actions with confidence in (auf) his strength'. sure, unfehlbar=never failing. 13,

=

=

12, firm unshakable; purpose. 14, ir releiten, sep. comp. W. v. 15, by — means, durch die Größe seiner ihm zu Gebote stehenden Hülfsmittel. 16, 'but', here wohl aber. 17, to be hurried away, sich hin und her treiben lassen. 18, is = signifies (heißen); 'to have', here = to follow, befolgen. 19, doors = gates (Pforten), through which he tried (suchen) to attain his aims (App. § 19). This addition seems to be necessary to complete the underlying idea. 20, and circumstances = and in (bei) the dazzle (Verblendung) and the confusion, which ruled (beherrschen) his time, he never lost sight of these aims. To lose sight of a thing, etwas aus dem Auge verlieren. 21, Say 'He would have liked (Impf. Subj. of gern haben in connection with the Past Participle of the verb) to shorten (abkürzen) a straight line, in order to attain his purpose'. 22, of successes, welche alle Zeugnis davon ablegen, wie teuer er seine Erfolge erkaufte. 23, to set a person down as cruel, einen für grausam halten. 24,'one', here=a man (S. 134, N. 9). 25, Say 'he was not', etc. 26, Say 'to the man who', etc. 27, Say 'He must carry (erobern) the battery'. 28, 'to be sacrificed', here dahin'gerafft 29, Was befehlen Ew. (abbreviation of Eure) Majestät ?

werden.

Section 157.

3

NAPOLEON BONAPARTE.

II.

In the plenitude of his resources every obstacle seemed to vanish. "There1 shall be no Alps," he said; and he built his perfect roads2, climbing by graded galleries their steepest precipices, until Italy was as open to Paris as any town in France. Having (S. 55, N. 1) decided what was to be done, he did that with might and main. He put out all his strength. He risked everything, and spared nothing; neither ammunition, nor money, nor troops, nor generals, nor himself. If fighting" be the best mode of adjusting national differences (as 12 large majorities of men seem to agree), certainly Bonaparte was right in making it thorough 13.

9

8

10

He fought 14 sixty battles. He had never enough. Each victory was a new weapon. "My power would fall15, were I not to support it by new achievements. Conquest has 16 made me what I am, and conquest must maintain me.'

20

Before 17 he fought a battle, Bonaparte thought 18 little about what he should do in 18 case of success, but a great deal about what he should do in case of a reverse of fortune. The same prudence and good sense marked 19 all his behaviour His instructions 21 to his secretary at the palace are worth 22 remembering. He said: "During the night enter my chamber as seldom as possible. Do not awake me when you have any good news to communicate 23; with 24 that there is no hurry; but when you have bad news, rouse me instantly, for then there is not a moment to be lost." His 25 achievement of business was immense, and 26 enlarges the known power of man. There have been (S. 82, N. 7) many working kings, from Ulysses to 27 William of Orange 28, but 29 none who accomplished a tithe of this man's performance.-EMERSON.

1, Es foll feine Alpen mehr geben. 2, perfect roads, Kunststraßen. 3, Say 'through which he by means of winding, (sich schlängeln) and gradually rising passes climbed the steepest precipices (Abhang, m.) of the Alps'. 4, was =

stood; to Paris to the Parisians. The suffix er is used to form names of male persons and of the inhabitants of countries and places; asder Italiener, the Italian, from Italien; der Hamburger, the inhabitants of Hamburgh. 5, town in France French (S. 101, N. 1) town. main, aus Leibeskräften. 9, nor neither.

=

Art und Weise.

7, Er feste seine ganze Stärke daran.

=

6, with8, schonen.

10, und auch sich selbst nicht. 11, war; be = is; mode, 12, Sayas the majority of men seem (S. 107, N. 13) to think (S. 64, N. 11)'. 13, to make (do) a thing thorough(ly), etwas gründ lich betreiben. 14, to fight battles, Schlachten liefern.

=

15, sink.

