The Geological ObserverLongman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, 1851 - 846 من الصفحات |
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طبعات أخرى - عرض جميع المقتطفات
عبارات ومصطلحات مألوفة
accumulations acid amid animals appear ashes atmosphere augite beds beneath bones breakers British Islands calcareous carbonic acid cave caverns channel cinders clay cliffs considered coral reefs crater currents Daubeny deposits depth descend detritus distance effects erratic blocks eruption estuary fathoms favourable feet fissures flood flow Forbes formed fragments of rock fresh water friction geological glaciers gradually ground height hyænas icebergs inferred kind lagoon lakes lapilli lava layers limestone magnesia mammals manner marine mass mechanical suspension miles mineral mingled modifications molluscs molten moraines mountain névé northern noticed observer ocean ossiferous pebbles portions present produced Professor regards regions remains respect rise Roderick Murchison sand sea bottom shallow shells shingles shore side silica Sir James Ross snow species specific gravity streams substances sufficient supposed surface temperature thrown tidal tide tideless seas tion trachytic transported vapours various vegetation vent Victoria Land volcanic action waves winds
مقاطع مشهورة
الصفحة 386 - ... feet deep. The bottom was covered with lava, and the south-west and northern parts of it were one vast flood of burning matter, in a state of terrific ebullition, rolling to and fro its " fiery surge
الصفحة 832 - THE METALLIFEROUS DEPOSITS OF CORNWALL AND DEVON ; with Appendices on Subterranean Temperature ; the Electricity of Rocks and Veins ; the Quantities of Water in the Cornish Mines ; and Mining Statistics.
الصفحة 329 - ... of the dense enamel, the inference is plain that the ligneous fibre must have entered in a larger proportion into the food of such extinct species. Forests of hardy trees and shrubs still grow upon the frozen soil of Siberia, and skirt the banks of the Lena as far north as latitude 60°. In Europe arboreal vegetation extends ten degrees nearer the pole, and the dental organization of the Mammoth proves that it might have derived subsistence from the leafless branches of trees, in regions covered...
الصفحة 169 - ... several are found in one region which do not range into the next above, whilst they extend to that below, or vice versa. Certain species have their maximum of development in each zone, being most prolific in individuals in that zone in which is their maximum, and of which they may be regarded as especially characteristic. Mingled with the true natives of every zone are stragglers, owing their presence to the action of the secondary influences which modify distribution.
الصفحة 337 - Tigers as large again as the biggest Asiatic species lurked in the ancient thickets; elephants of nearly twice the bulk of the largest individuals that now exist in Africa or Ceylon roamed in herds ; at least two species of rhinoceros forced their way through the primaeval forest ; and the lakes and rivers were tenanted by hippopotami as bulky, and with as great tusks as those of Africa.
الصفحة 246 - A GLACIER is AN IMPERFECT FLUID, OR A VISCOUS BODY. WHICH IS URGED DOWN SLOPES OF A CERTAIN INCLINATION BY THE MUTUAL PRESSURE OF ITS PARTS.
الصفحة 171 - ... the brachiopoda, also gives a character of colour to the fauna of this zone ; the Crustacea found in it are red. In the sixth zone the colours become brighter, reds and yellows prevailing, — generally, however, uniformly colouring the shell. In the fifth region many species are banded or clouded with various combinations of colours, and the number of white species has greatly diminished. In the fourth, purple hues are frequent, and contrasts of colour common. In the...
الصفحة 329 - Elephant prefers, will not enable us to determine, or even to offer a probable conjecture concerning that of the extinct species." The molar teeth of the Elephant possess, as we have seen, a highly complicated, and a very peculiar structure, and there are no other quadrupeds that derive so great a proportion of their food from the woody fibre of the branches of trees. Many mammals browse the leaves ; some small rodents gnaw the bark ; the Elephants alone tear down and crunch the branches, the vertical...
الصفحة 250 - The stone thus appeared to rise above the level of the glacier, supported on an elegant pedestal of beautifully veined ice. Each time I visited it, it was more difficult of ascent, and at last, on the 6th August the pillar of ice was thirteen feet high, and the broad stone so delicately poised on the summit of it, (which measured but a few feet in any direction,) that it was almost impossible to guess in what direction it would ultimately fall, although, by the progress of the thaw, its fall in the...
الصفحة 17 - ... southern hemispheres. 3. That there is no notable difference in sea-water under different meridians. 4. That there is no satisfactory evidence that the sea at great depths is more salt than at the...