salumba the wife of Gallienus. coins appear never to have been in circulation, and are in good preservation.

Paris.-The art of assisting the memory, which so much employed the thoughts of the ancients, no less occu,pies the attention of the moderns. Many attempts succeeded during the last age, and if they were not crowned with great success, still they went to prove that the end might be attained by patience and, perseverance. It appears, however, that M. Frederic Côme has nearly attained the point in contemplation. The meeting which took place on the 15th July, in the Mnemonic Society, and in which he produced surprising effects before a numerous

assembly, will leave profound traces in the minds of those who think. The nine chefs-d'œuvres of Racine, contain about 15,000 verses, and that gentleman could tell, when questioned, the number of each verse, or the verse to each number, which appears almost in. .credible.

SWITZERLAND.

The government of Valais is actively proceeding with that part of the road of Simplon, which goes through their territory. It is to be hoped that Piedmont will also appreciate the great advantages which this communication renders to commerce and to travellers, and that they will not suffer the extremity of the road to be neglected, as the expense would not be great.

the late General Dumouriez.

Immediately after the adjournment of parliament, Sir James Macintosh attended the Marquess of Tichfield to Welbeck, to examine the archives of the family, which had not been opened for many years. Sir James, it is said, there discovered some invaluable letters and state papers, which will materially tend to illustrate that portion of his History of England, to which they belong.

Mr. Roscoe is rapidly advancing with his variorum edition of the Works of Pope, to which he will prefix a New Life.

Mr. Britton has published his Illustrations of Fonthill Abbey. There are in all twelve highly-finished engravings, shewing the elevation of the Abbey from various points of view, and the most attractive parts of the windows and galleries within. They are engraved from original drawings by distinguished artists, in a style of beauty and correctness seldom equalled. The letter-press contains a circumstantial history of the rise and progress of this building, and many of its matchless decorations, with a circumstantial history of the Beckford family. There are two very pretty poems, written by Mr. Beckford, inserted.

A handsome monument has been reeently erected in the parish church of Eur. Mag. Sept. 1823.

The new edition of Shirley's Works, notwithstanding the severe indisposition of the editor, Mr. Giffard, is in a state of great forwardness. We believe all the Plays are printed, and a portion of the Poems. The Life of Shirley only remains to be written.'A new edition of Ford's Plays are in preparation for the press by the same editor. Mr. Giffard is said to have been stimulated to undertake the latter work in consequence of the slovenly manner in which the edition by Weber was produced.

Sir John Coxe Hippisley is making experiments at Cowes, with a large boat, which is moved through the water, at the rate of ten miles an hour, by means of six paddle-wheels worked by a hand-winch, for the purpose of proving how far this description of mechanical power is applicable to use in gaols; in order to do away with the tread-mill.

Method of preserving Corn and Bread from damage by Mice. - Mr. Macdonald, of Scalpa, after sustaining considerable loss from the depredations committed by these animals, thought of placing at the bottom, in the middle, and at the top of each heap of corn, some branches of wild thyme, and since that his stock has been uptouched. He found the same success in preserving cheese and other provisions. It may be concluded from hence, that it will be easy to drive mice from bake-houses and places where they do mischief, by sprinkling some drops of oil of thyme (peppermint), which produces a stronger smell than the plant itself. 2 L

The regular publication of the Encyclopædia Edinensis will be resumed, and the work completed within the original limits. Part XIX. will be ready in October.

The sixth edition, in octavo, of the late Dr. Denman's Introduction to the Practice of Midwifery, is in the press, with a Recommendatory Preface by James Blundell, M.D. Lecturer on Midwifery and Physiology at Guy's Hospital; and a Biographical Sketch of the author written partly by himself, and completed from authentic documents supplied by his family.

Dr. Graham, of Croydon, will shortly publish an Essay on the Nature and Treatment of the prevailing disorders of the Stomach and Liver; the object of which is to prove, first, that the great majority of what are vulgarly called bilious and liver complaints are in reality disorders of the stomach and bowels; and, secondly, that calomel, so far from being necessary to their cure, is in the common mode of administering it an active poison.

The Author of the Peerage and Baronetage Charts, the Secretary's As'sistant, &c. is preparing a Dictionary of English Quotations, in Three Parts. Part the First, containing quotations from Shakspeare, will appear in a few days.

Early in October will appear, Whittingham's French Classics, vol. 3, containing Charles XII. By Voltaire. 1 vol. in 12mo.

Blackstone's Commentaries-a Translation of all the Greek, Latin, Italian, and French Sentences, Phrases, &c. which occur in the above work, and also in the Notes of Christian, Archibald and Williams, will be published in the course of this month.

Nearly ready for publication, Elements of Arithmetic, for the Use of the Grammar School, Leeds, and adapted to the general objects of education. By George Walker, AM. late Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, aud Head Master of the Grammar School, Leeds. Second edition.

Museum Worsleyanum; or a Collection of Antique Basso Relievos, Bustos, Statutes, and Gems, with Views of Places in the Levant, taken on the spot in the years 1785, 1786, and 1787. This work will be published in Twelve Parts, which will form two very handsome volumes, of the size of Imperial Quarto, at 17. 18. each Part; and Twenty-five Copies only will be taken off, possessing the first Impressions of the Plates, on the finest India paper, at 21. 28. Every Part will contain

about Thirteen fine Engravings, taken off on French paper, with letter-press descriptions. The first Part will be published on the 15th of October, 1823, and a Part will be published every 15th of succeeding months until completed.

A very neat Map of the River Thames, from London to Margate, has lately appeared at the small pirce of 18.; it is printed from stone and coloured. It will be found a useful companion to steam-boat travellers on the River Thames.

A new Work from the pen of Miss Porter, author of Thaddeus of Warsaw, Scottish Chiefs, &c. will shortly appear in 3 vols. 12mo. entitled Duke Christian of Luneberg, or, Traditions from the Hartz. Dedicated, by permission, to His Majesty.

Sir J. E. Smith, President of the Linnæan Society, &c. &c. has nearly ready for publication the first portion of his English Flora.

A Geognostical Essay on the Superposition of Rocks in both Hemispheres. By M. de Humboldt, and translated into English under his immediate inspection, will appear next month in 1 vol. 8vo.

Captain A. Cruise, of the 84th Regiment, has just ready for publication in 1 vol. 8vo. a Journal of a Ten Months Residence in New Zealand.

An interesting Tale will shortly appear in 1 vol. 12mo. entitled, The Stranger's Grave.

James L. Drummond, M.D. Surgeon, Professor of Anatomy and Physiology in the Belfast Academical Institution, has in the press a duodecimo volume, entitled First Steps to Botany, intended as popular illustrations of the science, leading to its study as a branch of general education. Illustrated with numerous wood-cuts.

Hurst wood; a Tale of the Year 1815, in 3 vols. 12mo. is in the press.

A third edition of Body and Soul; consisting of a Series of lively and pathetic Stories, calculated to excite the attention and interest of the Religious World, will be published in a few days.

A Novel is in the press, entitled Country Belles; or, Gossips ontwitted.

The Night before the Bridal, and other Poems, by Miss Garnett, is about to appear in an octavo volume.

The Eighth Volume of the Annual Biography and Obituary, comprehending Memoirs of most of the celebrated Persons whose Decease has taken Place, or may take Place, within the present Year, is in Preparation; and will be published on the 1st of January, 1824.