16, Conquests have; he has made me what I am, er hat mich zu dem gemacht, was ich bin. 17, Che, adv. 18, to think about a thing, über etwas nach'denken, read S. 87, N. 6; in — success, im Glücksfalle; in — fortune, im Unglücksfalle. 19, aus zeichnen. 20, Handlungsweise. All his happiness, sein ganzes Glück; all our family, unsere ganze Familie. 21, Verhaltungsbefehl, m., directions for conduct; to, an. 22, This is not worth remembering, dies ist nicht der Beachtung wert. 23, melden. 24, Say literally 'these have no haste'. 25, His-business, Seine Arbeitskraft. 26, und erweitert unsere bisherigen Vorstellungen von den im Menschen wohnenden Kräften. 27, bis auf. 28, Oranien. Commence this period with: 'From Ulysses'. 29, doch keinen, der auch nur ein zehntel von den Thaten dieses Mannes vollbracht hätte (App. § 33).

9

11

Section 158.

5

7

THE WARLIKE CHARACTER OF THE GERMANS. The Germans fight as a nation. Whatever1 their birth 2 or (S. 10, N. 9) profession, all are trained soldiers. The nation is the army; the army is the nation. Hence they cannot be moved save at the bidding of some grand principle, and the stirring of some soul-penetrating and elevating sentiment; and yet they are as sensible as any nation that they abandon comfort, domestic ease, monetary independence, everything which (S. 3, N. 7) men (=man) love and live for, in 10 order to identify the nation and the army. But they are willing to pay the price. They count hardihood of body and trained 12 courage of heart the noblest riches of a nation. They reckon " that national independence and national greatness are a thousand times more precious than gold and silver, and 13 that to die on the field of battle is better and happier than to rot1 and crumble away in sybaritic ease. They hold, too, that 16 the cause of liberty, and the free noble spirit engendered by the brotherhood of a nationality which affirms its oneness by noble acts 17, is blessed by God, and that He will give 18 victory to the armies who go forth to battle in (S. 3, N. 2) trust in 19 His name. No wonder 20 fight and triumph 21-ADMIRAL GARBETT.

1, Supply the verb 'be'.

2,= station, Stand, m.

15

they

3, = practised.

4, Say 'Hence they can be moved (erregen) only at (durch) the bidding (Gebot,n.)'. 5, Erweckung, f. 6, die Seele ergreifend. 7, 'to be sensible', here fich bewußt sein. 8, here die Annehmlichkeiten des Lebens. 9, Say 'in short give up everything', for the verb 'abandon' must be placed at the end of this clause. 10, Say 'in order to prove the identity of the nation and the

11, halten (für).

12, here gestählt.

army'. 13, Say' and feel that it is better and nobler to die', etc. 14, vermodern; to crumble away, verfallen; 'ease', here Gemächlichkeit. 15, Auch halten sie dafür. 16, Con

strue thus: 'that God will bless the cause (Sache, f.) of liberty'; and use the attributive constr. for the transl. of 'and the nationality'. Any other constr. would be much too clumsy. 17, = deeds. 18, to give victory, den Sieg verleihen; to go forth to battle, in die Schlacht ziehen. 19, auf. 20, Supply 'then, that'. 21, = conquer.

6

Section 159.

THE1 WAY TO MASTER THE TEMPER.

4

2

7

A London (S. 157, N. 4) merchant, having a dispute with a Quaker concerning a business account, determined3 to institute a law-suit against him. Desirous of amicably settling the matter, the Quaker called at the house of the merchant, when the latter became so enraged that he vehemently declared to his servant that he would (App. §§ 28 and 30) not see his opponent. "Well, friend," said the Quaker quietly, "may" God put thee in a better mind." The merchant was subdued by the kindness of the reply, and, after careful consideration, became convinced that he was wrong. He sent 10 for the Quaker, and 11 after making a humble apology, he asked: "How were you able to bear my abuse with so much patience?" "Friend," replied the Quaker, "I was naturally 12 as hot 13 and violent as thou art, but I knew that 1 to indulge my temper was sinful, and also very foolish. I observed that men in a passion always spoke very loud, and I thought that 15, if I could control my voice, I should keep down my passion. I therefore made 16 it a rule never to let it rise above a certain key; and by a careful observance of this rule I have, with the blessing of God", entirely mastered my 18 natural temper."-ALCOTT.

=

11

1, Wie man seinen Zorn beherrschen kann. 2, Change 'having' into 'had'; the object is best placed after' account'. 3, Supply 'and' before 'determined'; to institute a law-suit against a person, einen gerichtlich belangen. 4, to settle a matter amicably, eine Sache auf gütliche Weise ordnen. Comp. S. 30, N. 4, and note that the Present Participle being' is understood at the commencement of this period. 5, = whereupon. 6, emphatically, nachdrücklich. 7, Saymay God alter thy mind (Gesinnung, f.)'. 8, to be subdued, fich besiegt fühlen; by, durch. 9, 'that wrong' may be briefly turned by 'of his wrong'. 10, to send for a person, einen zu sich rufen lassen. 11, 'and-asked'. This passage, literally translated, would be inelegant in German, say: 'humbly begged his pardon, and asked then'. Abuse, Beleidi12, von Natur. 13, gung, f. passionate. 14, that it was sinful, etc.; to indulge one's temper, seinem Zorn freien Lauf lassen. 15, = that I could (App. § 33) conquer my anger through mastering my voice (durch Beherrschung meiner Stimme). 16, We make it a rule never to let our voices rise beyond a certain key, wir machen es uns zur Regel, unsere Stimmen nie über eine gewisse Tonstärke hinaus zu erheben. 17, with God's help. natural inclination to (3) anger (S. 3, N. 2).

2

=

Section 160.

=

=

OPINIONS' AS TO ENGLISH EDUCATION.

I.

18,= my

This energy of individual life and example acting throughout society constitute the best practical education of Englishmen. Schools, aca

VOL. IV.

3

I

13

4

11

6

8

demies, and colleges give but the merest beginning of culture in comparison with it (S. 4, N. 5). Far higher and more practical is the lifeeducation daily given in our homes, in the streets, behind (S. 3, N. 2) counters, in workshops, at the loom and behind the plough, in countinghouses and manufactories, and 10 in all the busy haunts of men. This is the education that " fits Englishmen for doing the work and acting the part of free men. This 12 is that final instruction as members of society, which Schiller designated "the education of the human race,” consisting 18 in action, conduct 14, self-culture, self-control-all 15 that tends to discipline a man truly, and fit him for the proper performance of the duties of life-a kind of education not to be learnt (S. 7, N. 3 B) from (aus) books. Lord Bacon observes that 16 "Studies teach not their own use, but that there is (S. 82, N. 7) a wisdom without them and above them, won (S. 7, N. 3 B, and S. 2, N. 1) by (durch) observation, a remark that holds 17 true of 18 actual life, as well as of 19 the cultivation of the intellect itself. For all observation serves 20 to illustrate and enforce the lesson, that a man perfects himself by work much more than by reading 21,-that 22 it is life 23 rather than literature 21, action rather than study, and character 25 rather than biography 26, which 27 tend perpetually to renovate mankind.

7, is

24

1, Ansichten über. 2, This-society. A good German rendering of the thought underlying this line is so difficult, that the author thinks it best to give at once his own translation, which he hopes will find acceptance: Diese im mehr selbständigen Leben sich entwickelnde Energie und das dadurch gegebene, auf die ganze Gesellschaft wirkende Beispiel. 3, ausmachen. 4, = universities; 'to give', here gewähren. 5, =a mere. 6, = more important. homes, ist die im täglichen Leben gewonnene Erziehung zu Hause. 8, auf. 9, Use this noun in the Sing. 10, und in den vielen andern Geschäftsstätten der Menschen. 11, Say 'that enables Englishmen as free men to do their work and their duty'. 12, This designated = This education gives also to human society that instruction (Unterweisung, f.), which Schiller calls, etc. Johann Christoph Friedrich von Schiller, geboren am 10. Nov. 1759 zu Marbach, gestorben am 9. Mai 1805 zu Weimar, ist nächst Göthe (Siehe S. 110, N. 1) unstreitig die bedeutendste Er scheinung in der deutschen Litteratur. Als Dichter zeichnete er sich sowohl durch seine ideale, subjektive Richtung, wie auch durch hinreißenden Schwung echt poetischer Begeisterung aus, welche im Drama ihren Höhepunkt erreichte. Aber auch als Geschichtschreiber und als philosophischer Schriftsteller hat er sich bei seiner Nation einen unsterblichen Namen erworben. 13, and which consists in (S. 3, N. 2) action, etc. 14, in der fittlichen Aufführung. 15, and in all that (here follows the verb 'consists', since this is the end of the relative clause introduced in Note 13), which (S. 3, N. 7) educates (bilden) man_truly (wahrhaft) and fits (befähigen) him for (zu) the proper performance (= fulfilment) of his duties in life. 16, that 'Studies do not teach us the application of the same, but', etc. 17, 'to hold true', here to prove true. in practical life. 19, of itself, in Bezug auf die Geistesbildung selbst. interprets (erklären) and proves the doctrine. 21, here Leftüre, f., with the art. 22, This conj. ‘that' is best omitted, since a repetition of subordinate clauses must, as far as possible, be avoided. 23, = practical life; 'rather than' seems here to be = ' and not'. 24, Thätigkeit, activity. 25, The English word 'character' is so varied in its application that it requires always the greatest discrimination to decide upon its translation, and in this case more than ever. careful consideration it is thought to be equivalent here to: 'the personal

=

18,

=

20,

=

=

After

1

4

II.

2

5

Goethe (S. 5, N. 2), in one of his conversations with Eckermann at Weimar, once 1 observed: It is very strange, and I know not whether it lies in race, in climate, in soil, or in their healthy education, but certainly Englishmen seem to have a great advantage over most other men. We see here in Weimar only a minimum of them, and those, probably, by no means the best specimens, and yet what splendid fellows they are! And although they come here as seventeen-year-old youths, yet they by no means feel strange in this strange land; on the contrary, their entrance 10 and bearing 11 in society is so confident 12 and quiet, that one would 13 think they were everywhere the masters, and the whole world belonged to them 14."

14

"I should not like to affirm, for all that 15" replied Eckermann 16, "that the English gentlemen in Weimar are cleverer, better educated, and better hearted than our young men."

"That is not the point 17," said Goethe; "their superiority does not lie in such things; neither 18 does it lie in their birth and fortune 19; it lies precisely 20 in their having 21 the courage to be what nature made them. There 22 is no halfness about 23 them. They are complete 24 men. Sometimes complete fools also, that I heartily 25 admit, but even that is something, and has its weight."

Thus (App. § 14), in 26 Goethe's eyes, the Englishmen fulfilled, to a great extent, the injunction 27 given by Lessing 28 to those who would

be men:

"Think wrongly, if you please, but think for yourselves!"-S. SMILES, "SELF-HELP."

1, = one day. adv. hoch.

2, 'Very' is often rendered by the superlative of the 3, 'whether it lies' may be elegantly translated by omitting

6

the conjunction whether' and using the inversion.

5, heilsam.

4,_im_heimatlichen

=

Boden. 6, Say 'but it seems to be certain that Englishmen possess a great superiority over most other men'. 7, a minimum 8, very few. and these (dies) are probably by no means the best, and yet (dennoch aber) they are (find es) splendid fellows! 9, a thirty-year-old man, ein dreißigjähriger Mann. 11, Benehmen, n.

=

10, Auftreten, n.

12, sicher. 13, Render 'would' by the Impf. Subj. of mögen, since the sentence is equivalent to 'that one would be inclined to think'. The following verbs must be constructed according to App. §§ 29 and 30. 14. Supply alone' after 'them'. 15, for all that, aber doch, to be placed before 'not'. 16, Johann Peter Eckermann, geboren 1792 zu Winsen in der preußischen Provinz Hannover, gestorben den 3. Dez. 1854 zu Weimar, war viele Jahre als Göthes Privatsekretär thätig und ist der Welt am bekanntesten durch die von ihm nach Göthes Tode veröffentlichten Gespräche mit Göthe'. Er war auch der Herausgeber (editor) von Göthes' Nachgelassenen Werken'. 17, Sache, f. 18, auch